A. ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - HỌC KÌ III. Cách sử dụng đại từ quan hệ và trạng từ quan hệ

1. Đại từ quan hệ: who, whom, whose, which, that. Who: được dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người và làm chủ ngữ cho động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ (……

N + who + V)The man who is standing over there is my father. N who V

Whom: được dùng thay thế cho một danh từ chỉ người và làm tân ngữ cho động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ. (……N + whom + S + V)

The man whom you met yesterday is my brother. N whom S V

Whose: là đại từ quan hệ sở hữu, thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc danh từ chỉ vật (thay cho: his, her, its, their, Tom’s…)

The house whose windows are broken is mine. N whose N V1 V2

+ Riêng danh từ chỉ vật có thể thay thế bằng the + N + of whichExample: The house the window of which are broken is mine

Which: được dùng làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ thay thế cho danh từ chỉ đồ vật, con vật hoặc sự việc.Example: This is the book which I like best.

That: được dùng thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc chỉ vật, hoặc chủ ngữ gồm cả người và vật, sau những đại từ không xác định, hoặc sau dạng so sánh nhất…

Example: - That is the bicycle that/ which belongs to Tom. - The architect who/ that designed this building is very famous.

2. Trạng từ quan hệ: why, where, when. Why: mở đầu cho một mệnh đề quan hệ để chỉ nguyên nhân, lí do.(có thể thay thế bằng That)

I don’t know the reason why/ that you didn’t go to school yesterday. Where (=on, in, at which) mở đầu cho một mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ địa điểm nơi chốn.

The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean.= The hotel in which we stayed wasn’t very clean.

When (=on/ in/ at which) mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ thời gian. (có thể thay thế bằng That)I will never forget the day when/ that I first met my husband

II. Vị trí của giới từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ Trong mệnh đề quan hệ, khi đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ cho giới từ thì thường được đặt ở 2 vị trí: trước đại

từ quan hệ WHOM, WHICH hoặc sau động từ. Trong lối văn phong trang trọng, giới từ được đứng trước đaị từ quan hệ WHOM, WHICH

The man to whom my mother is talking is my form teacher. Trong lối nói thân mật, giới từ thường đứng sau động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ

The man whom my mother is talking to is my form teacher. chú ý: * không dùng giới từ với THAT hoặc WHO

* Với cụm động từ (phrasal verb) thì giới từ không được dùng trước WHOM và WHICH* giới từ WITHOUT không được dùng ở vị trí sau động từThe woman without whom I can’t live is Jane.

III. Các loại mệnh đề quan hệ1. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (Defining Relative Clause): là mệnh đề được dùng để xác định danh từ đứng

trước nó. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định là mệnh đề cần thiết cho ý nghĩa của câu, không có nó câu sẽ không đủ nghĩa.

The man who robbed you has been arrested. trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định có thể bỏ các đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ: whom, which, that và các trạng từ

quan hệ trong lối văn thân mậtThe book you lent me was very interesting.Do you remember the day we met each other?

2. Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (Non – defining relative clause): là mệnh đề cung cấp thêmthông tin về một người, một vật hoặc một sự việc đã được xác định. Đây là mệnh đề không nhất thiết phải có trong câu, không có nó câu vẫn đủ nghĩa. Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định được tách khỏi mệnh đề chính bởi dấu phẩy hoặc dấu gạch ngang.

That man, who lives in the next flat, looks very lonely.The book “Jane Eyre”, which I was reading, is really good.

Không dùng đại từ quan hệ THAT trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định Những từ đứng trước mệnh đề quan hệ thường: Tên riêng, tính từ sở hữu, This, That, These, Those...

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Không thể bỏ các đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ WHOM, WHICH và các trạng từ WHERE, WHEN, WHY trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định

Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định WHICH có thể được dùng để thay thế cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước nó Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định, các cụm từ chỉ số lượng: all of/ most of/ neither of/ many of… có thể

được dùng với WHOM, WHICH và WHOSEMary has three brothers, all of whom are married.

IV. Dạng rút gọn của mệnh đề quan hệ: 1. Cụm phân từa) Hiện tại phân từ (V_ing ): được dùng khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ chia ở các thì hiện tại đơn, hiện

tại tiếp diễn, quá khứ đơn, quá khứ tiếp diễn, hoặc khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ diễn tả mong muốn, hi vọng, mong đợi..

That man, who is sitting next to Mary, is my uncle.That man, sitting next to Mary, is my uncle

b) Quá khứ phân từ (VPP): quá khứ phân từ đựơc dùng khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng bị động.The boy who was injured in the accident was taken to the hospital.The boy injured in the accident was taken to the hospital.

2. Động từ nguyên mẫu (To infinitive): được dùng sau The first, the second,…, the last, the only, động từ khuyết thiếu, hoặc sau cấp so sánh cao nhất.

The captain was the last person who left the ship.The captain was the last person to leave the ship.Here is a form that you must fill in.Here is a form for you to fill in.

