Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
asdhj
Citation preview
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720
-15000.00
-10000.00
-5000.00
0.00
5000.00
10000.00
15000.00
20000.00
25000.00
30000.00
35000.00
Variaţia forţelor F, Fj, Fg
Fg N
Fj N
F N
alfa
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720
-200.0
-150.0
-100.0
-50.0
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
Momentul MONOCILINDRU
alfa [RAC]
-6000.0 -4000.0 -2000.0 0.0 2000.0 4000.0 6000.0 8000.0
-15000.0
-10000.0
-5000.0
0.0
5000.0
10000.0
15000.0
20000.0
25000.0
Diagrama polara a fusului maneton
-6000.0 -4000.0 -2000.0 0.0 2000.0 4000.0 6000.0
-15000.0
-10000.0
-5000.0
0.0
5000.0
10000.0
15000.0
20000.0
Diagrama polară a fusului palier
0.0 60.0 120.0 180.0 240.0 300.0 360.0 420.0 480.0 540.0 600.0 660.0 720.00.0
2000.0
4000.0
6000.0
8000.0
10000.0
12000.0
14000.0
16000.0
Rezultanta fortelor pe fusul palier
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 7200.0
2000.0
4000.0
6000.0
8000.0
10000.0
12000.0
14000.0
16000.0
18000.0
20000.0
Rezultanta forţelor pe fusul maneton
α [RAC]
0 180 360 540 720
-15000.0
-10000.0
-5000.0
0.0
5000.0
10000.0
15000.0
20000.0
25000.0
Variaţia forţelor T şi Z
α [RAC]
0 144 288 432 576 720
-300.0
-200.0
-100.0
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
Însumarea momentelor
α [RAC]
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720
-15000.0
-10000.0
-5000.0
0.0
5000.0
10000.0
15000.0
20000.0
25000.0
Variaţia forţelor N şi S
N N
alfa [RAC]
80
0
10
00
12
00
14
00
16
00
18
00
20
00
22
00
24
00
26
00
28
00
30
00
32
00
34
00
36
00
38
00
40
00
42
00
44
00
46
00
48
00
50
00
52
00
54
00
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
Caracteristica EXTERNĂ
P [kW]
C [kg/h]
M [Nm]
ce g/kWh
Turaţia, n[rot/min]
4. CARACTERISTICA EXTERNĂ
Puterea nominală 79Turaţia nominală 5000Coef. de adaptabilitate k= 1.3Coef. de elasticitate c= 0.5Coeficienţii puterii 1
α2 1α3 -1
Consum specific la reg. nom. 250Coef. consum specific a1 1.55
a2 -1.55a3 1
Turaţia minimă 800Turaţia maximă 5500
n P M ce C[rot/min] [kW] [Nm] g/kWh [kg/h]
800 14.34 1711.696 331.9 4.759053900 16.32 1731.614 325.85 5.317504
1000 18.33 1750.324 320 5.864961100 20.36 1767.827 314.35 6.4009231200 22.42 1784.123 308.9 6.9250141300 24.49 1799.212 303.65 7.4369641400 26.58 1813.094 298.6 7.9366061500 28.68 1825.769 293.75 8.4238691600 30.78 1837.237 289.1 8.8987661700 32.89 1847.497 284.65 9.3613941800 34.99 1856.551 280.4 9.8119181900 37.09 1864.397 276.35 10.250572000 39.18 1871.036 272.5 10.677642100 41.26 1876.468 268.85 11.093462200 43.32 1880.693 265.4 11.498422300 45.37 1883.711 262.15 11.892922400 47.38 1885.521 259.1 12.277412500 49.38 1886.125 256.25 12.652342600 51.33 1885.521 253.6 13.01819
α1
Pe=Pn [α1 (ninn
)+α 2(ninn
)2+α 3(ninn
)3 ] [kW ]
M e=9 .55⋅103⋅Peni
[Nm ]
c=ce[α4+α 5(n inn
)+α 6(n inn
)2 ][ g/kW ]
C=c⋅Pe [kg /h ]
2700 53.26 1883.711 251.15 13.375432800 55.14 1880.693 248.9 13.724532900 56.98 1876.468 246.85 14.065953000 58.78 1871.036 245 14.400123100 60.52 1864.397 243.35 14.727473200 62.21 1856.551 241.9 15.048363300 63.84 1847.497 240.65 15.363153400 65.41 1837.237 239.6 15.672113500 66.91 1825.769 238.75 15.975483600 68.35 1813.094 238.1 16.273423700 69.71 1799.212 237.65 16.566043800 70.99 1784.123 237.4 16.853333900 72.19 1767.827 237.35 17.135244000 73.31 1750.324 237.5 17.41164100 74.34 1731.614 237.85 17.682134200 75.28 1711.696 238.4 17.946464300 76.12 1690.572 239.15 18.204094400 76.86 1668.24 240.1 18.45444500 77.50 1644.701 241.25 18.696634600 78.03 1619.955 242.6 18.92994700 78.45 1594.002 244.15 19.153144800 78.75 1566.842 245.9 19.365184900 78.94 1538.474 247.85 19.564645000 79.00 1508.9 250 19.755100 78.94 1478.118 252.35 19.919545200 78.74 1446.13 254.9 20.071375300 78.41 1412.934 257.65 20.20345400 77.95 1378.531 260.6 20.313345500 77.34 1342.921 263.75 20.39869
3. CALCULUL DINAMIC AL MECANISMULUI BIELĂ MANIVELĂ
Prin calculul dinamic al mecanismului bielă-manivelă se urmăreşte determinareamărimii şi caracterul variaţiei sarcinilor care acţionează asupra pieselor motorului. Cerecetărileîn detaliu sunt foarte complexe din cauza regimului variabil de funcţionare.
FORŢELE CARE ACŢIONEAZĂ ÎN MECANISMUL BIELĂ-MANIVELĂ
3.1 Forta de presiune a gazelor
Fg=pg*Appg=px-pcart.pcatr.=1,02*10^5 ### N/m^2Ap=pi*D^2/4= 0.005 m^2
3.2 Fortale de inertie ale maselor aflate in miscare de translatie
Masele constructive ale pistonului şi bielei
Tipul motorului Masa pistonului din aliaje Masa bieleide Al, ( kg/m^2 ; g/cm^2) ( kg/m^2 ; g/cm^2)
M.A.S cu D=60 120 100 - 150 ( 10 - 15 ) 120 - 200 ( 12 - 20 )
Se alege: mb=120[kg/m^2] mb=120*Ap= 0.57 kgmp=120[kg/m^2] mp=120*Ap= 0.47 kg
Ap - aria suprafeţei capului pistonului;
pg - presiunea gazelor în cilindru după diagrama indicată;
p0 - presiunea mediului ambiant;
Fg=pg⋅Ap
m1b=(0.2…0.3)*mb=0.275*mb= 0.16 kgm2b=(0.8…0.7)*mb=0.725*mb= 0.41 kg
mj=mp+m1b= 0.62 kgFj-fortele de inertie ale maselor aflate in miscare de rotatie
Fortele sumare care actioneaza in mecanismul biela-manivelaF=Fg+Fj
α px pg Fg Fj Fgrade N/m^2 N/m^2 N N N
0 102000 0 0.00 -10151.57 -10151.578 80000 -22000 -114.09 -9990.18 -10104.26
16 80000 -22000 -114.09 -9513.98 -9628.0724 80000 -22000 -114.09 -8746.43 -8860.5132 80000 -22000 -114.09 -7724.85 -7838.9440 80000 -22000 -114.09 -6498.04 -6612.1348 80000 -22000 -114.09 -5123.01 -5237.1056 80000 -22000 -114.09 -3661.35 -3775.4464 80000 -22000 -114.09 -2175.33 -2289.4272 80000 -22000 -114.09 -724.06 -838.1480 80000 -22000 -114.09 640.02 525.9388 80000 -22000 -114.09 1873.99 1759.9096 80000 -22000 -114.09 2946.58 2832.50
104 80000 -22000 -114.09 3839.36 3725.27112 80000 -22000 -114.09 4546.85 4432.77120 80000 -22000 -114.09 5075.79 4961.70128 80000 -22000 -114.09 5443.32 5329.24136 80000 -22000 -114.09 5674.63 5560.54144 80000 -22000 -114.09 5799.85 5685.76152 80000 -22000 -114.09 5850.87 5736.78160 80000 -22000 -114.09 5858.02 5743.94168 80000 -22000 -114.09 5847.07 5732.98176 80000 -22000 -114.09 5836.69 5722.60180 80000 -22000 -114.09 5835.16 5721.07184 80082.68 -21917 -113.66 5836.69 5723.03192 80750 -21250 -110.20 5847.07 5736.87200 82115.92 -19884 -103.11 5858.02 5754.91208 84245.77 -17754 -92.07 5850.87 5758.80216 87243.52 -14756 -76.52 5799.85 5723.32224 91260.47 -10740 -55.69 5674.63 5618.93232 96508.41 -5492 -28.48 5443.32 5414.85240 103280 1280 6.64 5075.79 5082.42248 111977 9977 51.74 4546.85 4598.59256 123158 21158 109.72 3839.36 3949.07264 137605 35605 184.64 2946.58 3131.22272 156427 54427 282.24 1873.99 2156.23280 181216 79216 410.79 640.02 1050.81288 214291 112291 582.31 -724.06 -141.75296 259054 157054 814.44 -2175.33 -1360.90304 320494 218494 1133.04 -3661.35 -2528.31312 405775 303775 1575.28 -5123.01 -3547.73320 524553 422553 2191.23 -6498.04 -4306.81328 687657 585657 3037.04 -7724.85 -4687.82
