Carbon footprinting and labelling NACA R Mungkung [โหมด ...library.enaca.org/bmp/asean_foundation/carbon-foot...`On‐pack label `Point‐of‐sale information `CSR, Annual

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Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA

Dr Rattanawan MungkungDepartment of Environmental ScienceFaculty of Science, Kasetsart University

Email: [email protected]


Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA Dr Rattanawan Mungkung, EnvSc, KU 7 August09 at NACA


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Amount of the life cycle greenhouse gasemissions, expressed in terms of kg CO2equivalent (kg CO2e)


Raw material extraction

Manufacturing Distribution Consumption Waste disposal

= ? kg CO2e


GHG emissions arising from consumption of importing goods and services are greater than the emissions actually produced in the country

GHG i i f l d t


GHG emissions of several products are maximum during the use phase, not the production processing phase

Product carbon footprinting helps to identify hotspots in the whole life cycle so that reduction options can be pursued globally

Product


Service

Organisation

Measuring GHG emissions (carbon footprint)

Setting target and reducing carbon


emissions

Communicating carbon footprint to businesses (B2B) or end consumers (B2C)

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Benchmark for measuring and communicatingemission reductionsPrioritised areas of carbon reduction (i.e. costsaving opportunities)


Decisions on suppliers, materials, and productdesignsDemonstrate environmental leadership/CSRFulfill market requirementsDistinguish products among green consumers

Life Cycle Assessment (ISO 14040, ISO 14044) with the particular focus on Global Warming Potential


Existing ISO (ISO 14025, and ISO 14064)

National standards:PAS 2050: 2008 (UK)

“Bilan Carbone” (France)

Japanese guideline (Japan)


Japa ese gu de e (Japa )

Korean guideline (Korea)

Thai guideline (being developed)

ISO 14067 (Part I – Quantification; Part II –Communication) to be launched in 2010

Setting objective

Choosing product

Defining boundary


Building process map

Collecting data

Calculating CF

Reducing carbon footprinthigh‐level analysis

Communication


Communicationprecise datathird party verification

Largest emission reduction opportunitiesMost important from a differentiation orcompetitive perspectiveMost aligned brand/product with potential


emission reductions and marketingopportunitiesSupport from associated suppliersImpacts on key stakeholdersAvailability of resources and time

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Product’s measureable performance

Basis for product comparison


Consideration of efficiency, life span,and quality aspects


Manufacturing Distribution

= ? kg CO2eB2B



Manufacturing Distribution Consumption Waste disposal

= ? kg CO2e

B2C


Who are the key suppliers, retailers, wastemanagement companies?What information can they provide?How willing and/or able are they to support


How willing and/or able are they to supportthe project, e.g. are there any commercialsensitivities with the information they arebeing asked to provide?Who will take responsibility for therelationships?

Activity dataAll the material and energy amounts involved in theproduct’s life cycle (material inputs and outputs, energyused, transport, etc.)


Emission factorsGWP of GHGs compared to CO2

EFs provide the link that converts these quantities into theresulting GHG emissions: the amount of greenhouse gasesemitted per ‘unit’ of activity data (e.g. kg GHGs per kginput or per kWh energy used)

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Sum of all materials, energy and waste acrossall activities in a product’s life cycle multipliedby their emission factors


Carbon footprint =

Activity data (mass/volume/kWh/km) × Emission factor (CO2e per unit)

GHG GWP 100 years (IPCC, 2007)

CO2 1

CH4 25


N2O 298

HFCs 124 ‐ 14,800

PFCs 7,390 ‐ 12,200

SF6 22,800

Independent third‐party certification◦ accredited body will review the process used to estimate thecarbon footprint, check the data sources and calculations andcertify whether PAS 2050 has been used correctly and whetherthe assessment has achieved conformity

◦ required for external communication


equ ed o e e a co u ca o

Other‐party verification◦ non‐accredited third parties should demonstrate compliancewith recognised standards for certification bodies and providefor external validation on request

Self‐verification◦ if choosing to self‐verify, follow the method outlined in ISO14021


To assess GHG emissions and identifyoptions for reducing GHG emissions


IQF shrimp because of highest form ofexportingA consumer package (1 pound, or 453

) f IQF h i


grams) of IQF shrimp

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B2B or B2C?

Inputs/Outputs

Transport

Water, Energy Hatchery Post‐larvae

Transport

Feed ingred.

Feed mill Pellet feeds

Farm Shrimp

Wastewater

Transport

Wastewater

Post‐larvae

Feed

Broodstock

Water, Energy

Chemicals

Shrimp


Outputs

Process

Wastes

Transport

Processing IQF shrimp

Distribution

Consumption

Transport

Liquid N2/CO2

Packaging Wastewater

Petrol

Air emissions

Food/Packaging wasteElectricity

IQF shrimp

Transport

DisposalWastes Air emissions

Transport



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Primary dataPrimary data from hatchery, farm, feed mill, and

processing plant in terms of amount of raw materials,energy consumption, wastewater quality, and wastegeneration


Secondary dataProduction of raw materials (e.g. artemia cyst, soybean,fishmeal, liquid N2/CO2, etc.)Production of Thai electricity (including extraction or

primary energy resources)Transport (mode of transport, distance to transport,

carrying capacity per trip)

4

5

6kg CO2e

Waste disposal

Consumption

Distribution

P k i


0

1

2

3

Carbon footprint of 453 g IQF shrimp

Packaging

Processing

Farm

Hatchery

Farm is the key life cycle stagecontributing highest impactsUse of aerator for maintaining an optimaloxygen level in shrimp ponds, and use of


yg p p ,pellet feed to stimulate the shrimp’sgrowth are the main activities causinghigh impact on GWPOptimal aerator operation and FCR (FoodConversion Ratio)