* khi đại từ quan hệ who(m), which, that đứng làm tân ngữ hoặc bổ ngữ thì ta có thể lựơc bỏ đại từ quan hệThe man who(m) you met yesterday is my friend.The man you met yesterday is my friend.

V. Câu nhấn mạnh (Cleft sentences)1. Câu nhấn mạnh chủ ngữ (subject focus)

It is/ was + S + that/ who + V…: Chính ai đó làm gì….The boy visited his uncle last month.It was the boy that/ who visited his uncle last month

2. Câu nhấn mạnh tân ngữ (Object focus)It is/ was + O + That/ Who + S + VThe boy is learning English.It is English that the boy is learning

3. Câu nhấn mạnh trạng từ (Adverbial focus)It is/ was + Adv. of place/ time + that + S + V + (O)She bought him a present at the shop It was at the shop that she bought him a present

4. Câu nhấn mạnh bị độngIt is/ was + O + that + is/ are/ was/ were + VppPeople talked a lot about his house.It was his house that was talked a lot about

VI. Liên từ cặp đôi (Conjunctions)Both …and: vừa…vừa, cả…vàNot only…but also: không những…mà cònEither…or: hoặc cái này, hoặc cái kiaNeither… nor: không cái này cũng không cái kia

Both + N + and + N + V (plural): Both Mary and Tom are students. S + V + both + N + and + N: She plays both tennis and badminton S + both + V + and + V: He both sings and dances. S + be + both + adj + and + adj: She is both beautiful and intelligent. S + V + both + Adv. phrase + and + Adv. phrase: We go to school both in the morning and in the

afternoon Cách dùng Not only…but also, either …or, neither…nor tương tự như both and tuy nhiên trong các cấu

trúc này động từ chia phù hợp với chủ ngữ thứ 2 (đứng gần động từ nhất), còn Both …and động từ luôn chia ở dạng số nhiều

B. Can, could and be able to2

A Chúng ta dùng can để nói một sự việc có thể xảy ra hay ai đó có khả năng làm được việc gì. Chúng ta dùng can+infinitive (can do/can see… )We can see the lake from our bedroom window.Chúng ta có thể nhìn thấy cái hồ từ cửa sổ phòng ngủ.Can you speak any foreign languages?Bạn có nói được một ngoại ngữ nào không?I can come and see you tomorrow if you like.Tôi có thể đến thăm bạn vào ngày mai nếu bạn muốn.Dạng phủ định của can là can’t (=cannot)I’m afraid I can’t come to the party on Friday.Tôi e rằng tôi không thể đi dự tiệc vào ngày thứ sáu.B (Be) able to… có thể thay thế được cho can (nhưng can vẫn được dùng nhiều hơn)Are you able to speak any foreign languages?Bạn có thể nói được một ngoại ngữ nào không?Nhưng can chỉ có hai dạng can (present) và could (past) nên khi cần thiết chúng ta phải dùng (Be) able to… Hãy so sánh:I can’t sleep.Tôi không ngủ được.Nhưng I haven’t been able to sleep recently. (can không có present perfect)Gần đây tôi không ngủ được.Tom can come tomorrow.Ngày mai Tom có thể đến.NhưngTom might be able to come tomorrow. (can không có infinitive)Ngày mai Tom có khả năng sẽ đến.C Could và was able to…Đôi khi could là dạng quá khứ của can. Chúng ta dùng could đặc biệt với:see hear smell taste feel remember understandWhen we went into the house, we could smell burning.Khi chúng tôi đi vào căn nhà, chúng tôi có thể ngửi được mùi cháy.She spoke in a very low voice, but I could understand what she said.Cô ấy đã nói giọng rất trầm, nhưng tôi có thể hiểu cô ấy nói gì.Chúng ta dùng could để diễn tả ai đó là có khả năng nói chung hay được phép để làm điều gì đó.My grandfather could speak five languages.Ông tôi có thể nói được năm ngoại ngữWe were completely free. We could do what we wanted. (= we were allowed to do…)Chúng ta đã hoàn toàn tự do. Chúng ta có thể làm những gì mà chúng ta muốn (= chúng ta đã được phép làm…)D Chúng ta dùng could để chỉ khả năng nói chung (general ability). Nhưng để đề cập tới một sự việc xảy ra trong một tình huống đặc biệt (particular situation), chúng ta dùng was/were able to… (không dùng could)The fire spread through the building quickly but everybody was able to escape or … everybody managed to escape (but not ‘could escape’)Ngọn lửa lan nhanh trong tòa nhà nhưng mọi người đã có thể chạy thoát được.They didn’t want to come with us at first but we managed to persuade them or … we were able to persuade them (but not ‘could persuade’)Lúc đầu họ không muốn đến nhưng sau đó chúng tôi đã thuyết phục được họ.E Hãy so sánh:Jack was an excellent tennis player. He could beat anybody. (= He had the general ability to beat anybody)

