ccupational - pdf.usaid.gov

ccupational

"2 Dokki Street, 6th Flu01 Giza, -jypt

TEL 02 3-1 445 FAX 02-748-0

USAID Project No. .WAk-h4

Course Naes

Introduction to Occupational Health and Safety

KH Consulting Engineers Dr. Khaled Hamdy

404 Eng. Ahmed Osman

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Course Notes

Section 1

Introduction and Course 0 bjectives

OHSMS Cavv 3 Q A I P W -

Course Objective To provide delegates with an introduction about Occupational Health and Safety (OHS).

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Course Notes

Trainers' Profiles

Dr. Khaled Hamdy: - Dr. Hamdy has 18 years international

experience in the engineering, quality and safety fields. He is an IRCA registqred Lead Auditor and a Registered Professional Engineer in the Province of Ontario, Canada. Dr. Hamdy is an expert in business process analysis and design, Total Quality Management, Risk Management, Project Management, IS0 9000, IS0 14000 and OHSAS 18001.

OHSMS C o w 7 O M U g u l M

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Trainers' Profiles

Eng. Ahmed Osman: - Eng. Ahmed Osman holds a Bachelor of

Engineering degree from the facutly of engineering ,Cairo University. He is an occupational health and safety manager in a multinational company working in the field of home and personal products. He is a certified trainer in the OH&S risk assessments and safety frame work standards.

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Course Notes

Section 2

Safety Definitions and Development of Safety

Management

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KH Consulting Engineers 6

TOTAL COST OF LOST TIME INJURIES AND OCCUPATIONAL DEATHS

Total Costs USA = $l2lJ000,000,000 mw*md

Producavny Loa

$19 Billion r n ~ l u d ~

$60.2 Billion

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S2S6 Blltkn ge w l i ~ n $11.3 Billion

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Course Notes

Functional Vocabulary

Safety - Control of accidental loss Accident - An event that results in unintended harm or damage Incident -An event which could or does result in unintended harm or damage

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Near Miss

An unplanned single event, without loss, that has the potential to result in fatali injury, damage to property and/or another form of accidental loss.

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Course Notes


Loss -Avoidable waste of any resource Risk - Chance of loss Risk Evaluation - An assessment of the probability and severity of results if a hazard should result in loss Hazard - A condition or practice with the potential for accidental loss

OHSMS Come 19 mmF2gM.-


Hazard Identification

The process of recognising that a hazard exists and defining its characteristics.

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Course Notes

Risk Assessment

The overall process of estimating the magnitude of risk and deciding whether or not the risk is tolerable or acceptable.

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Loss Control - Anything done to reduce loss from the risks of business such as: - The prevention of loss exposures -The reduction of loss when loss producing

events occur -The termination or avoidance of risk

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Course Notes

Management System

system to establish policy and objectives and to achieve those objectives.

NOTE: A management system of an organization can include different management systems, such as a quality management system, an environmental management system or an Occupational Health and Safety Management System.

OHSMS co- 21 e*ua*ul-


Management System

A management system is the framework for or method of guiding an organisation to achieve and sustain performance in accordance with established goals and in response to constantly changing regulations, safety risks and social, economic and competitive pressures.

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Course Notes


Management System - The leadership and structure that ensure work is done in a consistent manner over time; an organization strategy for the use of information. Loss Control Management - The application of professional management skills to the control of loss. m OHSMS Cow+ 31

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Occupational Health and Safety

Conditions and factors that affect the well-being of employees, temporary workers, contractor personnel, vislors and any other person in the workplace.

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Course. Notes

Risk and Tolerable Risk

Risk is a function of the probability of contact with (or exposure to) a hazard, multiplied by the likely severity of the consequences of that contact or exposure.

In OHSAS 18001, a risk which is not significant is defined as a "tolerable" risk.

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Caust Notes

Significant Risk

A significant risk is one where additional control measures are required to eliminate or reduce the risk of loss to a level which is comparable with other accepted business risks.

