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K. Watanabe - 1
305-8572 1-1-1
Relationships between International Agreements on Biodiversity and Academic Research
Kazuo Watanabe
Gene Research Center (Faculty of Life & Environmental Sciences),
University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
1. ,
, . , ,
, ,
(Watanabe et al. 1998, Watanabe & Komamine 2000)
,
( 2001, 2002). ,
. ,
, ( , Watanabe et al. 1998, 2012).
,
(access and benefit sharing, ABS) ( 2011a).
, ,
(Chapman &
Watanabe 2007, Watanabe & Komamine).
,
.
植物科学最前線 5: 53 ( 2014)
BSJ- Revi ew 5: 53 ( 2014)
K. Watanabe - 2
,
.
.
biopiracy, (http://www.twnside.org.sg/,
http://www.etcgroup.org/ ) , , NGO
,
1980 s FAO
1992(1993 - ( 8j, 15, 16, 19
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2000 FAO
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(FAO )
2010- FAO IT
2010 •
! • . • . • . • .
植物科学最前線 5: 54 ( 2014)
BSJ- Revi ew 5: 54 ( 2014)
K. Watanabe - 3
. , , (misappropriation)
. ABS ,
,
(Okada & Watanabe
2008a,b)
2. : ,
(CBD, http://www.cbd.int) (UPOV,
http://www.upov.int/ ),
(http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/registration/budapest/trtdocs_wo048.html ) .
FAO IT PGR FA (FAO International Treaty on Plant
Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, http://www.fao.org/AG/cgrfa/itpgr.htm) 2001
, 2004 ( 2004). , ,
, FAO IT PGR FA
. 2013 30 , 2013 10
28 . , .
, (CITES, http://www.cites.org/ )
(http://www.ramsar.org/ ) . ,
(WIPO, http://www.wipo.int/portal/index.html.en ), (TRIPS,
http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/trips_e/trips_e.htm ) . ,
,
www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/ipr/, http://www.mofa-irc.go.jp/link/kikan_info/,
http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/kankyo/jyoyaku/).
,
(ABS, Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and
Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization) 2001
. , ABS
(Watanabe and Teh 2011).
Okada & Watanabe (2008a,b) .
植物科学最前線 5: 55 ( 2014)
BSJ- Revi ew 5: 55 ( 2014)
K. Watanabe - 4
3.
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(Bonn Guidelines on Access to Genetic Resources and Fair and
Equitable Sharing of the Benefits Arising out of their Utilization, http://www.cbd.int/abs/bonn/)
2002 CBD COP-6 VI/24 , ABS
, FAO ,
, CBD ,
2004, 2008 .
植物科学最前線 5: 56 ( 2014)
BSJ- Revi ew 5: 56 ( 2014)
K. Watanabe - 5
.
5. CBD COP-10 2010 10 CBD 10 (COP-10) ,
. , , ,
, , , ,
COP-10
(Fair and Equitable Access and Benefit Sharing on Genetic Resources, ABS)
. , , CEPA, Communication, Education and Public
Awareness . , CBD
.
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植物科学最前線 5: 57 ( 2014)
BSJ- Revi ew 5: 57 ( 2014)
K. Watanabe - 6
, ,
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, ,
. 2013 ,
, 2010 .
. 8
,
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. , .
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Terms, MAT) (Material Transfer Agreement, MTA)
. , ,
.
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. ,
,
植物科学最前線 5: 58 ( 2014)
BSJ- Revi ew 5: 58 ( 2014)
K. Watanabe - 7
,
,
(Cunningham et al. 2005).
6. ,
,
. 2002 (WSSD, World
Summit on Sustainable Development, http://www.un.org/events/wssd/) 2005
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (http://www.millenniumassessment.org/en/index.aspx)
, . ,
. 2012
RIO + 20(http://www.uncsd2012.org/rio20/)
. , CBD ABS
,
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, FAO IT , CBD
. , ABS ,
. ,
, ABS
, .
,
.
, ,
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, ,
(UNRTDG) . ,
, ,
.
植物科学最前線 5: 59 ( 2014)
BSJ- Revi ew 5: 59 ( 2014)
K. Watanabe - 8
, (2012) , . ,
(SATREPS)
A 25257416 .
Chapman, J. & Watanabe, K.N. 2007. Chap 17. 6.C urrent issues on IP management for health
and agriculture in Japan. In. Krattger, A. et al. (eds). MIHR-PIPRA HANDBOOK OF BEST
PRACTICES FOR MANAGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN HEALTH AND
AGRICULTURE. pp1621-1650. Univ. California, Davis, USA.