Fj=-mj*R*ω^2*[cos(α)+λ*cos(2*α)]=-mj*ap
336 900653 798653 4141.57 -8746.43 -4604.86344 1146907 1044907 5418.57 -9513.98 -4095.41352 1364239 1262239 6545.58 -9990.18 -3444.59360 1454421 1352421 7013.24 -10151.57 -3138.33364 6287902 6185902 32078.19 -10111.10 21967.09368 6235595 6133595 31806.94 -9990.18 21816.77376 5304617 5202617 26979.18 -9513.98 17465.20384 4234873 4132873 21431.81 -8746.43 12685.39392 3293402 3191402 16549.63 -7724.85 8824.78400 2559052 2457052 12741.52 -6498.04 6243.47408 2014547 1912547 9917.88 -5123.01 4794.87416 1616955 1514955 7856.09 -3661.35 4194.74424 1326086 1224086 6347.73 -2175.33 4172.40432 1111225 1009225 5233.53 -724.06 4509.47440 950513 848513 4400.13 640.02 5040.15448 828759 726759 3768.75 1873.99 5642.74456 735442 633442 3284.84 2946.58 6231.42464 663226 561226 2910.34 3839.36 6749.70472 606938 504938 2618.46 4546.85 7165.31480 562892 460892 2390.05 5075.79 7465.83488 528426 426426 2211.31 5443.32 7654.64496 501600 399600 2072.20 5674.63 7746.83504 480995 378995 1965.35 5799.85 7765.20512 451609 349609 1812.96 5850.87 7663.83520 409139 307139 1592.73 5858.02 7450.75528 358039 256039 1327.74 5847.07 7174.81536 262051 160051 829.97 5836.69 6666.66540 261837 159837 828.87 5835.16 6664.02544 235846 133846 694.08 5836.69 6530.77552 222743 120743 626.14 5847.07 6473.21560 209640 107640 558.19 5858.02 6416.21568 196538 94538 490.24 5850.87 6341.11576 183435 81435 422.30 5799.85 6222.14584 170333 68333 354.35 5674.63 6028.98592 157230 55230 286.41 5443.32 5729.73600 144128 42128 218.46 5075.79 5294.25608 131025 29025 150.52 4546.85 4697.37616 117923 15923 82.57 3839.36 3921.93624 104820 2820 14.62 2946.58 2961.21632 102000 0 0.00 1873.99 1873.99640 102000 0 0.00 640.02 640.02648 110000 8000 41.49 -724.06 -682.57656 110000 8000 41.49 -2175.33 -2133.85664 110000 8000 41.49 -3661.35 -3619.87672 110000 8000 41.49 -5123.01 -5081.53680 110000 8000 41.49 -6498.04 -6456.56688 110000 8000 41.49 -7724.85 -7683.37696 110000 8000 41.49 -8746.43 -8704.94704 110000 8000 41.49 -9513.98 -9472.49712 110000 8000 41.49 -9990.18 -9948.69720 110000 8000 41.49 -10151.57 -10110.09
Forta normala:
Forta care actioneaza dupa axa corpului bielei:
Fortele din axa fusului maneton se descompune in:
3.3 Momentul motor:
M=T*R
Z'=(T1+T2*cos(Φ)-Z2*sin(Φ))/2Φ-ungiul de decalajΦ=180
Insumarea momentelor; Ordinea de lucru 1-2-4-3
R= 0.033β=asin(λ*sin(α))
Fn=F*tan ββ=arcsin(λ*sin(α))
Fb=F/cos(β)
forta radiala:T=Fb*sin(α+β)forta tangentila:Z=Fb*cos(α+β)
T'=(Z1+Z2*cos(Φ)+T2*sin(Φ))/2
M 0−1=M
M 1=T (0∘)⋅S2
M 2=T (180∘)⋅S2
M 1−2=M 2+M 0−1
M 3=T (540∘)⋅S2
M 1−3=M 3+M 1−2
M 4=T (360∘)⋅S2
M 1−4=M 4+M 1−3
α β N S T Z M° ° N N N N N*m
0 0.000 0.0 -10151.6 0.0 -10151.6 0.08 2.217 -391.2 -10111.8 -1793.7 -9951.5 -58.3
16 4.395 -739.9 -9656.5 -3365.1 -9051.1 -109.424 6.492 -1008.3 -8917.7 -4525.1 -7684.3 -147.132 8.472 -1167.6 -7925.4 -5144.1 -6029.1 -167.240 10.294 -1200.9 -6720.3 -5170.1 -4293.3 -168.048 11.923 -1105.8 -5352.6 -4631.9 -2682.5 -150.556 13.325 -894.2 -3879.9 -3630.0 -1369.9 -118.064 14.470 -590.8 -2364.4 -2316.7 -472.6 -75.372 15.331 -229.8 -869.1 -868.1 -40.5 -28.280 15.889 149.7 546.8 543.9 -56.1 17.788 16.131 509.0 1832.0 1776.6 -447.3 57.796 16.050 814.9 2947.4 2731.8 -1106.5 88.8
104 15.649 1043.5 3868.7 3362.2 -1913.8 109.3112 14.937 1182.5 4587.8 3667.0 -2757.0 119.2120 13.931 1230.8 5112.1 3681.6 -3546.7 119.7128 12.654 1196.5 5461.9 3462.8 -4223.9 112.6136 11.135 1094.4 5667.2 3075.4 -4760.2 100.0144 9.405 941.7 5763.2 2580.1 -5153.4 83.9152 7.499 755.2 5786.3 2026.5 -5419.8 65.9160 5.456 548.6 5770.1 1449.0 -5585.2 47.1168 3.314 331.9 5742.6 867.3 -5676.7 28.2176 1.111 111.0 5723.7 288.5 -5716.4 9.4180 0.000 0.0 5721.1 0.0 -5721.1 0.0184 -1.111 -111.0 5724.1 -288.5 -5716.8 -9.4192 -3.314 -332.1 5746.5 -867.9 -5680.6 -28.2200 -5.456 -549.7 5781.1 -1451.8 -5595.8 -47.2208 -7.499 -758.1 5808.5 -2034.2 -5440.6 -66.1216 -9.405 -948.0 5801.3 -2597.2 -5187.5 -84.4224 -11.135 -1105.9 5726.7 -3107.7 -4810.2 -101.0232 -12.654 -1215.7 5549.6 -3518.5 -4291.7 -114.4240 -13.931 -1260.7 5236.4 -3771.2 -3633.0 -122.6248 -14.937 -1226.8 4759.4 -3804.2 -2860.1 -123.6256 -15.649 -1106.2 4101.1 -3564.1 -2028.7 -115.8264 -16.050 -900.8 3258.2 -3019.9 -1223.2 -98.2272 -16.131 -623.6 2244.6 -2176.7 -548.0 -70.7280 -15.889 -299.1 1092.6 -1086.8 -112.1 -35.3288 -15.331 38.9 -147.0 146.8 -6.8 4.8296 -14.470 351.2 -1405.5 1377.1 -280.9 44.8304 -13.325 598.8 -2598.3 2430.9 -917.4 79.0312 -11.923 749.1 -3626.0 3137.7 -1817.2 102.0320 -10.294 782.2 -4377.3 3367.6 -2796.4 109.5328 -8.472 698.2 -4739.5 3076.3 -3605.5 100.0
336 -6.492 524.0 -4634.6 2351.7 -3993.6 76.4344 -4.395 314.7 -4107.5 1431.4 -3850.0 46.5352 -2.217 133.4 -3447.2 611.5 -3392.5 19.9360 0.000 0.0 -3138.3 0.0 -3138.3 0.0364 1.111 426.1 21971.2 1957.4 21883.9 63.6368 2.217 844.7 21833.1 3872.8 21486.9 125.9376 4.395 1342.3 17516.7 6104.3 16418.6 198.4384 6.492 1443.6 12767.3 6478.4 11001.5 210.6392 8.472 1314.4 8922.1 5791.1 6787.3 188.2400 10.294 1133.9 6345.6 4881.9 4053.9 158.7408 11.923 1012.4 4900.6 4240.7 2456.0 137.8416 13.325 993.5 4310.8 4033.2 1522.0 131.1424 14.470 1076.7 4309.1 4222.1 861.3 137.2432 15.331 1236.3 4675.9 4670.8 217.7 151.8440 15.889 1434.7 5240.4 5212.7 -537.7 169.4448 16.131 1632.0 5874.0 5696.3 -1434.1 185.1456 16.050 1792.7 6484.2 6009.9 -2434.3 195.3464 15.649 1890.8 7009.5 6091.8 -3467.5 198.0472 14.937 1911.5 7415.9 5927.5 -4456.5 192.7480 13.931 1851.9 7692.1 5539.6 -5336.7 180.1488 12.654 1718.6 7845.2 4973.8 -6067.0 161.7496 11.135 1524.7 7895.4 4284.6 -6631.8 139.3504 9.405 1286.2 7871.0 3523.7 -7038.2 114.5512 7.499 1008.9 7729.9 2707.2 -7240.4 88.0520 5.456 711.7 7484.7 1879.6 -7244.8 61.1528 3.314 415.4 7186.8 1085.4 -7104.4 35.3536 1.111 129.3 6667.9 336.1 -6659.4 10.9540 0.000 0.0 6664.0 0.0 -6664.0 0.0544 -1.111 -126.7 6532.0 -329.2 -6523.7 -10.7552 -3.314 -374.8 6484.0 -979.3 -6409.7 -31.8560 -5.456 -612.8 6445.4 -1618.6 -6238.9 -52.6568 -7.499 -834.7 6395.8 -2239.9 -5990.8 -72.8576 -9.405 -1030.6 6306.9 -2823.5 -5639.6 -91.8584 -11.135 -1186.6 6144.6 -3334.5 -5161.2 -108.4592 -12.654 -1286.4 5872.4 -3723.1 -4541.3 -121.0600 -13.931 -1313.2 5454.7 -3928.3 -3784.4 -127.7608 -14.937 -1253.1 4861.6 -3885.9 -2921.5 -126.3616 -15.649 -1098.6 4072.9 -3539.6 -2014.8 -115.0624 -16.050 -851.9 3081.3 -2855.9 -1156.8 -92.8632 -16.131 -542.0 1950.8 -1891.8 -476.3 -61.5640 -15.889 -182.2 665.4 -661.9 -68.3 -21.5648 -15.331 187.1 -707.8 707.0 -33.0 23.0656 -14.470 550.6 -2203.8 2159.3 -440.5 70.2664 -13.325 857.4 -3720.0 3480.4 -1313.4 113.1672 -11.923 1073.0 -5193.6 4494.3 -2602.8 146.1680 -10.294 1172.6 -6562.2 5048.5 -4192.3 164.1688 -8.472 1144.4 -7768.1 5042.1 -5909.4 163.9696 -6.492 990.6 -8761.1 4445.6 -7549.4 144.5704 -4.395 728.0 -9500.4 3310.8 -8904.9 107.6712 -2.217 385.2 -9956.1 1766.0 -9798.3 57.4720 0.000 0.0 -10110.1 0.0 -10110.1 0.0