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Jack là một vận động viên quần vợt cừ khôi. Anh ấy có thể đánh bại bất cứ ai. (=anh ấy có một khả năng nói chung là đánh bại bất cứ ai)NhưngJack and Alf had a game of tennis yesterday. Alf played very well but in the end Jack managed to beat him or… was able to beat him (= he managed to beat him in this particular game)Jack và Alf đã thi đấu quần vợt với nhau ngày hôm qua. Alf đã chơi rất hay nhưng cuối cùng Jack đã có thể hạ được Alf. (= Jack đã thắng được anh ấy trong trận đấu đặc biệt này)Dạng phủ định couldn’t (could not) có thể được dùng cho tất cả các trường hợp:My grandfather couldn’t swim.Ông tôi không biết bơi.We tried hard but we couldn’t persuade them to come with us.Chúng tôi đã cố gắng rất nhiều nhưng không thể nào thuyết phục họ đến với chúng tôi được.Alf played well but he couldn’t beat Jack.Alf đã chơi rất hay nhưng không thể thắng được Jack………………………………………………………………………………………………………

C. Tag questionTag question is used to open a conversation.The speaker uses a tag question because he expects the listener to agree with him.- The speaker gives his idea while asking a question at the same time.Structure

Affirmative statement +

negative tag?

Negative statement +

affirmative tag?

Eg: Ann lives here, doesn’t she? They didn’t go to the movie last night, did they?- The expected answer is the same form (negative or affirmative) as main clause. Eg: You know Bob Wilson, don’t you? Yes, I do (I know Bob Wilson) No, I don’t (I don’t know Bob Wilson)- Use the Aux of the tense in the main clause for the tag part. + Aux in EnglishPresent simpleContinuousPast simplePerfectFutureModal verbs

do/ doesis/ am/ are – was/ weredidhave/has – hadwill/ shall- wouldcan-could/may-might/will-would/shall- should/must/dare/ought to/ need

+Some auxiliaries are always available in the affirmative structure.ContinuousPerfectFuturemodal verbs

is/ am/ are – was/ were + V-inghave/has – had + PIIwill/ shall- would + V-infcan-could/ may-might/will-would/ shall- should/ must/dare/ought to/ need

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- The S in the main clause and tag are the same. Always use subject pronoun in the tag part. +Subject pronoun I we you they she he it Eg: She did homework, didn’t she? They didn’t do homework, did they? The boy doesn’t work hard, does he? The children have slept for 2 hours, haven’t they? Helen is the most intelligent student in the class, isn’t she?- Negative forms are usually contracted (n’t) or use the structure: Aux + S + not. (formal) Eg: He saw this yesterday, did he not? (didn’t he?)

Main clause Tag partS(Noun)ThereItThis/ thatThese/ thoseEvery one/someone/ no oneEvery thingI amLet’s goCome inDon’t talk

S(Pronoun)ThereItItTheyTheyItaren’t I shall we?will you/ won’t you?will you?

D. CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG (Passive voice): THAT Clause

S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 → It + be + V1pp + that + S2 + V2 (1)\

→ S2 + be + V1pp + to V2 (2a)

→ S2 + be + V1pp + to have + V2pp (2b)

Chú ý: V1 thường là: agree, hope, believe, consider, feel, know, think, say, understand, find, expect…

Be chia theo thì của V1

Khi V2 xảy ra đồng thời hoặc xảy ra sau V1 thì ta dùng cấu trúc 2a

Khi V2 xảy ra trước V1 ta dùng cấu trúc 2b

They say that many people are homeless after the flood.

It is said that many people are homeless after the flood.

Many people are said to be homeless after the flood.

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TEST 1I. Cirle the best option to complete each sentence: 1. The scientist _________ invention was a success became famousa. who b. whose c. which d. that2. The man _________ you met at the party was a famous film stara. who b. that c. whom d. all are correct3. My neighbour, _________ brother is an actor, gave me some theatre ticketsa. who b. whom c. which d. whose4. We are talking about the writer _________ latest book is one of the best-sellers this yeara. which b. who c. whom d. whose5. The people _________ called me yesterday want to buy your housea. who b. whose c. whom d. which6. A newspaper _________ is published everyday is called a daily newspapera. who b. which c. that d. b and c 7. That is the man _________ told me the bad newsa. who b. whom c. whose d. which8. Bologna in Northern Italy is the place _________ Guglielmo Marconi was borna. there b. where c. what d. which9. The boy _________ eyes are brown is my frienda. who b. whose c. which d. whom10. My uncle _________ you met yesterday is a lawyera. which b. what c. whose d. whomII. Fill the blanks with Relative pronoun or Relative adverbs, put commas when they are needed1. The book _________ I need can’t be found in the library 2. Here is the beach _________ is the safest for swimmers3. Do you know the American woman _________ name is Margaret Mitchell? 4. Jim _________ I have known for ten years is one of my closest friends 5. That woman _________ name I don’t remember is a doctor 6. Children enjoy reading the books _________ have coloured pictures 7. The noise _________ he met woke everybody up 8. I know a place _________ roses grow in abundance 9. We must find a time _________ we can meet and a place _________ we can talk