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For product differentiation

For brand enhancement


For Corporate Social Responsibility


Low‐carbon seal

Carbon rating

Carbon score

On‐pack labelPoint‐of‐sale informationCSR, Annual report


Brochure (or supporting leaflet)CatalogueWebsite information



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Casino developed “I’ Indice Carbone Label” byusing LCA with the support from the Bio IntelligenceService (Bio IS)

E. Leclerc developed “E. Leclerc’s Carbon Labelling”by using LCA with the support from the Greenext


y g pp

The French Environment and Energy Agency(ADEME) developed “Bilan Carbone”

“Climatop” label

Hybrid EIO‐LCA


Firstly implemented by Migros with thesupport from Myclimate Company

Product Carbon Footprinting (“PCF”) Pilot projects conductedby WWF, Science Insitutes Öko‐Institut (Institute for AppliedEcology), Postdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK),THEMA1 and large companies

Using ISO 14040/44


Main purpose is not to develop an own method of PCF, butHow practical are the method up to now?What findings support the development of a consistentinternationally accepted methodology?How can PCF results be presented to consumers in asimple, credible and relevant to promoting climateconscious consumption habits?

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All life cycle stagesDifferent use patterns should be considered in case thatthe use phase has a significant influence on PCFShopping tour has a significant influence on PCF for somecases

Capital goods may be relevant for certain products and should


Capital goods may be relevant for certain products and shouldbe defined in PCRMass/economic allocation yields significant different results,this issues should be looked at closelyInclusion of green powerTreatment of air transportTreatment of carbon offsetting

“Climate‐friendly” label

Carbon label scheme is developed by theSwedish Organic Standard Association (KRAV)


Swedish Organic Standard Association (KRAV)

Firstly applied in local food products

“Certify Carbon Free Label” developed by the CarbonFund and the Edinburgh Centre for CarbonManagement by using ISO 14040/44/64 and CarbonTrust’s Carbon Footprint Measurement Methodology“Cli t C i L b l” d l d b th


“Climate Conscious Label” developed by theCalifornia-based Climate Conservancy: Gold, Silver,BronzeCoca Cola & PepsiCo is now working with Carbon

Trust

“Carbon Counted” label, displaying carbonscore

ISO 14064 14025 & PAS and use the


ISO 14064, 14025 & PAS and use theCarbonConnect database

40 pilot projects


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Greenhouse gas emission certificate:certification of carbon footprint for products and can be referred to as carbon emission baseline for the product.


Low‐carbon certificate:certifies that the greenhouse gas emission certified goods satisfy the minimum reduction target presented by the government based on the Carbon footprint labelling of the good concerned


The China Energy Conservation InvestmentCorporation (CECIC) is working with CarbonTrust, UKPAS 2050: 2008


S 050 00810 pilot projects, focusing on the exporting

goods

Thailand Greenhouse Gag ManagementOrganisation (Public Company) & ThailandEnvironmental Institute Criteria


Reduction of GHG at least 10% from 2002 to the latest 12months (company’s gate only)

Bio‐energy at least 95%Advance technology considered separately

25 products with carbon reduction label

GHG emissions in terms of CO2e


Commitment of GHG reduction

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Thailand Greenhouse Gas ManagementOrganisation (Public Company) & NationalMetals and Material Technology Centre


Life cycle GHG emissions with considerationsof PAS 2050 and available national guidelines

25 pioneering companies (expected to belaunched in November 2009)



Steamed oven chicken diced

Chicken snack

Canned tuna in sunflower oil

Sep08 –Mar09


Jasmine rice 100% (AA grade) Dried rice vermicelli/noodle

Canned pineapple in syrup

May08 –Aug09

Feb –Nov09

Carbon footprint calculator

Dec08–Apr09


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JERHIGH Chicken stick

Khiaw Wan Tuna SEALECT

Glutinous rice flour


Concentrated pineapple juice

CP Chicken meats CP Grilled chicken teriyaki

COTTO Wall tiles

Instant rice vermicelli

Jasmine rice 100% (early season)GOLDEN PHENIX

Scope of emissionSix GHGs (Kyoto Protocol) or all GHGs?

Life cycle stagesB2B/B2C & use phase?

System boundaryCapital goods, transport of workers/consumers, cut‐off, PCR?

OffsettingOffsetting included?

Data sources


Primary & secondary data requirement, data quality?Allocation

System expansion & Economic/mass allocation?End‐of‐life

Recycled scenarios?Carbon storage

Carbon storage, carbon capture, carbon sequestration?Land use change

GHG emissions from land use change included?

Type of carbon labellingLow‐carbon, carbon rating, carbon score?

B2B & B2COnly put label on finished products?

Group productsAverage CF for group products ?

Specific or average CFAverage CF of >1 production sites

Is carbon footprint ENOUGH to

compare products


Average CF of >1 production sitesAverage CF of several destinations

Comparing CF across countriesLevel of technology, energy sources, etc.

Will consumers choose based on carbon footprint?

CF can be a useful tool to assess GHG emissionsof aquaculture products leading to theidentification of strategies to reduce GHGemissions


CL of aquaculture products have a potential tomeet the market requirement and to enhancecompetitiveness, as well as to promote carbon‐conscious consumption

Required suppliers’ engagement or inventorydatabases or secondary data for aquaculturesuch as fishmeal/crop production, chemicalproduction, electricity production, liquid N2/CO2production, etc.


Required expertise in LCA of aquaculture

Process‐oriented certification or product‐oriented labelling easy to understand and moreeffective?

Documents

Carbon footprinting and labelling NACA R Mungkung [โหมด ...library.enaca.org/bmp/asean_foundation/carbon-foot...`On‐pack label `Point‐of‐sale information `CSR, Annual