Catalyst # 3 Pg.11

1. What is the scientific name for a white blood cell?

2. What specific types of leukocytes are involved in the inflammatory response?

3. Why do you think there a multiple types of white blood cells?

Semester 2 Table of Contents

1. Unit 5 Learning Log- Pg. 1

2. Lesson 57- Viruses and Bacteria Pg. 3-6

3. Lesson 58- White Blood Cells Pg. 7-10

4. Lesson 59- Types of Immune Defenses Pg. 11-14

Assigned Vocabulary- Due: 1/30-1/31

7. Antibody8. Antigen9. Specific Immunity10. Non Specific Immunity

Vocabulary Due TODAY1. Virus2. Host cell3. Macrophage4. Lymphocyte5. Neutrophil6. Leukocyte

Homework Questions Review1. What is the function of the immune system and what structures of the body are involved with the immune system?The function of the immune system is to protect the body from foreign pathogens. The specific parts of the body involved with the immune system include the spleen, thymus, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes.

2. Why is the skin considered the first line of defense for the immune system?The skin is considered to be the first line of defense because it is the first thing that pathogens come in contact with before infecting the body. The skin uses chemical secretions in order to kill any pathogens that try to get past its physical barrier.

3. Identify and explain the function of the 3 types of granular and agranular cells.The 3 types of granular cells are neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils. Neutrophils are responsible for eating small particles, basophils kill parasites, and eosinophils release histamines to increase blood flow to infected sites. The types of agranular cells are macrophages, lymphocytes, and monocytes. Macrophages eat large particles, lymphocytes create antibodies, and monocytes trigger the inflammation process. 4. Why do you think neutrophils are the most common type of white blood cell? Do you think there is an advantage to neutrophils being the most common type of white blood cell?Neutrophils are probably the most common type of white blood cell due to the fact that this cell is being use most often in the body. The majority of particles that enter the body are often small, and can therefore be combatted by the neutrophil.

Announcements• Vocabulary Due- Next Th/Fri• Homework Questions Due- Mon/Tues• 1st Quiz of the Semester- Next Th/Fri

Get Ready for a Quiz

• BEHAVIORAL EXPECTATIONS:– Noise Level 0- SILENT– Facing forward– Head up

• DIRECTIONS:– Complete the test front and back– Wait silently when you are done

Quiz Corrections

• BEHAVIORAL EXPECTATIONS:– Noise Level 1- Whisper– Facing Forward

• DIRECTIONS:– Write CB at the top– Put slash through the wrong answer– Write how many correct out of 10 at top

• EX: 8/10– Circle the equivalency score: 4, 3, 2, 1

Pre- Reading NotesPg. 12-13

• BEHAVIORAL EXPECTATIONS:– Noise Level 0- Silent– Independent– Head Up/Facing Forward

• DIRECTIONS:– Read each ppt slide– DO NOT write your notes down yets– Try to learn the information on your own first– After reading ALL slides, try to answer the homework questions

• On either a separate sheet of paper attached to pg. 13• Or on the margins/sides of pg. 12-13

Think Pair Share• Turn to your elbow partner and share how this

information connects to previous content.– We learned about ____ in the past. This

information connects to that because _____.

• Tell your partner the most important piece of information you learned from the notes. – From this information I learned __________

Get Ready For Notes- Pg. 12-13 Title: Types of Immune

System Defenses

• Behavioral Expectations:– Noise Level 0: Silent– Head Up– Facing Forward

Learning Target• Explain the mechanisms the

immune system uses to fight infection.

Antibodies-NOTE: In the movie- B cells are a type of lymphocyte

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KpNFAEbLcvk&feature=related

3D:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrYlZJiuf18

&feature=related

What kind of mechanisms does our immune system have to fight

disease?

A. Reminders: Pathogen = any agent (thing)

that causes disease. ex: bacteria, viruses, microbes, etc. The immune system fights infection by

trying to keep you healthy.

B.

There are two ways it does this: 1. Nonspecific Responses2. Specific Responses

1. Nonspecific Defenses• EX: Your skin secretes oil and sweat, which

help to kill bacteria (makes the skin acidic, bacteria don’t like to live in these conditions).

• Other examples: mucus, tears, inflammation, and fever

• Inflammation-when part of the body becomes reddened, swollen, hot, and often painful– a reaction to injury or infection.

2. Specific Defenses= ways that your body specifically fights against

certain pathogens.

ex: antibodies, produced by white blood cells

• If a pathogen is able to get past the body’s nonspecific defenses, the immune system reacts with specific defenses.

• Specific defenses that attack the particular pathogen (disease-causing agent) are called immune responses.

• This is triggered by an antigen.

2. Continued

3. Antigens– What is an antigen?

• Anything that triggers an immune response – like an ID card of pathogens (ex: virus, bacteria, other pathogens)

• Each pathogen has its own antigen

4. Antigens on Pathogens

Antigens are how your immune system knows what to attack.

Cells, bacteria, viruses, etc. have special things on them that help your immune system to either recognize them (because they are part of your body) or see that they are invaders and should be attacked.

These protein markers are called: Antigens.

5. To fight against pathogens …Once your immune system sees that an

invading pathogen has antigens (markers/IDs) that it does not recognize, it decides to FIGHT against it!

WHITE BLOOD CELLS create little proteins to recognize the pathogens. These are specific to that certain type of pathogen and help destroy the invaders.

These = ANTIBODIES

6. White Blood Cells– Look for the protein markers (ANTIGENS)

on pathogens• When they see a pathogen, they

create little proteins to attach to the pathogen

• ***These proteins that attach to pathogens are called Antibodies****

• What are Antibodies?– Antibodies are proteins that recognize

and bind to antigens (of pathogens)

• What do antibodies do?– Antibodies are carried in the

bloodstream to attach to the pathogen and signal an immune response

– As the antibodies overcome the infection, the plasma cells die out and stop producing antibodies

7. Antibodies

Your body produces hundreds of antibodies just in case some happen to fit actual antigens!

* Antibodies have a specific shape and fit with a certain pathogen’s antigen

Antibodies

Which of the following is a SPECIFIC defense??

A. White blood cellsB. Skin

Which of the following is a NON-SPECIFIC defense??

A. White blood cellsB. Skin

Homework Questions Due:1. What is the difference between specific and

non specific defense?2. What is the role of an antibody?3. Why do you think the body has developed 2

different types of immune defenses?

Literature Circle- Pg. 14• BEHAVIORAL EXPECTATIONS:

– Noise Level 0- Silent– Independent– Head Up/Facing Forward

• DIRECTIONS:

– Choose a specific job– Follow each job’s specific instructions– Write answers in your notebook on pg. 14

Preview Information That Is Coming Up

• https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/immunology/v/types-of-immune-responses--innate-and-adaptive---humoral-vs--cell-mediated