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10. The teacher with _________ we studied last year no longer teaches in our school 11. Mr. Brown _________ is only 34 is the director of this company 12. Let me see all the letters _________ you have written 13. Is there anyone _________ can help me do this? 14. Alexander Flemming _________ discovered penicillin received the Nodel Prize in 1945 15. We saw many soldiers and tanks _________ were moving to the front III. Rewrite the second sentence in such a way that it has the same meaning as the one before it1. Jane is the president of the clubThe girl who ____________________________________________________________2. The man that we are talking about is a famous scientistThe man _______________________________________________________________3. The tree that we picked these fruits from is in front of the houseThe tree _______________________________________________________________4. The city that we were born in is very largeThe city ________________________________________________________________5. Do you remember the day? We first met on that dayDo you _________________________________________________________________

III. Combine each pair of sentences below1. The officer wasn’t very friendly. I spoke to him yesterday_________________________________________________________________________2. The dog was very frightened. The boys threw stones at it_________________________________________________________________________3. The road was built in 1980. We are driving on it_________________________________________________________________________4. Did you see the letter? It came yesterday morning_________________________________________________________________________5. The man called the police. His wallet was stolen_________________________________________________________________________6. My father goes swimming everyday. You met him this morning_________________________________________________________________________7. I love my parents’ house. I was born in that house_________________________________________________________________________8. The town is small. I grew up there_________________________________________________________________________9. I’ll never forget the day. I first met you then_________________________________________________________________________10. The picture was beautiful. She was looking at it_________________________________________________________________________11. This is the house. We often stay in this house in the summer_________________________________________________________________________12. This is Mrs. Jones. Her son won the championship last year_________________________________________________________________________13. You sent me a present. Thank you very much for it_________________________________________________________________________14. Mary and Margaret are twins. You met them yesterday

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_________________________________________________________________________15. I like standing at the window. I can see the park from this window_________________________________________________________________________16. I do not know the reason. She left school for it_________________________________________________________________________17. The police want to know the hotel. Mr.Foster stayed there two weeks ago_________________________________________________________________________18. The man is a famous actor. You met him at the party last night_________________________________________________________________________19. There are some words. They are very difficult to translate_________________________________________________________________________20. The woman was a secretary. We were waiting for her. _________________________________________________________________________21. Sandra works in advertising. You were talking to her_________________________________________________________________________22. The man is very young. You are driving his car_________________________________________________________________________23. Who is the woman? Our teacher is talking to her?_________________________________________________________________________24. The day was rainy. She left on that day_________________________________________________________________________25. The city was beautiful. We spent our vacation there_________________________________________________________________________

TEST 2 I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others.

1. A. small B. supply C. sure D. species2. A. swimmer B. sword C. swallow D. swam3. A. parks B. animals C. planets D. environments

II. Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.4. A. endanger B. disappear C. prohibit D. destruction5. A. extinct B. human C. species D. planet

III. Choose the correct answers:6. Many organizations have been set up and funds have been raised.

A. established B. collapsed C. delayed D. decreased7. Because of people’s _____with the environment, many kinds of plants and animals are becoming rare. A. supply B. survival C. influence D. interference8. We all regard pollution as a_______ matter to human beings. A. serious B. seriously C. seriousness D. serio-comic9. Garbage is considered to be some kind of ______. A. pollute B. pollutants C. pollution D. polluting10. The ____ is the air, water and land in or on which people, animals and plants live. A. consequence B. environment C. planet D. resource11. “ Do you think it’s going to rain?” – “ __________.”

A. I hope not         B. I don’t hope         C. I don’t hope that     D. I don’t hope so 12. “ I think we should take a shower instead of a bath to save energy.” – “ ______.”

A. Yes, we should.     B. Yes.You are good   C. No, I don’t like    D. Great! Let’s do that 13. “________ .” – “All right.”

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A. We will make posters on energy saving and hang them around our school. B. Why can’t we make posters on energy saving and hanging them around our school? C. How about making posters on energy saving and hanging them around our school? D. I’d like to make posters on energy saving and hang them around our school.

14. Can you turn the lights off before leaving the room?” – “______” A. Yes, I can B. No, I can’t   C. Yes, of course   D. No, I don’t.

15. “ ________ ! Can you help me with this?” A. Sorry  B. Excuse me C. Pardon D. My apology

16. When he ______, we ______ dinner. A. arrived/having      B. was arriving/had     C. arrived/ were having     D. had arrived/had

17. While they ______ chess, we __________ the shopping. A. playing/doing B. played/did            C. were playing/doing D. were playing/ were doing

18. Today is Thursday and she ____ late twice this week. She _____ late yesterday and on Monday. A. is/was    B. has been/is          C. has been/ was  D. has been/had been

19. He __________ in the same house since 1975. A. has lived  B. is living C. lived D. had lived 20. Last month my brother _______ me his photos. He _______ me his photos every year. A. sends/sent B. sent/ sends C. sent/sent D. sends/sends 21. The boy ________ I lent my money is poor.   A. to that    B. to who  C. to whom   D. whom 22. The knife ________ we are cutting bread is very sharp.   A. with that   B. which   C. with which     D. that 23. Cathy is trustworthy. She’s a person upon _________ you can always depend. A. who  B. whom   C. that  D. X 24. The man ____ I introduced you to last night may be the next president of the university. A. whom   B. that    C. X   D. all are correct. 25. Your career should focus on a field _________ you are generally interested. A. on which  B. in which   C. which  D. that 26. What exactly is the influence of television ____________ children? A. on B. in  C. at  D. with 27. I have two brothers, ________ are professional athletes.   A. two of which  B. two of whom  C. both of whom    D. two of them 28. One of the people _________ I admire most in the history of the world is Gandhi.   A. that   B. which   C. whose  D. of them 29. Sunday is the day _______ which we usually go fishing.   A. during   B. at   C. in  D. on 30. The speech _______ we listened last night was informative. A. to which  B. which to  C. to that  D. that IV. Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting.31. The man whom remained in the office was the manager.