Ordinea de aprindere 1-2-4-3
alfa M1 M2 M3 M4 ΣMgrd
0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.08 -58.3 -10.7 -9.4 63.6 -14.8
16 -109.4 -31.8 -28.2 125.9 -43.524 -147.1 -52.6 -47.2 198.4 -48.532 -167.2 -72.8 -66.1 210.6 -95.640 -168.0 -91.8 -84.4 188.2 -156.048 -150.5 -108.4 -101.0 158.7 -201.356 -118.0 -121.0 -114.4 137.8 -215.564 -75.3 -127.7 -122.6 131.1 -194.572 -28.2 -126.3 -123.6 137.2 -140.980 17.7 -115.0 -115.8 151.8 -61.488 57.7 -92.8 -98.2 169.4 36.296 88.8 -61.5 -70.7 185.1 141.7
104 109.3 -21.5 -35.3 195.3 247.8112 119.2 23.0 4.8 198.0 344.9120 119.7 70.2 44.8 192.7 427.3128 112.6 113.1 79.0 180.1 484.7136 100.0 146.1 102.0 161.7 509.7144 83.9 164.1 109.5 139.3 496.7152 65.9 163.9 100.0 114.5 444.3160 47.1 144.5 76.4 88.0 356.0168 28.2 107.6 46.5 61.1 243.4176 9.4 57.4 19.9 35.3 121.9180 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.9 10.9184 -9.4 -58.3 63.6 0.0 -4.1192 -28.2 -109.4 125.9 -10.7 -22.4200 -47.2 -147.1 198.4 -31.8 -27.7208 -66.1 -167.2 210.6 -52.6 -75.4216 -84.4 -168.0 188.2 -72.8 -137.0224 -101.0 -150.5 158.7 -91.8 -184.7232 -114.4 -118.0 137.8 -108.4 -202.9240 -122.6 -75.3 131.1 -121.0 -187.8248 -123.6 -28.2 137.2 -127.7 -142.3256 -115.8 17.7 151.8 -126.3 -72.7264 -98.2 57.7 169.4 -115.0 14.0272 -70.7 88.8 185.1 -92.8 110.4280 -35.3 109.3 195.3 -61.5 207.8
288 4.8 119.2 198.0 -21.5 300.4296 44.8 119.7 192.7 23.0 380.1304 79.0 112.6 180.1 70.2 441.8312 102.0 100.0 161.7 113.1 476.7320 109.5 83.9 139.3 146.1 478.7328 100.0 65.9 114.5 164.1 444.5336 76.4 47.1 88.0 163.9 375.4344 46.5 28.2 61.1 144.5 280.3352 19.9 9.4 35.3 107.6 172.1360 0.0 0.0 10.9 57.4 68.3364 63.6 -9.4 0.0 0.0 54.2368 125.9 -28.2 -10.7 -58.3 28.7376 198.4 -47.2 -31.8 -109.4 10.0384 210.6 -66.1 -52.6 -147.1 -55.2392 188.2 -84.4 -72.8 -167.2 -136.2400 158.7 -101.0 -91.8 -168.0 -202.1408 137.8 -114.4 -108.4 -150.5 -235.5416 131.1 -122.6 -121.0 -118.0 -230.5424 137.2 -123.6 -127.7 -75.3 -189.4432 151.8 -115.8 -126.3 -28.2 -118.5440 169.4 -98.2 -115.0 17.7 -26.1448 185.1 -70.7 -92.8 57.7 79.3456 195.3 -35.3 -61.5 88.8 187.3464 198.0 4.8 -21.5 109.3 290.5472 192.7 44.8 23.0 119.2 379.6480 180.1 79.0 70.2 119.7 448.9488 161.7 102.0 113.1 112.6 489.3496 139.3 109.5 146.1 100.0 494.7504 114.5 100.0 164.1 83.9 462.5512 88.0 76.4 163.9 65.9 394.2520 61.1 46.5 144.5 47.1 299.2528 35.3 19.9 107.6 28.2 191.0536 10.9 0.0 57.4 9.4 77.7540 0.0 63.6 0.0 0.0 63.6544 -10.7 125.9 -58.3 -9.4 47.5552 -31.8 198.4 -109.4 -28.2 29.0560 -52.6 210.6 -147.1 -47.2 -36.3568 -72.8 188.2 -167.2 -66.1 -117.9576 -91.8 158.7 -168.0 -84.4 -185.6584 -108.4 137.8 -150.5 -101.0 -222.1592 -121.0 131.1 -118.0 -114.4 -222.3600 -127.7 137.2 -75.3 -122.6 -188.3608 -126.3 151.8 -28.2 -123.6 -126.4616 -115.0 169.4 17.7 -115.8 -43.8624 -92.8 185.1 57.7 -98.2 51.9632 -61.5 195.3 88.8 -70.7 151.9640 -21.5 198.0 109.3 -35.3 250.4648 23.0 192.7 119.2 4.8 339.6656 70.2 180.1 119.7 44.8 414.7664 113.1 161.7 112.6 79.0 466.3672 146.1 139.3 100.0 102.0 487.3680 164.1 114.5 83.9 109.5 471.9688 163.9 88.0 65.9 100.0 417.7696 144.5 61.1 47.1 76.4 329.1
704 107.6 35.3 28.2 46.5 217.6712 57.4 10.9 9.4 19.9 97.6720 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
alfa T1 T2 Z1 Z2 T' Z' Rm Rpgrd [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N] [N]
0.0 0.0 2580.1 -10151.6 -5153.4 -1290.1 -2499.1 14935.9 2812.48.0 -1793.7 2026.5 -9951.5 -5419.8 -1910.1 -2265.8 14844.6 2963.5
16.0 -3365.1 1449.0 -9051.1 -5585.2 -2407.1 -1733.0 14238.8 2966.024.0 -4525.1 867.3 -7684.3 -5676.7 -2696.2 -1003.8 13264.4 2877.032.0 -5144.1 288.5 -6029.1 -5716.4 -2716.3 -156.3 11974.7 2720.840.0 -5170.1 -288.5 -4293.3 -5716.8 -2440.8 711.8 10446.7 2542.548.0 -4631.9 -867.9 -2682.5 -5680.6 -1882.0 1499.0 8786.8 2406.056.0 -3630.0 -1451.8 -1369.9 -5595.8 -1089.1 2113.0 7145.0 2377.264.0 -2316.7 -2034.2 -472.6 -5440.6 -141.2 2484.0 5744.8 2488.072.0 -868.1 -2597.2 -40.5 -5187.5 864.5 2573.5 4902.3 2714.880.0 543.9 -3107.7 -56.1 -4810.2 1825.8 2377.0 4870.9 2997.388.0 1776.6 -3518.5 -447.3 -4291.7 2647.5 1922.2 5525.0 3271.896.0 2731.8 -3771.2 -1106.5 -3633.0 3251.5 1263.3 6493.4 3488.3
104.0 3362.2 -3804.2 -1913.8 -2860.1 3583.2 473.2 7494.6 3614.3112.0 3667.0 -3564.1 -2757.0 -2028.7 3615.6 -364.1 8385.6 3633.9120.0 3681.6 -3019.9 -3546.7 -1223.2 3350.7 -1161.8 9108.3 3546.4128.0 3462.8 -2176.7 -4223.9 -548.0 2819.8 -1837.9 9650.9 3365.9136.0 3075.4 -1086.8 -4760.2 -112.1 2081.1 -2324.0 10027.8 3119.6144.0 2580.1 146.8 -5153.4 -6.8 1216.7 -2573.3 10267.2 2846.4152.0 2026.5 1377.1 -5419.8 -280.9 324.7 -2569.4 10403.4 2589.9160.0 1449.0 2430.9 -5585.2 -917.4 -491.0 -2333.9 10470.3 2385.0168.0 867.3 3137.7 -5676.7 -1817.2 -1135.2 -1929.8 10496.9 2238.9176.0 288.5 3367.6 -5716.4 -2796.4 -1539.5 -1460.0 10504.7 2121.7184.0 -288.5 3076.3 -5716.8 -3605.5 -1682.4 -1055.7 10505.1 1986.2192.0 -867.9 2351.7 -5680.6 -3993.6 -1609.8 -843.5 10500.8 1817.4200.0 -1451.8 1431.4 -5595.8 -3850.0 -1441.6 -872.9 10481.2 1685.3208.0 -2034.2 611.5 -5440.6 -3392.5 -1322.9 -1024.1 10425.4 1672.9216.0 -2597.2 1957.4 -5187.5 21883.9 -2277.3 -13535.7 10304.5 13725.9224.0 -3107.7 3872.8 -4810.2 21486.9 -3490.3 -13148.5 10085.3 13603.9232.0 -3518.5 6104.3 -4291.7 16418.6 -4811.4 -10355.2 9734.2 11418.4240.0 -3771.2 6478.4 -3633.0 11001.5 -5124.8 -7317.3 9223.5 8933.4248.0 -3804.2 5791.1 -2860.1 6787.3 -4797.6 -4823.7 8538.7 6803.3256.0 -3564.1 4881.9 -2028.7 4053.9 -4223.0 -3041.3 7689.0 5204.2264.0 -3019.9 4240.7 -1223.2 2456.0 -3630.3 -1839.6 6723.9 4069.8272.0 -2176.7 4033.2 -548.0 1522.0 -3104.9 -1035.0 5759.5 3272.9