Cunningham, D., Richerzhagen, C., Tobin, B. Watanabe, K.N. 2005. Tracking genetic
resources and international access and benefit-sharing governance: the role of certificates of
origin. Work in Progress United Nations Univ. 17(2): 9-12.
Okada, Y., & Watanabe, K.N. 2008a. Social responsibility for the use of genes, genomes and
biotechnology in biotechnology companies: A commentary from the bioethical viewpoint. J.
Comm. Biotechnol. 14(2): 149-167.
Okada, Y., & Watanabe, K.N. 2008b. Rationalization of the genes as a corporate stakeholders
based on international laws. J. Intl. Biotechnol. Laws 5: 103-112.
2001. .
43 83-86. . , .
2002. .
25(4,5): 31-41.
2004. .
3: 233-238.
2008. . . (( )
) 7-17.
2011a. COP-10 CBD . 33(2):
11-18.
2011b. . AFC 2011 (4): 2.
.
2012. . . pp190-205.
( ) . , .
植物科学最前線 5: 60 ( 2014)
BSJ- Revi ew 5: 60 ( 2014)
K. Watanabe - 9
Watanabe, K. N., Rao V. R. & Iwanaga, M. 1998. International Trends on the Conservation and
Use of Plant Genetic Resources. Plant Biotechnol. 15:115-122.
Watanabe, K. N. & A. Komamine, A. (Eds./authors) 2000. Challenge of Plant and Agricultural
Sciences to the Crisis of Biosphere on the Earth in the 21st Century. 309p. Landes Bioscience,
Austin TX, USA.
Watanabe, K. N. & A. Komamine, A. 2004. Issues on Intellectual Property Rights Associated
with Agro-Biotechnology in Japan. In: Erbisch, F.H. & Maredia, K.M. (Eds.) Intellectual
Property Rights in Agricultural Biotechnology. 2nd edition. pp187-200. Michigan State
Unversity, East Lansing and C.A.B. International, Wallingford UK.
Watanabe, K. N. & Teh, G.H. 2011. Wanted: bioprospecting consultants. Nature Biotechnol. 27:
873-875.
植物科学最前線 5: 61 ( 2014)
BSJ- Revi ew 5: 61 ( 2014)
M. Horikami - 1
100-8975 1-2-2
Progress of consultative committee on the domestic measures for the implementation of the Nagoya Protocol
Masaru Horikami
Office for Mainstreaming Biodiversity, Biodiversity Policy Division, Nature Conservation Bureau, Ministry of the Environment
1-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 100-8975, Japan
2010 10 10COP10
Access and Benefit-Sharing ABS 15
(PIC: Prior Informed Consent)
(MAT: Mutually Agreed Terms)MAT
PIC
PIC /MAT
ABS 2011 2012
2011 5 11 91 EU 2013
植物科学最前線 5: 62 ( 2014)
BSJ- Revi ew 5: 62 ( 2014)
M. Horikami - 2
20 50 90
ABS
COP10
COP10 10
(COP10) COP10 MOP5
COP10 2015
162012-2020 2012 9 28
D-3 2015
2012
14http://www.en
v.go.jp/nature/biodic/abs/conf01.html
植物科学最前線 5: 63 ( 2014)
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M. Horikami - 3
ABS
15 16 176
201311
2012 14
2012 27
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EU
2012 12 26
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2013
10 2013 29
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植物科学最前線 5: 64 ( 2014)
BSJ- Revi ew 5: 64 ( 2014)
M. Horikami - 4
15 16
11 12 11
2013 20
EU EUEU
EU 2014 10 COP12
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M. Horikami - 5
植物科学最前線 5: 66 ( 2014)
BSJ- Revi ew 5: 66 ( 2014)
M. Suzuki - 1
ABS
411-8540 1111
Issues of domestic implementation of Nagoya Protocol in Academia
Mutsuaki Suzuki
ABS Academia Team, National Institute of Genetics,
Yata 1111, Japan
1. 2010 Secretariat of the CBD,2010 10
(COP10)
50 90 2014
10 COP12 COP10
2015
2. 1993
2002
2010 10 COP10
COP10
植物科学最前線 5: 67 ( 2014)
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M. Suzuki - 2
2011
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1
3.