A B C D32. 1975 was the year in when the revolution took place.

A B C D33. Mr. Brown, that teaches me English, is coming today.

A B C D34. The car who I bought used to be my father’s.

A B C D35. You would be welcome to join our staff if you change your mind. A B C DV. Choose the correct answer36. The man is my teacher. I am grateful to him.

A. The man whom I am grateful to him is my teacher. C. The man is my teacher who I am grateful B. The man whom I am grateful to is my teacher

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D. The man to him I am grateful is my teacher. 37. Ngoc is friendly. We are talking about her.

A. Ngoc, we are talking about, is friendly. C. Ngoc, about her we are talking, is friendly. B. Ngoc, whom we are talking about is friendly. D. Ngoc, about whom we are talking, is friendly.

38. That is the student. I borrowed his book last week. A. That is the student I borrowed whose book last week. B. The student whose book I borrowed that is. C. That is the student, whose book I borrowed last week.D. That is the student whose book I borrowed last week.

39. The book is very expensive. My father is interested in it. A. The book in which my father is interested is very expensive. B. The book which in my father is interested is very expensive. C. The book which my father is interested is very expensive. D. The book in that my father is interested is very expensive.

40. Sue lives in a house. The house is opposite my house.A. Sue lives in a house where is opposite my house. B. Sue lives in a house which is opposite my house. C. Sue lives in a house who is opposite my house. D. Sue lives in a house and which is opposite my house.

VI. Read the test and choose the correct option to fill in the gaps. In spite of all warnings, we are still not looking after our planet. Look what is happening to our forests. We are cutting them ___ (41) at an alarming rate. If we keep on doing this, many animals and plants will ___(42) extinct. Rare ___(43) , such as the mountain gorilla, are already in ___(44) . More will follow. Forests are important for another reason, too. They help to slow the rate of global warming. Trees soak up gases like carbon dioxide, which are given ___ (45) by power stations and factories. They also produce oxygen, and act as the lungs of the world.

41. A. up B. in C. off D. down42. A. go B. get C. become D. result43. A. species B. tribes C. races D. specialities44. A. threat B. danger C. fact D. troubles45. A. off B. up C. out D. over

VII. Read the passage and choose the correct answers: The scarcity of tigers and African elephants is more and more serious. They are endangered because poachers hunt them in order to sell tiger pelts and elephant ivory.

At least 4,000 elephants are killed each year in order to meet the global demand for ivory, which is used to make carvings, jewelry and other products although it is illegal to sell ivory since 1989 anywhere.

“Americans should be aware that there is still a problem with elephant poaching and loss to the illegal ivory trade,” Ginette Hemley, Fund’s vice president for species conservation, told The Washington Post in September. And so our message is “Don’t buy it, and don’t take that chance”.

A Wildlife Fund report states that the United States seized 8,300 illegal ivory items between 1995 and 2002. Each week there are about 1,000 ivory auctions, the report said.

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As for tigers, their parts are used in traditional Chinese medicine. Tiger bones are used as a pain reliever in traditional medicine. Even tiger’s whiskers are sold because some people in Asia think they are a good-luck charm – like a rabbit’s foot in the United States. “ Part of our job is education,” said Professor Dillon. “ The other part is law enforcement. So we have more than one strategy.”46. Hunters poach tigers for their _______

A. ivory B. pelts C. carving D. jewelry47. Which sentence is NOT true.

A. Elephants are hunted for their ivory.B. It is legal to sell ivory everywhere.C. There are about 4,000 elephants killed each year.D. Elephant ivory is used to made jewelry.

48. The word it in line 8 referred to _______A. an elephant B. a tiger C. tiger pelts D. elephant ivory

49. The Chinese use parts of the tiger as_______A. carving B. jewelry C. decoration D. medicine

50. According to Professor Dillon, _______A. there is only one strategy to solve the problemB. it is education that can help to solve the problemC. we need both education and law enforcement to solve the problemD. only law enforcement can help to solve the problem

TEST 3Choose the letter A, B, C, D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.Question 1. The musicians ……yesterday have played together for many years.

A. to who we listened B. who we listened toC. to that we listened D. to whom we listened

Question 2. Many scientists have claimed that …… like music are often good at Maths.