280.0 -1086.8 4222.1 -112.1 861.3 -2654.4 -486.7 5015.6 2698.7288.0 146.8 4670.8 -6.8 217.7 -2262.0 -112.3 4793.4 2264.8296.0 1377.1 5212.7 -280.9 -537.7 -1917.8 128.4 5249.1 1922.1304.0 2430.9 5696.3 -917.4 -1434.1 -1632.7 258.3 6198.3 1653.0312.0 3137.7 6009.9 -1817.2 -2434.3 -1436.1 308.5 7309.3 1468.9320.0 3367.6 6091.8 -2796.4 -3467.5 -1362.1 335.5 8295.1 1402.8328.0 3076.3 5927.5 -3605.5 -4456.5 -1425.6 425.5 8936.0 1487.7336.0 2351.7 5539.6 -3993.6 -5336.7 -1594.0 671.6 9087.5 1729.7344.0 1431.4 4973.8 -3850.0 -6067.0 -1771.2 1108.5 8752.2 2089.5352.0 611.5 4284.6 -3392.5 -6631.8 -1836.6 1619.6 8199.7 2448.7360.0 1957.4 3523.7 21883.9 -7038.2 -783.2 14461.0 17211.2 14482.2368.0 3872.8 2707.2 21486.9 -7240.4 582.8 14363.6 17145.7 14375.5376.0 6104.3 1879.6 16418.6 -7244.8 2112.4 11831.7 13138.5 12018.8384.0 6478.4 1085.4 11001.5 -7104.4 2696.5 9052.9 8979.0 9446.0392.0 5791.1 336.1 6787.3 -6659.4 2727.5 6723.4 6127.7 7255.6400.0 4881.9 -329.2 4053.9 -6523.7 2605.5 5288.8 4936.2 5895.8408.0 4240.7 -979.3 2456.0 -6409.7 2610.0 4432.8 4837.9 5144.1416.0 4033.2 -1618.6 1522.0 -6238.9 2825.9 3880.4 5187.4 4800.4424.0 4222.1 -2239.9 861.3 -5990.8 3231.0 3426.0 5763.4 4709.3432.0 4670.8 -2823.5 217.7 -5639.6 3747.2 2928.7 6532.2 4755.9440.0 5212.7 -3334.5 -537.7 -5161.2 4273.6 2311.8 7449.6 4858.8448.0 5696.3 -3723.1 -1434.1 -4541.3 4709.7 1553.6 8433.0 4959.3456.0 6009.9 -3928.3 -2434.3 -3784.4 4969.1 675.1 9392.9 5014.8464.0 6091.8 -3885.9 -3467.5 -2921.5 4988.8 -273.0 10256.8 4996.3472.0 5927.5 -3539.6 -4456.5 -2014.8 4733.6 -1220.8 10978.5 4888.5480.0 5539.6 -2855.9 -5336.7 -1156.8 4197.8 -2090.0 11537.9 4689.3488.0 4973.8 -1891.8 -6067.0 -476.3 3432.8 -2795.4 11936.9 4427.0496.0 4284.6 -661.9 -6631.8 -68.3 2473.3 -3281.7 12193.7 4109.4504.0 3523.7 707.0 -7038.2 -33.0 1408.4 -3502.6 12336.5 3775.1512.0 2707.2 2159.3 -7240.4 -440.5 274.0 -3399.9 12325.7 3411.0520.0 1879.6 3480.4 -7244.8 -1313.4 -800.4 -2965.7 12175.1 3071.8528.0 1085.4 4494.3 -7104.4 -2602.8 -1704.4 -2250.8 11938.2 2823.3536.0 336.1 5048.5 -6659.4 -4192.3 -2356.2 -1233.6 11448.7 2659.6544.0 -329.2 5042.1 -6523.7 -5909.4 -2685.6 -307.1 11312.8 2703.1552.0 -979.3 4445.6 -6409.7 -7549.4 -2712.4 569.9 11236.8 2771.7560.0 -1618.6 3310.8 -6238.9 -8904.9 -2464.7 1333.0 11141.4 2802.1568.0 -2239.9 1766.0 -5990.8 -9798.3 -2003.0 1903.8 11005.5 2763.4576.0 -2823.5 0.0 -5639.6 -10110.1 -1411.8 2235.3 10799.6 2643.8584.0 -3334.5 -1793.7 -5161.2 -9951.5 -770.4 2395.1 10489.6 2516.0592.0 -3723.1 -3365.1 -4541.3 -9051.1 -179.0 2254.9 10041.4 2262.0600.0 -3928.3 -4525.1 -3784.4 -7684.3 298.4 1950.0 9426.3 1972.7608.0 -3885.9 -5144.1 -2921.5 -6029.1 629.1 1553.8 8630.2 1676.3616.0 -3539.6 -5170.1 -2014.8 -4293.3 815.2 1139.2 7665.3 1400.9624.0 -2855.9 -4631.9 -1156.8 -2682.5 888.0 762.9 6591.9 1170.7632.0 -1891.8 -3630.0 -476.3 -1369.9 869.1 446.8 5590.4 977.2640.0 -661.9 -2316.7 -68.3 -472.6 827.4 202.2 4897.6 851.7648.0 707.0 -868.1 -33.0 -40.5 787.6 3.8 4868.9 787.6656.0 2159.3 543.9 -440.5 -56.1 807.7 -192.2 5653.5 830.2664.0 3480.4 1776.6 -1313.4 -447.3 851.9 -433.1 7021.1 955.7672.0 4494.3 2731.8 -2602.8 -1106.5 881.2 -748.2 8646.9 1156.0680.0 5048.5 3362.2 -4192.3 -1913.8 843.2 -1139.2 10298.9 1417.3688.0 5042.1 3667.0 -5909.4 -2757.0 687.5 -1576.2 11822.8 1719.7696.0 4445.6 3681.6 -7549.4 -3546.7 382.0 -2001.4 13110.5 2037.5704.0 3310.8 3462.8 -8904.9 -4223.9 -76.0 -2340.5 14083.9 2341.7
712.0 1766.0 3075.4 -9798.3 -4760.2 -654.7 -2519.0 14689.2 2602.7720.0 0.0 2580.1 -10110.1 -5153.4 -1290.1 -2478.3 14894.4 2794.0
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
-15000.00
-10000.00
-5000.00
0.00
5000.00
10000.00
15000.00
20000.00
-30.00
-20.00
-10.00
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
a
x
v
Variaţia deplasării, vitezei şi acceleraţiei pistonului
Deplasarea, viteza si acceleratia pistonului
viteza unghiulară a pistonului
628.00 s^-1
R= 0.033 m R- raza maniveleiS=2xR= 0.065 m S- cursa pistonuluil= 0.117 m l - lungimea bielei
0.117 m
2.1 Deplasarea pistonului
2.2 Viteza pistonului
2.3 Acceleraţia pistonului
ω=π⋅n30
=3 ,14⋅500030
=
λb=rl⇒l=
rλb
=0 ,037
13,6
=
x=R (1−cosα+λb2
sin2 α )=R[ (1−cosα )+λb4
(1−cos2α )]
v=R⋅ω⋅(sinα+λb2
sin 2α )
a=R⋅ω2⋅(cos α+λb⋅cos2α )
α [RAC] x v a0 0.00 0.00 16279.528 0.40 3.60 16020.69
16 1.60 7.09 15257.0424 3.55 10.35 14026.1632 6.20 13.29 12387.9240 9.46 15.83 10420.5548 13.24 17.91 8215.4956 17.42 19.48 5871.5164 21.89 20.52 3488.4672 26.53 21.03 1161.1380 31.22 21.04 -1026.3688 35.86 20.59 -3005.2196 40.35 19.73 -4725.27
104 44.60 18.51 -6156.96112 48.55 17.01 -7291.54120 52.13 15.29 -8139.76128 55.31 13.41 -8729.16136 58.06 11.43 -9100.08144 60.35 9.38 -9300.89152 62.19 7.30 -9382.71160 63.57 5.21 -9394.19168 64.49 3.12 -9376.62176 64.95 1.04 -9359.97180 65.01 0.00 -9357.52184 64.95 -1.04 -9359.97192 64.49 -3.12 -9376.62200 63.57 -5.21 -9394.19208 62.19 -7.30 -9382.71216 60.35 -9.38 -9300.89224 58.06 -11.43 -9100.08232 55.31 -13.41 -8729.16240 52.13 -15.29 -8139.76248 48.55 -17.01 -7291.54256 44.60 -18.51 -6156.96264 40.35 -19.73 -4725.27272 35.86 -20.59 -3005.21280 31.22 -21.04 -1026.36288 26.53 -21.03 1161.13296 21.89 -20.52 3488.46304 17.42 -19.48 5871.51312 13.24 -17.91 8215.49320 9.46 -15.83 10420.55328 6.20 -13.29 12387.92336 3.55 -10.35 14026.16344 1.60 -7.09 15257.04352 0.40 -3.60 16020.69360 0.00 0.00 16279.52364 0.10 1.81 16214.61368 0.40 3.60 16020.69
376 1.60 7.09 15257.04384 3.55 10.35 14026.16392 6.20 13.29 12387.92400 9.46 15.83 10420.55408 13.24 17.91 8215.49416 17.42 19.48 5871.51424 21.89 20.52 3488.46432 26.53 21.03 1161.13440 31.22 21.04 -1026.36448 35.86 20.59 -3005.21456 40.35 19.73 -4725.27464 44.60 18.51 -6156.96472 48.55 17.01 -7291.54480 52.13 15.29 -8139.76488 55.31 13.41 -8729.16496 58.06 11.43 -9100.08504 60.35 9.38 -9300.89512 62.19 7.30 -9382.71520 63.57 5.21 -9394.19528 64.49 3.12 -9376.62536 64.95 1.04 -9359.97540 65.01 0.00 -9357.52544 64.95 -1.04 -9359.97552 64.49 -3.12 -9376.62560 63.57 -5.21 -9394.19568 62.19 -7.30 -9382.71576 60.35 -9.38 -9300.89584 58.06 -11.43 -9100.08592 55.31 -13.41 -8729.16600 52.13 -15.29 -8139.76608 48.55 -17.01 -7291.54616 44.60 -18.51 -6156.96624 40.35 -19.73 -4725.27632 35.86 -20.59 -3005.21640 31.22 -21.04 -1026.36648 26.53 -21.03 1161.13656 21.89 -20.52 3488.46664 17.42 -19.48 5871.51672 13.24 -17.91 8215.49680 9.46 -15.83 10420.55688 6.20 -13.29 12387.92696 3.55 -10.35 14026.16704 1.60 -7.09 15257.04712 0.40 -3.60 16020.69720 0.00 0.00 16279.52
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
DIAGRAMA INDICATĂ
p
V
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 7200
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000p-alfa
[rac]
1. Calculul termic al unui motor cu aprindere prin scanteie
Calculul termic al unui motor, cunoscut şi sub denumirea de " calculul ciclului de lucru al motorului ", se efectueaza în scopul determinări anticipate a parametrilor proceselor cicluluimotor, a indicilor energetici şi de economicitate, a presiunii gazelor în cilindrii motorului.
