Carbohydrates

The Fuel MachineThe Fuel Machine

Chemical Elements in Carbohydrates

1.Carbon2.Hydrogen3.Oxygen

Function Of Carbohydrates

1. To provide energy (most important function)

2. Provide bulk in the diet3. Provide dietary fiber4. Assist in the metabolism of fats5. Spare protein for tissue

maintenance

Forms• Simple• Complex• Dietary Fibers

SimpleAKA: Sugars

ClassificationsMonosaccharidesDisaccharides

Characteristics• Water Soluble• Occur naturally (fruits, milk, honey)• Occur as refined sugars and syrups

ComplexAKA Starches

Classifications1.Starches2.Cellulose3.Fibers

Characteristicsa.Insolubleb.Polysaccharidesc.Found in plants, seeds, roots,&

tubers

Dietary FiberAKA Fiber

Classifications1. Soluble2.Insoluble

Charactersticsa. Indigestibleb. Provide no caloriesc. Found only in plant products

Advantages of Complex over Simple Carbohydrates

1. Gives a Feeling of Fullness2. Takes Longer to Digest3.Adds fiber to the Diet4. Contains many other nutrients5. Does not promote tooth decay6. Reduced spikes in blood sugar levels

Fruit Honey Milk Juices (100% and cocktails) Alcohol Syrups Cakes, cookies, candies Soda Added to many refined foods

Cereal Grains (wheat, oats, rice, etc)

Pasta Breads Legumes Vegetables Potatoes Anything made with flour

Vegetables Whole Grains Fruits Bran Flax Legumes

50- 60 %Recommended

This is disputable

They make you Fatmore fattening than protein

They cause diabetes

Energy Value

4 caloriesPer gram

Fiber has 0 calories