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植物科学最前線 5: 68 ( 2014)
BSJ- Revi ew 5: 68 ( 2014)
M. Suzuki - 3
4. (ICNP-1,ICNP-2)
ICNP-2
COP12 2012 10
(The Convention on Biological Diversity, 2012)
(Susette Biber-Klemm 2013)
ABS
EU
ABS $%>$ ABS
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植物科学最前線 5: 69 ( 2014)
BSJ- Revi ew 5: 69 ( 2014)
M. Suzuki - 4
(European Commission,2011)
EU
5.
(Swiss Academy of Sciences)
4 5 6
7
8 9
10 11 12 1 14 15 16 17
植物科学最前線 5: 70 ( 2014)
BSJ- Revi ew 5: 70 ( 2014)
M. Suzuki - 5
(4)
(5)
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Botanic Gardens
6.
HP
1) 2) 3)
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17 18 19
植物科学最前線 5: 71 ( 2014)
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M. Suzuki - 6
4) (1993)
5) PIC
7.
ABS
Secretariat of the CBD, 2010, The Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing,
http://www.cbd.int/abs/
2011, Bio Resource Now, Vol.7 (1)
P2
The Convention on Biological Diversity 2012, COP11 Decisions XI/1.
https://www.cbd.int/doc/decisions/ cop-11/cop-11-dec-01-en.pdf
Susette Biber-Klemm 2013
http://abs-swiss.sakuraweb.com/_src/sc337/95F18D908F91288Du898993E097e81E83p83l8
38B81E83v838D83t834083C838B81E89p8CEA83X838983C83h81j.pdf
European Commission, Consultation 2011.
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M. Suzuki - 7
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/consultations/abs_en.htm
Swiss Academy of Sciences,
http://abs.scnat.ch/downloads/documents/NonCommResearch_ABS_Agreement.pdf
http://www.shigen.nig.ac.jp/shigen/news/n_letter/2011/nl201101.pdf
Kew Royal Botanic Gardens
http://www.kew.org/conservation/CBD_for_Botanists/CBD_for_Botanists_V2.pdf
HP
http://www.env.go.jp/nature/biodic/abs/conf01.html
植物科学最前線 5: 73 ( 2014)
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N. Murakami-1
ABS
192-0397 1-1
Domestic measures for the implementation of the Nagoya Protocol in Japan and its possible effects on the expedition and researches in foreign countries by Japanese
botanists
Noriaki Murakami Makin Herbarium, Tokyo Metropolitan University
1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397
1.
Access and Benefit-Sharing: ABS
DNAPCR
Access 1992 1993
ABS
植物科学最前線 5: 74 ( 2014)
BSJ- Revi ew 5: 74 ( 2014)
N. Murakami-2
2. ABS
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ABS2010 10 COP10
ABS ABS1
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3. ABS COP10
( )
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植物科学最前線 5: 75 ( 2014)
BSJ- Revi ew 5: 75 ( 2014)
N. Murakami-3
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4. ABS
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12ABS
5.
植物科学最前線 5: 76 ( 2014)
BSJ- Revi ew 5: 76 ( 2014)
N. Murakami-4
ABS
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MAT
2
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PIC MAT
MAT
MAT
植物科学最前線 5: 77 ( 2014)
BSJ- Revi ew 5: 77 ( 2014)
N. Murakami-5
6. 1980
ABSABS
ABS
植物科学最前線 5: 78 ( 2014)
BSJ- Revi ew 5: 78 ( 2014)
H. Nishida - 1
ABS
* *112-8551 1-13-27
Natural History Collections and ABS
Key Words: collection, museum, science council, treasure
Harufumi Nishida *Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Chuo University;
Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo *1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 112-8551 Japan
ABS ABS
ICSU 2011 9 Advisory Note “Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) System” ABS
(Mitigate the biodiversity crisis)“Scientific organisations should point out to national governments that an overly restrictive implementation of the ABS system could ultimately lead to the abandonment of academic non-commercial research and delay or prevent obtaining knowledge urgently needed for the
conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity.”
ABSABS
ABS
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H. Nishida - 2
2011 3( 2011ab,
2011)
20052003ab, 2005, 2007ab, 2010
2011( 2010)
2
2 ABS
2011 3.11
25 1950
( 1950)
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植物科学最前線 5: 80 ( 2014)
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H. Nishida - 3
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植物科学最前線 5: 81 ( 2014)
BSJ- Revi ew 5: 81 ( 2014)
H. Nishida - 4
2014 2 25
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2011Cultivate 38: 6-15
1950 2005 : 35: 3-5 2010 2
15: 109-113 2011a
16: 34-35
2011b JAPAN pp 70-73
2003a
2003b
2005
2007a
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H. Nishida - 5
2007b 2010.
. 2011. : 41:
5-7
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