In cele ce urmează se prezintă calculul termic al motorului având urmatoarele caracteristici:
Pn= 64 kwnn= 6000 rot/mini= 4 numarul de cilindrii dispusi in linie
1,1 Alegerea parametrilor initiali:
Temperatura initiala: T0= 293 K Presiunea initiala: p0= 102000 N/m^2 102000 Temperatura gazelor reziduale: Tr= 1000 K Coeficientul de exces de aer: λ= 0.9 Raportul de comprimare: ε= 9 Presiunea reziduala: pr= 0,11*10^6 N/m^2 110000
1,2 Parametrii procesului de schimbare a gazelor
Se alege urmatoarele marimi:
Presiunea la sfarsitul admisiei: 80000 N/m^2 80000
Preincalzirea amestecului: ∆T= 25 K
Coeficientul de postardere: 1.1
Se calculeaza:
coeficientul gazelor reziduale:
0.05
temperatura la sfarsitul admisiei va fi:
351.27 K
coeficientul de umplere:
0.77
pa=
υp=
γ r=T 0+ΔγT r
⋅prε⋅pa⋅υ p−pr
=293+181000
⋅0 . 11⋅106
(9⋅0 ,08⋅1, 1−0.11 )⋅106=
T a=T0+ΔT+γr⋅T r
1+γr=293+18+0 ,051⋅1000
1+0 ,051=
ηv=Pa⋅T 0
P0T a
⋅εε−1
⋅υ p1+γ r
=0. 11⋅106⋅2930. 08⋅351⋅106
⋅98⋅1,11+0 ,051
=
1,3 Parametrii procesului de comprimare
Se adopta pentru coeficientul politropic de comprimare n1= 1.32
presiunea la sfarsitulcomprimarii:
0.08*10^6*9^1,34= 1454420.9 N/m^2
temperatura la sfarsitul comprimarii:
709.58 K
1,4 Parametrii procesului de ardere
Se adopta urmatoarea compozitie a benzinei:c= 0.854 kgh= 0.142 kgo= 0.004 kgQi= 43500 kj/kg
Se vor mai alege urmatorii parametrii: coeficientul de utilizare a caldurii: ξ= 0.85 masa molara a combustibilului: Mc= 1/114 0.01
Aerul minim necesar arderii a 1 kg de combustibil se calculeaza :
0.507
kmol aer/kg combcantitatea de aer necesar arderii:
0.46 kmol aer/kg comb
cantitatea de incarcatura proaspata, raportata la 1 kg combustibil:
0.47kmol/kg comb
coeficientul teoretic de variatie molara a incarcaturii proaspete pentru λ<1 :
0.89
ηv=Pa⋅T 0
P0T a
⋅εε−1
⋅υ p1+γ r
=0. 11⋅106⋅2930. 08⋅351⋅106
⋅98⋅1,11+0 ,051
=
pc=pa⋅εn1=
T c=T a⋅εn1−1
=351 . 273⋅90 .32 =
Lmin=1
0 ,21⋅( c12
+h4+o
32 )= 10 ,21
⋅( 0 ,85412
+0 ,142
4+
0 ,00432 )=
L= λ⋅Lmin=0,9⋅0 ,504=
M 1=λ⋅Lmin+M c=0,9⋅0 ,507+1
114=
μ0=0 ,79⋅λ⋅Lmin+
h2+c
12λ⋅Lmin+M c
=0 ,79⋅0,9⋅0 ,507+
0 ,1422
+0 ,85412
0,9⋅0 ,507+ 1114
=
coeficientul real de variatie molara a incarcaturii praspete :
0.90
caldura specifica molara medie a amestecului initial :
32.35 kj/kmol K
caldura specifica molara medie a gazelor de ardere pentru l<1 :
caldura specifica degajata de ardera incompleta :
Qai=Qi-ΔQai=Qa-61000*(1-λ)=43500-61000*(1-0,9)= 37400 kj/kg
temperatura la sfarsitul arderii rezulta din urmatoarea ecuatie :
Tz= 2990 K
presiunea la sfarsitul arderii :
6618844.53 N/m^2
tinand cont de rotunjirea diagramei:
5295075.62 N/m^2
coeficientul de corectie a presiunii :Φz= 0.8
gradul de crestere a presiunii:
4.55
C'mv=20+17,4*10^-3*Tc=
C ''mv=(18 ,4+2,6⋅λ )+ (15 ,5+13 ,8⋅λ )⋅10−4⋅T zKj
Kmol⋅K
μ f=μ0+γ r1+γ r
=0. 892+0 ,0511+0 ,051
=
C ''mv=(18 ,4+2,6⋅0,9 )+(15 ,5+13 ,8⋅0,9 )⋅10−4⋅T z=20 ,74+27 ,92⋅10−4⋅T z
ξ⋅Qai
[ λ⋅Lmin+M c ]⋅(1+γR )+C 'mv⋅TC=C ''mv⋅μ⋅T z⋅
0 ,85⋅37400
(0,9⋅0 ,507+1114 )⋅(1+0 ,0513 )
+32 ,9⋅741 ,46=
¿ (20 ,61+27 ,23⋅10−4⋅T z)⋅1.058⋅T z
pz=pc⋅μ f⋅T z
T c
=1, 45⋅106⋅¿⋅1 ,08⋅2990
741, 46=¿
P ' z=Φz⋅P z=0,8⋅6 ,62⋅106=
π=pzpc
=66 ,19⋅105
14 ,54⋅105=
1.5 Destinderea
Se adopta coeficientul politropic al destinderii: n2= 1.23
presiunea la sfarsitul destinderii:
443673.91 N/m^2
temperatura la sfarsitul destinderii:
1803.83 K
1,6 Parametrii principali ai motorului
Se adopta urmatoarele valori:
coeficientul de rotunjire al diagramei: 0.98
randamentul mecanic: 0.85
presiunea medie a ciclului teoretic :
1140170.8 N/m^2
1117367.41 N/m^2
randamentul indicat al motorului:
0.35
presiunea medie efectiva:
949762.29 N/m^2
randamentul efectiv al motorului:
0.30
μr=
ηm=
T b=T z
εn2−1
=299091 , 23−1 =
ηe=ηm⋅ηi=0 ,85⋅0 ,35=
π=pzpc
=66 ,19⋅105
14 ,54⋅105=
pb=pz
εn2=5 ,450⋅106
91 , 23 =
p 'i=pcε−1 [ π
n2−1 (1− 1
εn2−1 )− 1
n1−1 (1− 1
εn1−1 )]
p 'i=1 ,45⋅106
9−1 [ 4 ,551 ,23−1 (1− 1
91 ,23−1 )− 11 ,32−1 (1− 1
91 ,32−1 )]=pi=μr⋅p 'i=0 ,98⋅11 , 4⋅105=
ηi=RM⋅pi⋅M 1⋅T 0
p0⋅ηv⋅Qi
=8 ,314⋅ 1,12⋅106⋅0 ,441⋅2930 ,102⋅106⋅0 ,77⋅43500
=
pe=ηm⋅pi=0 ,85⋅1,12⋅106=
consumul specific efectiv de combustibil :
0.28 kg/kWh 282g/kWh
1.7 Dimensiuni fundamentale ale motorului
raportul cursa- alezaj:Φ=S/D= 0.8
Capacitatea cilindrica va fi :
0.34 dm^3
se determina alezajul si cursa:
0.81 81.26 mm
65.01 mm
viteza medie a pistonului:
13.00 m/s
cilindree totala a motorului:
1.35 dm^3
putere litrica a motorului:
34.30 kW/l
1.8 Diagrama indicata
Volumul la sfarsitul cursei de admisie:
0.38 dm^3
Volumul la sfarsitul compresiei:
0.04 dm^3
ge=3600ηe⋅Qi
=36000,3⋅43500
=
D=3√ 4⋅V h
π⋅φ=3√ 4⋅0,5
3 ,14⋅0,8=
S=φ⋅D=0 . 8⋅93=
Pi=Pn
V t
=792 ,00
=
V a=V h⋅ε
ε−1=0 ,50⋅
98=
V c=V a
ε=0.56
9=
V h=120000⋅Pn
pe⋅n⋅i=120000⋅79
6,7⋅5000⋅4=
W m=S⋅n30
=74⋅500030
=
V t=i⋅V h=4⋅0 ,50=
Se traseaza izocorele:
Vc=Vz
Politripa ac care reprezinta procesul de comprimare se traseaza prin puncte:
Politropa destinderii zb se traseaza analog:
Se adopta:
30 0.524
unghi de avans la DSE 60 1.047
raportul dintre raza manivelei si lungimea biel 0.278
5.48 mm
1745305.05
19.64 mm
261836.96
3.50 dm3
Vb'=Va-PI()*D^2*Xev/4= -0.87 dm3
D= 0.081 m 0.28
S= 0.065 m Ap= 0.005 n1= 1.32 n2= 1.23
Va= 0.38 pa= 80000
Vb=Va
unghi de avans la aprindere {20...40oRAC} as = oRAC
adse = oRAC
lb = 1/3,6=
Xs = (S/2)*{[1-cos(as)]+(lb/4)*[1-cos(2as)]} =
p''c = {1,15..1,25}*pc = 1,2*pc = [N/m2]
Xev = (S/2)*{[1-cos(aev)]+(lb/4)*(1-cos(2aev)]} =