A. children B. children who C. children whom D. whose children Question 3. The student ……… had an impressive record.

A. the prize was awarded B. that the prize was awarded C. to whom the prize was awarded D. who the prize was

awardedQuestion 4. Scientists will find ways ………our supplies of coal, oil, and gas.

A. to increase B. increasing C. that increasing D. increased Question 5. I think it was your Dad _______.

A. phoned B. to phone C. that phoned D. which phoned Question 6. Airplanes ………in the twentieth century is one of the sources of pollution.

A. which invented B. to invent C. invented D. that is inventedQuestion 7. She has two grown children, both of ……live abroad.

A. who B. whom C. that D. whoseQuestion 8. Could you please provide us ………some more modern equipment?

A. for B. by C. in D. with 11

Question 9. We do not have plenty ……… energy as we think.A. of B. on C. over D. with

Question 10. I pulled off the sheets ………the furniture.A. to cover B. covered C. that covering D. covering

Question 11. The nuclear power plant ….........last year will come to operate tomorrow.

A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. which completedQuestion 12. Lady Astor was the first woman ………….her seat in Parliament.

A. take B. to take C. taking D. who takes Question 13. Do you remember the time ………we first visited London?

A. which B. when C. that D. on that Question 14. The solar energy can change ………electricity.

A. to B. for C. with D. into Question 15. Do you know the reason………she quit her job?

A. that B. which C. when D. why Question 16. The park ………I used to jog in has been demolished.

A. which B. where C. in which D. in where Question 17. Water is one of the precious resources ………for our life.

A. we depend on which B. which we dependC. on which we depend D. on that we depend

Question 18. The areas ……….are destroyed suffer a lot from soil erosion.A. which trees B. whose trees C. that trees D. trees which

Question 19. I never forget the time ………I first visit Cat Tien National Park.

A. when B. why C. where D. on that Question 20. I have to leave for London tomorrow, … means I cannot go to the party with you.

A. that B. which C. when D. why Question 21. More and more rare animals are _______danger of extinction.

A. for B. on C. at D. in Question 22. Some countries _______try to reduce extinction depend on the world organization for support.

A. which B. in which C. where D. whose Question 23. Do you think that we are using up the resources _______for our survival?

A. are necessary B. that are necessary C. which necessary D. that necessaryQuestion 24. Rain forests are places_______ people harvest wood, delicious fruits, and powerful medicine.

A. in which B. in that C. in where D. which Question 25. I wonder about _____ human beings are destroying the environment so seriously.

A. the reason thatB. that reason C. the reason in which D. the reason for whichQuestion 26. The authority gathered those villagers_____ they explained the importance of forests.

A. who B. whom C. to whom D. to thatQuestion 27. The energy _______ by the windmill drives all the drainage pumps.

A. that is producing B. which produces C. producingD. produced Questions 28. They are making an artificial lake _______ water for the area.

A. provided B. that provided C. to provide D. which is provideQuestion 29. She is the only one in the discussion _______ to using nuclear power.

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A. objects B. objected C. to object D. whom objects Question 30. The old man _______ a black suit is a famous energy researcher.

A. to wear B. wearing C. whom is wearing D. is wearingQuestion 31. John was the last applicant _______ for a position in that energy station.

A. to interview B.which is interviewed C. interviewing D. to be interviewedChoose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the rest in each of the following questions.Question 32. A. books B. bats C. cups D. dogsQuestion 33. A. boxes B. classes C. notes D. buzzesQuestion 34. A. hopes B. laughs C. works D. comesQuestion 35. A. helps B. photographsC. costs D. playsRead the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word(s) for each of the blanks from 36 to 45.

There is now increasing concern about the world’s (36) _____, particularly about those involving fossil (37) ______. In less than a hundred years we shall probably (38) _____ all the present (39) ____ of oil and gas. The world’s coal (40) ____ should last longer but, once used, these cannot be (41) _____. It is important, therefore, that we should develop such alternative sources of energy as solar energy and nuclear energy as well as water and wind (42) _____ (classed as (43) _____ energy). Until these energy (44) ______ are widely used, it is important for developed countries to reduce energy (45) ______ as much as possible.36. A. possessions B. resources C. goods D. materials 37. A. fuels B. powers C. forms D. energy 38. A. end B. complete C. total D. exhaust 39. A. findings B. productions C. amounts D. sources 40. A. reserves B. stores C. mines D. contents 41. A. updated B. repeated C. renewed D. produced 42. A. force B. repeated C. renewed D. produced 43. A. repeatable B. continual C. renewable D. continuous44. A. goods B. supplies C. provisions D. materials 45. A. exhaustion B. destruction C. waste D. consumption Read the passage and choose the correct answers:

Scientists often divide resources into two groups: renewable and non– renewable. When a resource is used, it takes some times to replace it. If the resource can be replaced quickly and easily, it is called renewable. If it cannot be replaced quickly and easily, it is non-renewable. All fossil fuels are non-renewable resources. Solar energy, air, and water are usually called renewable because there is an unlimited supply.

However, this definition may change if people are not careful with these resources. The amount of solar energy that reaches the earth depends on the atmosphere. If the atmosphere is polluted, the solar energy that reaches the earth may be dangerous. If humans continue to pollute the air, it will not contain the correct amounts of these gases.

