Causes of World War One:Causes of World War One:After the assassinationAfter the assassination

Why were these Why were these alliances formed? – alliances formed? –

Colonial and Economic Colonial and Economic rivalryrivalry

Colonial RivalryColonial RivalryMorocco, 1905 & 1911Morocco, 1905 & 1911

BackgroundBackground: France and Britain : France and Britain agreed that Britain could have freedom agreed that Britain could have freedom to control Egypt and that Britain would to control Egypt and that Britain would

help France to take over control of help France to take over control of Morocco.Morocco.

1905: The First Moroccan Crisis1905: The First Moroccan Crisis

Kaiser William made his infamous Kaiser William made his infamous Tangiers SpeechTangiers Speech. Wishing to . Wishing to frustrate French efforts to take frustrate French efforts to take over Morocco, William sailed to over Morocco, William sailed to Tangiers and made a menacing Tangiers and made a menacing speech. speech. He supported the independence of He supported the independence of Morocco and demanded an Morocco and demanded an international conference to discuss international conference to discuss Morocco's future. Morocco's future. Clearly this was provocative to the Clearly this was provocative to the French. The French suspected the French. The French suspected the German leader of trying to break German leader of trying to break up the up the Entente CordialeEntente Cordiale. . The conference to discuss The conference to discuss Morocco's future met in Algeçiras Morocco's future met in Algeçiras in 1906. At the conference Britain in 1906. At the conference Britain fully supported France - to the fully supported France - to the disappointment of Germany. disappointment of Germany.

1911: The Second Moroccan 1911: The Second Moroccan CrisisCrisis

Following disturbances in the Following disturbances in the country the Sultan asked the country the Sultan asked the French to send in troops to French to send in troops to 'restore order'. 'restore order'. Germany was alarmed at this Germany was alarmed at this growth of French power and growth of French power and sent a gunboat, the Panther, to sent a gunboat, the Panther, to the port of Agadir. the port of Agadir. They claimed this was to They claimed this was to protect German interests. protect German interests. Lloyd George, in his Mansion Lloyd George, in his Mansion House speech, once again House speech, once again supported France: “Britain supported France: “Britain would prefer a war to a would prefer a war to a European pacification European pacification achieved at the cost of her achieved at the cost of her honour”. Once again, Germany honour”. Once again, Germany had to back down.had to back down.

Question:Question:

Do you think Do you think Germany’s actions Germany’s actions were motivated by were motivated by growing confidence or growing confidence or by a lack of by a lack of confidence? Explain confidence? Explain your answer. your answer.

Economic RivalryEconomic RivalryBackgroundBackground: There was also growing : There was also growing tension between Germany and Britain tension between Germany and Britain

economically. Britain was the first country to economically. Britain was the first country to industrialise and for many years dominated industrialise and for many years dominated Europe economically. However, Germany Europe economically. However, Germany

rapidly caught up after her unification in 1871. rapidly caught up after her unification in 1871. By 1900 it rivalled the more-established By 1900 it rivalled the more-established British economy as the world's largest. British economy as the world's largest.

Primary IndustriesPrimary Industries

German coal production, about one-third of German coal production, about one-third of Britain's in 1880, increased sixfold by 1913, Britain's in 1880, increased sixfold by 1913, almost equaling British yields that year. almost equaling British yields that year. German steel production increased more than German steel production increased more than tenfold in the same period, surpassing British tenfold in the same period, surpassing British production by far. production by far. She soon had England on the defensive through She soon had England on the defensive through the production of cheap and poorer-quality, the production of cheap and poorer-quality, though eminently more saleable, industrial though eminently more saleable, industrial goods for a world market. goods for a world market.

Secondary IndustriesSecondary Industries

Germany also took an early lead in the Germany also took an early lead in the chemical and electrical industries. chemical and electrical industries.

In chemistry, companies like BASF In chemistry, companies like BASF became renowned for their discoveries, became renowned for their discoveries, and in electricity, by 1914 the country was and in electricity, by 1914 the country was producing half the world's electrical producing half the world's electrical equipment. equipment.

QuestionQuestion

In what ways were economic and colonial In what ways were economic and colonial rivalry connected? Explain your answer.rivalry connected? Explain your answer.

The German Navy will rival the British The German Navy will rival the British Navy by 1914.Navy by 1914.