Carex Hands up for Carex Hands up for HygieneHygiene

Microbes Microbes

Secondary Interactive

Whiteboard Lesson Plan

Support

Lesson Objectives:

To understand the features of some microbes.

To understand the effects of microbes on the

body.

To understand the importance of good hygiene.

MicrobesMicrobes

Microbes and micro-organisms are tiny living organisms

that are so small they are invisible to the naked eye. You

need a microscope to see them.

There are three main types of microbes:

Bacteria

Viruses

Fungi

MicrobesMicrobes

Microbes can be both helpful to humans and harmful.

Can

you think of ways in which microbes can be useful and

ways in which they can be harmful?

Helpful

Harmful

MicrobesMicrobesHelpful

Microbes (bacteria) will grow in milk to make it ‘go off’. This is used in the yoghurt

making process. Cheese is also another product made due to the use of microbes

in industry.

Another type of microbe (fungi) are used to make Quorn which is a commonly

used meat substitute.

Yeast is a microbe which respires to give off carbon dioxide. This is used in baking

bread and in beer making.

HarmfulMicrobes can cause disease these are known as pathogens, the scientific name for a

germ.

The type of the disease and its severity depends on the microbe. Diseases caused by

microbes range from flu, athletes foot, chicken pox and food poisoning to cholera and

typhoid.

Bacteria Bacteria A bacterium (that’s one bacteria) is a simple creature made of just one cell.

Many bacteria have a long spinning tail that helps them move.

Bacteria are often no more than one thousandth of a millimetre long and come in different forms.

Bacteria can cause diseases such as food poisoning, cholera and typhoid.

Bacteria can multiply at incredibly fast speeds

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEwzDydciWc

BacillusRod Shaped

CoccusSpherical

Viruses Viruses

Viruses are the smallest of all microbes.

Viruses are non living microbes but they are not cells – they

consist of a protein coating and a strand of genes.

Viruses need a living host cell to allow them to reproduce and

survive.

Viruses cause the common cold and flu.

Viruses also cause things such as verrucas, cold sores and warts.

FungiFungi

There are many types of fungi including moulds, rusts, yeasts and mushrooms.

Fungi can live in water, in soil or on a damp surface.

Fungi can live for hundreds of years.

Mould Yeast – spores Yeast - hyphae

Growing BacteriaGrowing Bacteria

Water - Bacteria can’t grow without it.

Food - Any amount of material containing carbon.

Temperature - Optimum temperature 37ºC.

Time – Bacteria keeps on multiplying, the longer the time, the more will grow.

How do Microbes How do Microbes Spread?Spread?

The spreading of microbes and disease is known as transmission.

Microbes can be transmitted in a number of ways.

Air – a cough or sneeze can release millions of microbes into the air

which can then infect another person.

Water – dirty water can transmit a number of diseases such as

cholera.

Animals – an animal such as a mosquito can carry disease from

person to person and from water. Malaria is one such disease which

can be passed this way.

Contact – many microbes can be passed from person to person

through direct or indirect contact. Direct contact by hand or indirect

by touching a contaminated area and picking up the microbes.

How can we avoid bacteria and

viruses spreading?

Stopping InfectionStopping Infection

Washing hands with antibacterial hand wash and water.

Cleaning surfaces correctly.

Catching coughs and sneezes in a tissue.

Drinking clean water.

Protecting ourselves from insects and wild animals.

Did you know that washing your hands correctly is the best

way to avoid transmitting microbes?

Germ Kill and Hand Germ Kill and Hand WashingWashing

Take a look at this video showing how antibacterial hand wash

can kill

germs through hand washing.

Germ kill video clip to appear here

Correct Hand WashingCorrect Hand Washing

Watch this video to see how to correctly wash

your hands for at least 15 seconds.

Correct hand washing video to appear here