Many resources are limited and non- renewable, and many are in danger of pollution. As a consequence, resources must be conserved and the environment protected. Conservation must become an important part of everyone’s life.46. How many kinds of resources are mentioned in the passage?

A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 513

47. Non-renewable resources are those which _______A. are unlimitedB. can be replaced quickly and easilyC. take millions of the years to replaceD. are used every day such as solar energy and water

48. What will happen if the atmosphere is polluted?A. The air won’t contain the correct amounts of natural gasesB. Life won’t continue as it doesC. Renewable resources will soon become non- renewableD. All are correct

49. The word conservation in the passage is opposite to A. prevention B. pollution C. protection D.

preservation50. Why do we have to conserve resources?

A. Because many resources are limited and non-renewableB. Because conservation plays an important part in everyone’s lifeC. To keep the air from being pollutedD. To make natural resources renewable

TEST 4 I.Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others. 1. handicapped . visited . decided . wanted 2. answer . sweater . swim . switchII. Choose the word of which the stressed syllable is different from the others. 3. variety . Australia . accompany . interesting 4. occasion . together . develop . volleyballIII.Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences: 5. Many efforts have been made to protect …………. nature.

Danger . endanger . dangerous . endangered 6. Pacifist is a person………….believes that all wars are wrong. . Whom . who . Whose . which 7. Oil, coal natural gas are………… .

solar system . nuclear power . Hydropower . fossil fuels8. Peter is very funny. He makes me …………a lot.

Laugh . to laugh . laughing . laughed9. This is Mr. Jones, ………..invention has helped hundreds of deaf people.

Whom . that . whose . which10. They…………angry if you didn’t visit them.

. would be . should be . must be . ought be11. They’d like to have a coffee, ………? hadn’t they . wouldn’t they . haven’t they . don’t they12. Many rare……… of animals are in danger of extinction.

species . classes . being . pairs13. She is the only in the discussion ……….. to using nuclear power.

to object . whom objects . objects . objected14. EMS stands for ________.

Economic Mail Service . Electronic Mail ServiceExpress Mail Service . Environment management Service

15. The children were ……..about opening their presents.Interested . fond . keen . excited

16.I prefer science picture films……..detective films..from . to . on . for

17.It was not until 1992 that he……. to learn English..begin .began . will begin . has begun

18. The boy to ………..I lent my money is poor.14

.That . who . whom . B and C19. The hotel staff is friendly and ………..________.

.Impolite . unhelpful . courteous . discourteous20. Tom and I ……….to Mary birthday party together.

. am going . are to goi . will gog . are going to go21. Lady Astor was the first woman ______ her seat in Parliament.

. take . to take . taking . who takes22. Ms. Lan is the woman who is talking to your father over there.

. Talking . to talk . talked . who talking23. The boy ………..the piano is my son. .who is playing . that is playing . playing . All are correct24. The Great Pyramid of Giza is one of the famous man-made wonders of the world.

. artificial . Natural . Modern . enternal25.I wish that you ……….to the party with us tonight. .will come .would come .came .come26.When we came,she ………….television. .was watching .watching .watched .watchesIV:Read the passage and choose the best answer to complete each blank:We need energy to live and work. Our major source of (27) …. is oil. Oil is one kind of fossil fuel. The amount of fossil (28) ….. in the world is (29)…… Therefore, we must save it, and at the same time, we must find new sources of energy. Geothermal heat and nuclear power are unlimited sources of energy. They can give us electricity. Other alternative (30) .. are the sun, waves and water. These sources are not only (31) ……. and available but also clean and safe for the (32)……. People should develop and use them more and more in the future.27. water solar energy fossil fuel28. natural sources oil fuels29. unlimited large much limited30. amounts sources electricity things31. clean expensive alternative heat32. us everything sky environmentV.Choose the underlined part which needs correcting:33.Both John and Jim plays football well.

34. Either you nor John is going to help Peter with his work.

35. It was not until 1915 when the cinema really became an industry.

36. John doesn’t play tennis. David doesn’t play tennis.

. Both John and David doesn’t play tennis

. Neither John nor David plays tennis

.Not either John or David play tennis

. Not only John but also David doesn’t play tennis.VI.Read the passage and choose the best answer: I'm interested in sports, especially athletics, and I run seven or eight kilometers everyday. I particularly enjoy cross country running, where you have to run across fields, jump over streams and so on. While I'm running I think about all sorts of things, and at the end of a run I'm sometimes surprised to find that I've solved a problem was on my mind.Next year, I'm going to try the London Marathon. It's hard race 26 miles or 42 kilometers and you have to be tough to finish, but I want to do it. I worry a bit about getting too old.I'm interested in mountaineering as well as running. My wife doesn't share my interest in mountains. She agreed to go climbing with me once, but she found that she felt ill as soon as she got above 1,000 meters.37. If you do cross country running, you must ........................

cross fields, streams, etc... cross your country cross your countryside run along the coast

38. How long is the London Marathon race? . C & D are correct 26 kilometers 26 miles 42 kilometers

39. The writer's wife is not interested in mountaineering for.............. She doesn't want to climb with her husband it doesn't bring her any interest she almost feels ill at the height of above 1,000 meters

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The air is cold40. The writer wants to take part in London marathon because .......................

it helps to keep him fit the award is great it helps him solve his problems he wants to do it before getting old

VII.Write about your collection,real or imaginary.………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

TEST 5I. Choose the best answer1. It was the boy ______ broke the window.A. which B. who C. whom D. whose2. The new camera ______ I bought on the internet last week is broken. A. whom B. which C. for which D. at which.3. We met Mary’s father, ________.