p'a = (pa+pb)/2 = [N/m2]
Vc'=p*D2*Xs/4=
1. 9 Trasarea Diagramei indicate
λb=
m2
dm3 N/m2
V c=V a
ε=0.56
9=
px=pa(V a
V x)n1
px=pz (V z
V x)n2
Vc= 0.04 pz= 6618844.53
Vz= 0.04 p'I= 1140170.82
Vt= 1.35
alfa Xp Vx px grd m l N/m^2
0 0 0.0421158 1020008 0.000404 0.0442085 80000
16 0.001602 0.0504194 8000024 0.003557 0.060551 8000032 0.006207 0.0742845 8000040 0.009469 0.0911961 8000048 0.013247 0.1107768 8000056 0.01743 0.1324569 8000064 0.021901 0.155631 8000072 0.026542 0.1796844 8000080 0.031237 0.2040178 8000088 0.035877 0.2280689 8000096 0.040365 0.2513302 80000
104 0.044616 0.2733622 80000112 0.048559 0.2938007 80000120 0.05214 0.3123589 80000128 0.055316 0.3288243 80000136 0.058061 0.3430518 80000144 0.060357 0.3549523 80000152 0.062196 0.3644801 80000160 0.063573 0.3716196 80000168 0.06449 0.3763723 80000176 0.064948 0.3787457 80000180 0.065005 0.3790422 80000184 0.064948 0.3787457 80082.683192 0.06449 0.3763723 80749.954200 0.063573 0.3716196 82115.918208 0.062196 0.3644801 84245.773216 0.060357 0.3549523 87243.524224 0.058061 0.3430518 91260.471232 0.055316 0.3288243 96508.407240 0.05214 0.3123589 103279.6248 0.048559 0.2938007 111976.75256 0.044616 0.2733622 123158264 0.040365 0.2513302 137605.11272 0.035877 0.2280689 156426.52280 0.031237 0.2040178 181215.65288 0.026542 0.1796844 214291296 0.021901 0.155631 259054.36304 0.01743 0.1324569 320493.52312 0.013247 0.1107768 405774.8320 0.009469 0.0911961 524552.78
dm3 N/m2
dm3 N/m2
dm3
328 0.006207 0.0742845 687657336 0.003557 0.060551 900653344 0.001602 0.0504194 1146907352 0.000404 0.0442085 1364239360 0 0.0421158 1454421364 0.000101 0.04264 6287902368 0.000404 0.0442085 6235595376 0.001602 0.0504194 5304617384 0.003557 0.060551 4234873392 0.006207 0.0742845 3293402400 0.009469 0.0911961 2559052408 0.013247 0.1107768 2014547416 0.01743 0.1324569 1616955424 0.021901 0.155631 1326086432 0.026542 0.1796844 1111225440 0.031237 0.2040178 950512.54448 0.035877 0.2280689 828759.2456 0.040365 0.2513302 735442.3464 0.044616 0.2733622 663225.53472 0.048559 0.2938007 606938.42480 0.05214 0.3123589 562892.43488 0.055316 0.3288243 528425.7496 0.058061 0.3430518 501599.52504 0.060357 0.3549523 480995512 0.062196 0.3644801 451608.93520 0.063573 0.3716196 409138.89528 0.06449 0.3763723 358038.63536 0.064948 0.3787457 262050.59540 0.065005 0.3790422 261837544 0.064948 0.3787457 235845.53552 0.06449 0.3763723 222743560 0.063573 0.3716196 209640.48568 0.062196 0.3644801 196537.95576 0.060357 0.3549523 183435.42584 0.058061 0.3430518 170332.89592 0.055316 0.3288243 157230.36600 0.05214 0.3123589 144127.83608 0.048559 0.2938007 131025.3616 0.044616 0.2733622 117922.77624 0.040365 0.2513302 104820.24632 0.035877 0.2280689 102000640 0.031237 0.2040178 102000648 0.026542 0.1796844 110000656 0.021901 0.155631 110000664 0.01743 0.1324569 110000672 0.013247 0.1107768 110000680 0.009469 0.0911961 110000688 0.006207 0.0742845 110000696 0.003557 0.060551 110000704 0.001602 0.0504194 110000712 0.000404 0.0442085 110000720 0 0.0421158 110000
Calculul cilindrului
Se alege cilindru cu camasa umeda
D= 66.0 [mm]4987500 [N/m^2]
S= 82 [mm]
Grosimea peretilor: *din conditia de rigiditate
5.96 [mm]
*din relatia tensiunilor in plan longitudinal
3.66 [mm]
45 [N/mm^2]
Se alege d= 6 [mm]
camasa umeda a cilindrului se verifica ca tensiunile sumare sa nu depaseasca valorile admisibile:
Verificare cilindrului la solicitari:
*tensiunea de intindere in sectiune transversala
72.0 [mm]
78.0 [mm]
14.96 [N/mm^2]
*tensiunea de incovoiere
2.64 [N/mm^2]
22706.47 [mm^3]
h-distanta intre axa boltului si PMI
*tensiunea totala are urmatoarea expresie
17.60 [N/mm^2]
Inaltimea cilindrului: 1+S+Hp-(10…15)mm= 122 [mm]
pg=
σ i=0,5⋅D⋅pgδ
⇒ δ=0,5⋅D⋅pgσ i
=
σ i=38 . .. 59 [N /mm2 ]=
σ t=0 ,25⋅pgDmed
δ; Dmed=
D+D1
2=
d=0 ,06⋅D+2 [mm ]=
D1=D+2⋅d=
σ t=0 ,25⋅pgDmed
δ=
σ i=(N⋅h )max
W=
W=π32
D14−D4
D1
=
σ Σ=σ t+σ i=
α N x y=x+37 h=S-y (N*h)° N [mm] [mm] [mm] [N*mm]
0 0 1.0000 0.00 37.00 45.00 0.008 -391.2 0.9903 0.40 37.40 44.60 -17447.91
16 -739.9 0.9613 1.59 38.59 43.41 -32120.3424 -1008.3 0.9135 3.54 40.54 41.46 -41799.4432 -1167.6 0.8480 6.23 43.23 38.77 -45267.8240 -1200.9 0.7660 9.59 46.59 35.41 -42521.2548 -1105.8 0.6691 13.57 50.57 31.43 -34760.1156 -894.2 0.5592 18.07 55.07 26.93 -24078.0464 -590.8 0.4384 23.03 60.03 21.97 -12981.7872 -229.8 0.3090 28.33 65.33 16.67 -3830.7080 149.7 0.1736 33.88 70.88 11.12 1664.6088 509 0.0349 39.57 76.57 5.43 2764.3296 814.9 -0.1045 45.29 82.29 -0.29 -232.79
104 1043.5 -0.2419 50.92 87.92 -5.92 -6176.27112 1182.5 -0.3746 56.36 93.36 -11.36 -13431.86120 1230.8 -0.5000 61.50 98.50 -16.50 -20308.20128 1196.5 -0.6157 66.24 103.24 -21.24 -25416.20136 1094.4 -0.7193 70.49 107.49 -25.49 -27899.46144 941.7 -0.8090 74.17 111.17 -29.17 -27469.10152 755.2 -0.8829 77.20 114.20 -32.20 -24318.08160 548.6 -0.9397 79.53 116.53 -34.53 -18941.73168 331.9 -0.9781 81.10 118.10 -36.10 -11982.93176 111 -0.9976 81.90 118.90 -36.90 -4095.91180 0 -1.0000 82.00 119.00 -37.00 0.00184 -111 -0.9976 81.90 118.90 -36.90 4095.91192 -332.1 -0.9781 81.10 118.10 -36.10 11990.16200 -549.7 -0.9397 79.53 116.53 -34.53 18979.71208 -758.1 -0.8829 77.20 114.20 -32.20 24411.47216 -948 -0.8090 74.17 111.17 -29.17 27652.87224 -1105.9 -0.7193 70.49 107.49 -25.49 28192.63232 -1215.7 -0.6157 66.24 103.24 -21.24 25824.05240 -1260.7 -0.5000 61.50 98.50 -16.50 20801.55248 -1226.8 -0.3746 56.36 93.36 -11.36 13935.06256 -1106.2 -0.2419 50.92 87.92 -5.92 6547.37264 -900.8 -0.1045 45.29 82.29 -0.29 257.33272 -623.6 0.0349 39.57 76.57 5.43 -3386.70280 -299.1 0.1736 33.88 70.88 11.12 -3325.86288 38.9 0.3090 28.33 65.33 16.67 648.45296 351.2 0.4384 23.03 60.03 21.97 7716.99304 598.8 0.5592 18.07 55.07 26.93 16123.83312 749.1 0.6691 13.57 50.57 31.43 23547.48320 782.2 0.7660 9.59 46.59 35.41 27696.00328 698.2 0.8480 6.23 43.23 38.77 27069.19336 524 0.9135 3.54 40.54 41.46 21722.61344 314.7 0.9613 1.59 38.59 43.41 13661.67352 133.4 0.9903 0.40 37.40 44.60 5949.77
