Cardio System: Heart Anatomy

http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~johnson/teaching/transport/animations/HyperHeart.swf

The Cardiovascular SystemThe Cardiovascular SystemThe Cardiovascular System consists of the heart and the blood vessels

It is a closed system of blood vessels through which the blood, a fluid connective tissue, is propelled by the heart, a muscular pump

The heart functions to pump blood through the blood vessels to all body tissues, allowing for transport of nutrients, oxygen, CO2, wastes, and hormones

The Cardiovascular SystemThe Cardiovascular System

The heart is located in the thoracic cavity, In the mediastinal space,between the lungs

The heart is divided into a right and a left side

Right HeartReceives blood from the bodyContains deoxygenated bloodWill be pumped to the lungs

to receive oxygen

Left HeartReceives blood from the lungsContains oxygenated bloodWill be pumped to all body

tissues

The Cardiovascular SystemThe Cardiovascular System

There are three types of blood vessels

o Arterieso Carry blood away from the heart

o Veinso Return blood to the heart

o Capillarieso Allow exchange of substances between

the blood and extracellular fluid

Heart Anatomy

External View

Base

Apex

Heart Anatomy

External View

The Pericardium is the protective covering overthe heart.

Heart is located in the pericardial cavity

It has two functions:ProtectionReduce Friction

The pericardium covers and protects the heart

Photo of the pericardium cut open to show the heart

The pericardium protects the heart and also reduces friction as the heart beats

The pericardium has 2 layers

Fibrous layerTough outer layer Fibrous connective tissue

Serous layerDelicate inner layer Provides fluid for lubrication

Heart AnatomyThe pericardium has 2 layers

oFibrous Pericardium

oSerous Pericardium Parietal Layer

Pericardial Space

Visceral layer

(Epicardium)

The Heart Wall

The heart wall is made of three layers

Epicardium

Myocardium

Endocardium

The Heart Wall

There are three layers of the heart wall

Epicardium – outer layer (visceral pericardium)

Myocardium – middle layer

Makes up the majority of

the heart’s mass

Endocardium – inner layer

Lines the chambers, valves, vessels

The Heart WallThere are three layers of the heart wall

Epicardium Outer layerVisceral pericardium

Myocardium Middle layerMakes up the majority of

the heart’s mass

• Endocardium Inner layerLines the chambers, valves, vessels

Heart Chambers

There are 4 heart chambers

Right Atrium

Left Atrium

Right Ventricle

Left Ventricle

Heart Valves

There are 4 heart valves

Right Atrioventricular (A-V) Valve

Tricuspid

Left Atrioventricular (A-V) Valve

Bicuspid, Mitral

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

Aortic Semilunar Valve

Heart Valves

Blood Vessels

Blood Vessels

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava

Pulmonary Trunk

Pulmonary Arteries

Pulmonary Veins

Aorta

Coronary Blood Vessels

External View

Coronary blood vessels supply the myocardium with blood

Coronary ArteriesFirst Branches off the Aorta

Coronary VeinsReturn blood to the Cranial Vena Cava

Internal Anatomy

Muscular divisions

Interatrial Septum b/t atria; serves to separate artial bld

Interventricular Septumb/t ventricles; serves to separate ventricular bld

Atrioventricular Septumb/t ventricles; serves to separate artial bld and ventricle bld

Internal AnatomyChordae Tendinae

In ventricles; attach to mitral (bicuspid) and tricuspid valves and regulate opening and closing of valves.

Papillary MusclesIn ventricular wall; attach heart strings

Internal Anatomy

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Blood Flow Through the Heart

Blood enters the right and left atria

Blood is pumped to the lungs and body

Blood enters the ventricles

Blood Flow Through the HeartBlood returns to the heart from the cranial part of the body through the cranial vena cava, and from the caudal part of the body through the caudal vena cava,to the right atrium

It then flows as follows:

Right A-V Valve

Right Ventricle

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

Pulmonary Arteries (R & L) to the Lungs

Pulmonary Veins (R & L)

Left Atrium

Left A-V Valve

Left Ventricle

Aortic Semilunar Valve

Aorta to the body

• http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_pumping.html

More Practice

Heart Chambers

http://www.heartpoint.com/theheart.html