A. who teaches us English B. whom teaches us EnglishC. whose teaches us English D. that teaches us English.

4. Peter is the one ______ we miss most.A. who B. which C. whose D. that5. The teacher _____ is very kind to everyone.

A. to whom I talked yesterday B. who I talked yesterday.C. to that I talked yesterday D. that I talked yesterday

6. Has she bought the dress--------------------------?A. that she is fond in B. which she is fond of C. who she wants to give to D. which you made of 7. English is the subject which she is good-------------------------. A. at B. of C. about D. in 8. Has she got the job------------------------? A. which she applied to B. which she applied about C. which she applied for D. which she applied on 9. That is the woman---------------------------. A. who daughter I fall in love to B. whose daughter I fall in love for C. whose daughter I fall in love with D. to whose daughter I fall in love10. The restaurant----------------------------overlooks a beautiful lake. A. we often go to which B. which we often go to C. where we often go there D. which11. The trees------------------our village are bamboo ones.

A. to surround B. surrounding C. surrounded D. surround12. The people------------------in the accidents have been taken to Bach Mai hospital.

A. injured B. injuring C. to injure D. injure13. The pictures------------------by Picasso are expensive.

A. painting B. to be painting C. painted D. to paint14. I like living in a house--------------------the sea.

A. overlooked B. overlooking C. overlooks D. looks to15. There are a lot of problems--------------------immediately.

A. to be solved B. to solve C. that solve D. solve16. I am the last one--------------------of the news.

A. informing B. to inform C. to be informed D. inform17. Tom was the last--------------------the classroom yesterday.

A. to leave B. leaving C. left D. leaves.18. A--------------------------is someone who sells meat. A. baker B. butcher C. chemist D. shopkeeper19. A person who sells flowers is called a-------------------------.

A. florist B. farmer C. vegetarian D. biologist20. We call a man who delivers mails a-------------------------.

A. newsman B. mailbox C. mailman D. officer21. We’d like to buy the house------------------------overlooks West Lake.

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A. who B. whose C. where D. which22. The woman,-------------------------daughter Jack loves, is very kind.

A. whose B. who C. whom D. which23. The letter--------------------------she received this morning is from the USA.A. who B. whose C. whom D. which24. I don’t know girl-------------------------is wearing a long blue dress.A. whom B. whose C. which D. who25. The police are asking the man-------------------------car has been stolen.A. whom B. whose C. which D. that26. The man--------------------------she respects is her teacher.A. whom B. whose C. which D. who27. Our house,---------------------------was destroyed in the storm, is now being rebuilt.A. whom B. whose C. which D. who28. I like the car---------------------.A. which imported from Japan B. he is driving C. which have air conditioner D. which he is driving it29. The ring---------------------is made of gold and diamond.

A. she is wearing it B. he gave it to her C. she is wearing D. Linda like30. The job----------------is very dangerous.A. he applied B. for it he applied C. he applied for it D. which the coal miners does31. The man------------------must be intelligent and handsome.

A. whom loves her B. who loving her C. she is loving D. she loves32. Literature is the subject---------------------.

A. I am good in B. I am terrifying of C. I am bored at D. I am bad at Replace the clauses in underline type by infinitives.

1. He was the first man who left the burning building.2. You are the last person who saw her alive.3. My brother was the only one who realized the danger.4. The pilot was the only man who survived the crash.5. The city suffers from air pollution. The city suffers from water pollution. (both…and)6. He is interested in gardening. He is interested in collecting stamps. (not only…but also)7. The library doesn’t have the book I need. The bookstore doesn’t have the book I need. (neither…nor)8. We can fix dinner for them or we can take them to the restaurant. (either or)9. Solar energy is free. Solar energy is inexhaustible. (both…and)

Rewrite the following sentences1 The hotel wasn’t clean. And it wasn’t comfortable.

The hotel was ............................................................................................................................2 It was a very boring film. It was very long too.

The film .....................................................................................................................................3 Is that man’s name Richard? Or is it Robert? It’s one of the two.

That man’s name .......................................................................................................................4 I haven’t got the time to go on holiday. And I haven’t got the money.

I’ve got ......................................................................................................................................5 We can leave today or we can leave tomorrow - whichever you prefer.

We .............................................................................................................................................6. People say that he has 22 children. He…………………………………………………………………………………………….7. People say that he sleeps on a bed of nails. He ............................................................................................................................................8. People say that he won a lot of money gambling. He ............................................................................................................................................

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