cos α
360 0 1.0000 0.00 37.00 45.00 0.00364 426.1 0.9976 0.10 37.10 44.90 19131.94368 844.7 0.9903 0.40 37.40 44.60 37674.46376 1342.3 0.9613 1.59 38.59 43.41 58271.56384 1443.6 0.9135 3.54 40.54 41.46 59844.96392 1314.4 0.8480 6.23 43.23 38.77 50959.25400 1133.9 0.7660 9.59 46.59 35.41 40148.93408 1012.4 0.6691 13.57 50.57 31.43 31824.14416 993.5 0.5592 18.07 55.07 26.93 26751.88424 1076.7 0.4384 23.03 60.03 21.97 23658.56432 1236.3 0.3090 28.33 65.33 16.67 20608.75440 1434.7 0.1736 33.88 70.88 11.12 15953.25448 1632 0.0349 39.57 76.57 5.43 8863.20456 1792.7 -0.1045 45.29 82.29 -0.29 -512.12464 1890.8 -0.2419 50.92 87.92 -5.92 -11191.26472 1911.5 -0.3746 56.36 93.36 -11.36 -21712.48480 1851.5 -0.5000 61.50 98.50 -16.50 -30549.75488 1718.6 -0.6157 66.24 103.24 -21.24 -36506.71496 1524.7 -0.7193 70.49 107.49 -25.49 -38869.07504 1286.2 -0.8090 74.17 111.17 -29.17 -37518.06512 1008.9 -0.8829 77.20 114.20 -32.20 -32487.44520 711.7 -0.9397 79.53 116.53 -34.53 -24573.15528 415.4 -0.9781 81.10 118.10 -36.10 -14997.62536 129.3 -0.9976 81.90 118.90 -36.90 -4771.19540 0 -1.0000 82.00 119.00 -37.00 0.00544 -126.7 -0.9976 81.90 118.90 -36.90 4675.25552 -374.8 -0.9781 81.10 118.10 -36.10 13531.80560 -612.8 -0.9397 79.53 116.53 -34.53 21158.39568 -834.7 -0.8829 77.20 114.20 -32.20 26879.28576 -1030.6 -0.8090 74.17 111.17 -29.17 30061.62584 -1186.6 -0.7193 70.49 107.49 -25.49 30250.51592 -1286.4 -0.6157 66.24 103.24 -21.24 27326.78600 -1313.2 -0.5000 61.50 98.50 -16.50 21668.54608 -1253.1 -0.3746 56.36 93.36 -11.36 14234.07616 -1098.6 -0.2419 50.92 87.92 -5.92 6502.58624 -851.9 -0.1045 45.29 82.29 -0.29 243.36632 -542.0 0.0349 39.57 76.57 5.43 -2943.48640 -182.2 0.1736 33.88 70.88 11.12 -2025.80648 187.1 0.3090 28.33 65.33 16.67 3119.35656 550.6 0.4384 23.03 60.03 21.97 12099.32664 857.4 0.5592 18.07 55.07 26.93 23086.08672 1073.0 0.6691 13.57 50.57 31.43 33727.85680 1172.6 0.7660 9.59 46.59 35.41 41520.21688 1144.4 0.8480 6.23 43.23 38.77 44367.63696 990.6 0.9135 3.54 40.54 41.46 41067.56704 728.0 0.9613 1.59 38.59 43.41 31603.35712 385.2 0.9903 0.40 37.40 44.60 17180.50720 0.0 1.0000 0.00 37.00 45.00 0.00
Calculul pistonului
Caracteristica dimensionala MAS Valoarea [UM]a pistonului
0.35-0.45 26 mm0.235-0.27 16 mm
A/D 0.27-0.34 21 mm0.2-0.285 16 mm0.43-0.52 34 mm
H/D 0.64-0.8 49 mm0.06-0.12 7 mm0.08-0.1 6 mm0.035-0.4 3.0 mm *0.08-0.1 6 mm
*Calculul capului pistonului
25.13 [mm]
26 [mm]
*Calculul zonei port-segmenti
" la incovoiere:
HK/DDB/D
HKO/DHS/D
HFS/DSB/Dhc/Dδ/D
Se adopta di=
σ rl=0 ,1875⋅( pg max−1)d i
2
δ2⇒
⇒d i=√σ rl⋅δ2
0 ,1875⋅( pg max−1)=
σ rl=200 .. . 300⋅105 [N /m2 ]σ rl=250⋅105 [N /m2 ]
σ i=M i
W z
=2 ,28⋅pg max⋅(R p−rhc )
2
[N /mm2 ] ,
unde :
¿M i=0 ,76⋅pg max⋅π⋅(R p2−r2 )⋅
R p−r2
[N⋅m ]
¿W z=2⋅π⋅(Rp−R p−r2 )⋅hc
2
2[m3 ]
Rp= 33 [mm]r= 29 [mm]
20.22 [N/mm^2]
" la forfecare:
3.79 [N/mm^2]
Efortul unitar:
21.59 [N/mm^2]
*Calculul efortului unitar din dreptul gaurilor de ungere
3.84 [N/mm^2]
4445 [mm^2]
*Calculul presiunii specifice pe manta
0.95 [N/mm^2]
Ac-c=
σ i=M i
W z
=2 ,28⋅pg max⋅(R p−rhc )
2
[N /mm2 ] ,
unde :
¿M i=0 ,76⋅pg max⋅π⋅(R p2−r2 )⋅
R p−r2
[N⋅m ]
¿W z=2⋅π⋅(Rp−R p−r2 )⋅hc
2
2[m3 ]
σ i=
τ f=0 ,76⋅pg⋅π⋅(R p
2−r2)π⋅(Rp
2−r2 )=0 ,76⋅pg=
σ ech=√σ i2+4⋅τ2=
σC−C=pg⋅π⋅D2
4⋅AC−C=
σ ad=20 .. . 40 [N /mm2 ]
pmt=Nmax
D∗L−Aev
=
pad=0,4 .. . 0,7 [N /mm2 ]
Calculul boltului
Dimensiunile constructive MAS Valoare [UM]ale boltului
(0,24-0,28)D 19 [mm]13 [mm]
Lungimea boltului flotant (0,8-0,87)D 63 [mm]Lungimea de contact cu (0,3-0,4)D 26 [mm]
Lungimea de contact cu 33 [mm]
*Verificarea la uzura
^forta care solicita boltul este:
13700.93 [N]
masa pistonului 0.35 [kg]masa segmentilor 0.014 [kg]raza manivelei r= 41 [mm]viteza unghiulara 397.93 s^-1raportul r/l 0.28
^presiunea in locasurile din piston:
11.22 [MPa]
^presiunea in locasurile din piston:
28.48 [MPa]
*Verificarea la incovoiere
Diametrul exterior de
Diametrul interior di (0,65-0,75)de
piciorul bielei lb
pistonul lp
mp=ms=
ω=λ=
≤psa=40…90[MPa]
≤psa=25…54[MPa]
F=Fgmax−F jamx
=π⋅D2
4( pgmax
−1)−(m p+ms)⋅a pmax
F=π⋅D2
4( pgmax
−1)−(m p+ms)⋅r⋅ω2 ¿(1+λ )=
pspiston=F
2⋅de¿l p=
psbiela=F
de¿ lb=
M imax=F
2 (l2 −23l p)−F
2⋅lb4
M imax=F
2 (l2 −23l p−
lb4 )=
20551.397 [N*mm]
43.72 [MPa]
470.04 [mm^3]
*Verificarea la forfecare
50.35 [MPa]
masa boltului 0.083 [kg]
≤σa=340…360[MPa]
≤ζfa=150…220[MPa]
mb=
M imax=F
2 (l2 −23l p)−F
2⋅lb4
M imax=F
2 (l2 −23l p−
lb4 )=
σ imax=M i
max
W=
W=π⋅de
3
32 (1−d i4
de4 )=
τ f=
F2
π4⋅(de2−d i
2)=
Calculul bielei
*Calculul piciorului bielei
Dimensiunile constructive MAS Valoare [UM]ale bieleiDiametrul exterior 19 [mm]al boltului dDiametrul exterior (1,25-1,65)d 31 [mm]
Grosimea radiala (0,16-0,27)d 3.57 [mm]
Latimea piciorului bielei a 26 [mm]Grosimea radiala (0,075-0,085)d
1.47 [mm]
*Solicitarea de tractiune
^forta de inertie care actioneaza:
3707.04 [N]
^forta normala si momentul care iau nastere in urma tractiunii in sectiunea 0-0:
1946.88 [N]
-2575.76 [N*mm]
2.27 [radiani]24
^forta normala si momentul care iau nastere in urma tractiunii in sectiunea I-I:
1793.51 [N]
al piciorului de
a piciorului hp
a bucsei hb
φi= 130° =rm=
F t=(mp+ms+mb )⋅r⋅ω2⋅(1+λ )=
N0tr=F t (0 ,527−0 ,0008⋅ϕi )=
M 0tr=F t⋅rm⋅(0 ,00033⋅ϕi−0 ,0297 )=
N Itr=N0
tr⋅cos ϕi+0,5⋅F t⋅(1−cosϕi)=M I
tr=M 0tr+N0
tr rm(1−cosϕi)−0,5 F t rm(sinϕi−cos ϕi)=
11512.56 [N*mm]
^tensiunile in sectiunile de incastrare I-I:
-203.37 [N/mm^2]
234.87 [N/mm^2]
0.82
38.26 [mm]92.93 [mm]
115000 [N/mm^2]210000 [N/mm^2]
Se constata ca
*Solicitarea de compresiune
^forta maxima care actioneaza:
13014.05 [N]
^forta normala si momentul care iau nastere in urma compresiunii in sectiunea 0-0:
110619.44 [N]
937011.73 [N*mm]
^forta normala si momentul care iau nastere in urma compresiunii in sectiunea I-I:
-66630.73 [N]
5191015.7243 [N*mm]
^tensiunile in sectiunile de incastrare I-I:
-99386.44 [N/mm^2]
Ab-aria sectiunii bucseiAp-aria sectiunii picioruluiEBZ-modulul de elasticitate al bucseiEOL-modulul de elasticitate al bielei
N Itr=N0
tr⋅cos ϕi+0,5⋅F t⋅(1−cosϕi)=M I
tr=M 0tr+N0
tr rm(1−cosϕi)−0,5 F t rm(sinϕi−cos ϕi)=
σ I trint =[−2M I
tr6 rm−hph p (2 rm−hp )
+kN Itr]1a⋅hp =
σ I trext =[2M I
tr6 rm+h ph p(2 rm+hp )
+kN Itr ]1a⋅h p =
k=1
1+Ab
A p
⋅EBZ
EOL
=
σ I trext >σ I tr
int
Fc=πD2
4( pgmax
−1)−F t=
N0c=Fc⋅103⋅8,5=
M 0c=Fc⋅rm⋅103⋅3=
N Ic=N0
c cos ϕc+Fc(sinϕc2
−sinϕcπ
−cos ϕcπ )=
M Ic=M 0
c+N 0c rm(1−cos ϕi )−
−Fc rm(sinϕc2
−sinϕcπ
−1π
cosϕc)=
σ I cint =[−2M I
c6 rm−h php (2 rm−h p )
+kN Ic ]1a⋅h p =
σ I cext=[2M I
c6 rm+hphp (2 rm+hp )
+kN Ic]1a⋅hp =
98216.28 [N/mm^2]
Se constata ca
*Solicitarea de fretaj
^Strangerea la montaj:
0.002 [mm]
^Strangerea termica:
0.02 [mm]
0.000018 [1/K] coeficient de dilatare al bucsei0.00001 [1/K] coeficient de dilatare al bielei
400 [K] temperatura piciorului bielei297 [K] temperatura mediului ambiant
21.44 [mm] diametrul interior al piciorului bielei31 diametrul exterior al piciorului bielei
d= 19 diametrul boltului
^Presiunea datorata strangerii:
11.99 [N/mm^2]
v= 0.3 coeficientul lui Poisson
$in fibra interioara:
33.08 [N/mm^2]
$in fibra exterioara:
21.08 [N/mm^2]
255.95 [N/mm^2]
αBZ=αOL=
tf=t0=di=de=
^Tensiunile produse de presiunea pf:
*Solicitarea de oboseala-ciclu asimetric
σ I cint =[−2M I
c6 rm−h php (2 rm−h p )
+kN Ic ]1a⋅h p =
σ I cext=[2M I
c6 rm+hphp (2 rm+hp )
+kN Ic]1a⋅hp =
σ I cext<σ I c
int
Sterm=di⋅(αBZ−αOL)⋅( t f−t0 )=
Smont=
p f=Smont+S term
d i ( de2+d i
2
de2−d i
2+υ
EOL+
d i2+d2
d i2−d2
+υ
EBZ)=
σ if=p f⋅
de2+d i
2
de2−di
2=
σ ef=p f⋅
2⋅d i2
de2−d i
2=
σmax=σef +σe
t=σmin=σe
f +σec=
98237.37 [N/mm^2]
49246.661
-48990.71
5
-0.00046
350 [N/mm^2] rezistenta la oboseala1 coeficient de concentrare
0.085 factorul dimensional0.15 coeficient ce depinde de caracteristicile materialului0.75 coeficient de calitate al suprafetei
-48990.7 [N/mm^2]
*Calculul tijei bielei
*Solicitarea la tractiune
h B a H0,666H 0,75H 0,167H
24 16.8 26 18.89 4.21 25
6611.03
0.35 [kg]
29.33 [N/mm^2]
225 [mm^2] aria sectiunii bielei la mijlocul acesteia
*Solicitarea la compresiune
σ-1t=βk=ε=ψ=γ=
σa=
Hp Ht
(0,48-1)de (1,1-1,35)Hp (Hp+Ht)/2
mIB=
≤σat
AM-M=
σmax=σef +σe
t=σmin=σe
f +σec=
σm=σmax+σmin
2=
σmin=σmax−σmin
2=
cσ≥cσa=2,5 .. . 4,5=
F t=(mp+ms+mb+mIB)⋅r⋅ω2⋅(1+ λ)=
σ t=F t
AM−M
=
Fc=F gmax−F t=
=π⋅D2
4⋅( pgmax
−1)−(m p+ms+mb+m IB)⋅r⋅ω2 ¿(1+λ )=
C=σ−1t
βkε⋅γ
⋅σmin+ψ⋅σm
=
10110.06 [N]
44.86 [N/mm^2]
*Solicitarea la flambaj
^in planul de oscilatie:
^in planul de incastrare:
34000 [mm^4] modul de rezistenta pe X8440 [mm^4] modul de rezistenta pe Y
l= 117.0095 [mm]100 [mm]200 [N/mm^2] limita de elasticitate
44.86 [N/mm^2]
29.33 [N/mm^2]
37.09614 [N/mm^2]
7.7626668 [N/mm^2]
0.75
*Calculul capului bielei
*Solicitarea la tractiune
11804.86 [N]
0.96 [kg]0.16 [kg]
*Solicitarea la compresiune
≤σac
IX=IY=
l1=σe=
*Solicitarea de oboseala-ciclu asimetric
<Ca=2-2,5
mIIB=mcp=
Fc=F gmax−F t=
=π⋅D2
4⋅( pgmax
−1)−(m p+ms+mb+m IB)⋅r⋅ω2 ¿(1+λ )=
σ c=Fc
AM−M
=
σ f 0=
σeπ2 ¿E
¿ l2
I X¿Fc=
σ f 0=
σeπ2 ¿E
¿l1
2
I Y¿Fc=
C=σ−1t
βkε⋅γ
⋅σmin+ψ⋅σm
=
σmax=σc=σmin=σ t=
σm=σmax+σmin
2=
σmin=σmax−σmin
2=
F t=(mp+ms+mb+mIB)⋅r⋅ω2⋅(1+ λ)+(mIIB−mcp )⋅r⋅ω
2=
55079.494 [N]
^Tensiunea in fibra interioara:
*Calculul suruburilor de biela
*Forta de intindere maxima:
11804.86 [N]
*Forta care solicita un surub:
5902.43 [N]
*Forta de strangere prealabila:
29512.141 [N]
*Forta reala care actioneaza asupra unui surub:
29954.823 [N]
20.15
*Diametrul fundului filetului:
9.09 [mm]
5.5 [mm]
Zs=χ=
se adopta ds=
Fc=F gmax−F t=
σ=F t [ 0 ,023de
(1+I cuzI cp )W cp
+0,4
Acp+Acuz ]≤100 . . .150 [N /mm2 ]
F t=(mp+ms+mb+mIB)⋅r⋅ω2⋅(1+ λ)+(mIIB−mcp )⋅r⋅ω
2=
F t 1=F t
z=
F sp=(2. . . 3)⋅F t=
F s=F sp+ χ⋅F t
z=
d s=√cc⋅4π⋅c1
c2
⋅F s
σc=
2 coeficient de siguranta1.3 factor ce tine seama de torsiunea la strangerea piulitei1.2 factor ce tine seama de curgerea materialului in zona filetata
1000 [N/mm^2] limita de curgere a materialului surubului
*Diametrul partii nefiletate:
8.73 [mm]
*Calculul la oboseala:
1260.82 [N/mm^2]
1242.18 [N/mm^2]
23.76 [mm] Aria sectiunii surubului in partea filetata
9.32 [N/mm^2]
1251.50 [N/mm^2]
*Coeficientul de siguranta:
0.007
cc=c1=c2=σc=
As=
d s'=√cc⋅4
π⋅F s
σc=
σmax=F s
A s
=
σmin=F sp
A s
=
σmin=σmax−σmin
2=
σm=σmax+σmin
2=
C=σ−1t
βkε⋅γ
⋅σmin+ψ⋅σm
=