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Course Notes

Continual Improvement

Process of enhancing the safety management system to achieve improvements in overall safety performance in line with the organisation's safety policy.

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Development of Safety Management

High costs associated with failure to control risks. Legislation requiring employers to assess and manage risks. Public opinion on risk acceptability moving against poorly managed organizations whim impose excessive risks. High profile disasters have highlighted the need to manage Health and Safety. Growing awareness that risk can and should

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Course Notes

Concerns and Expectations regarding OHSMS

Concerns: Expectations: Fearlresistance to Risks and losses will be change minimized Fear of external Compliance to rules, Pressure legislation, company Increased cost standards and practices . Inadequate knowledge Improved Safety and Health as to approach Reliable Operations Seemingly huge task Reduced accidents,

pollution costs. OHSMS Co- 43

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Integrated Management Systems

Meeting the needs of all Stakeholders

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Course Notes

Integrated Management Systems

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Ccuse Notes

Section 3

OHSAS 18001 A Standard for Occupational

Health and Safety Management Systems m O H P O ~

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OHSAS 18001 h U l 3 L d i ~ ~ ~ ~

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Course Notes

What is OHSAS?

OHSAS = Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series. Issued by British Standards Institute in 1999 and 2000. OHSAS Documents: - OHSAS 18001 Specification. - OHSAS 18002 Guidance.

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KH Consulting Enghms

Why Choose OHSAS 180017

Fonns an umbrella document for a11 the risWsafety management systems. A roadmap. Complements the existing systems. Provides a system for identlfylng and prioritizing safety Issues for the whole organization, not Just indMduai dep- 1 and speciflc operations. Complements existing management systems such as IS0 9001 and IS0 14001. Simplifies and provides greater clarity whilst avoiding duplication. IJM -Cer 21

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Course Notes

A Three Pronged OHSMS Approach Sets framework for:

Management Goal Setting

Setting up a structured system with essential elements and methods

Enables internal and external evaluation for further system development (improvement)

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OHSAS 18001 Model

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OHSAS 18001

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Course Notes

Key OHSAS 18001 Terminology

"Establish and maintain" -The process of setting up a system and

ensuring that it operates at a level defined by management

"Identify and evaluate" - The use of various techniques and

processes to become aware of, and then prioritize the risks, hazards and situations affecting the OH&S management system

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'Documented procedure" - A step-by-step written (in paper or

electronic form) description of how to proceed, from start to finish, in performing

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Course Notes


"Shall be quantified" - Expressed as a number or percentage, i.e., 480

fire extinguishers serviced; 68% of inspections completed by supervisors in Area X; reduce work permit violations by 20% in fiscal year 200212003

"Legal and other requirements" - Legal: locallmunicipal, regional and national laws - Other requirements: OSHA-PSM, ANSI, CMA, BS

8800, etc.

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OHSAS 18001 Elements

4.2 OH&S Policy 4.3 Planning 4.3.1 Planning for hazard identification,

risk assessment and risk control 4.3.2 Legal and other requirements 4.3.3 Objectives 4.3.4 OH&S Management Program(s)

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Course Notes


4.4 Implementation and operation 4.4.1 Structure and responsibility e 4.4.2 Training, awareness and competence 4.4.3 Consultation and Communication 4.4.4 Documentation 4.4.5 Document and data control 4.4.6 Operational control 4.4.7 Emergency preparedness and response

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4.5 Checking and Corrective Action 4.5.1 Performance measurement and

monitoring 4.5.2 Accidents, incidents, nonconfomances

and correctbe and preventive action 4.5.3 Records and records management 4.5.4 Audii

4.6 Management Review m O H s M S C M c ou--

Course Notes

OHSAS I8002

The OHSAS 18002 is a Guidance document which: - Provides generic advice - Explains the underlying principles:

The intent Typical inputs

- Does not create additional requirements - Is intended to address OH&S rather than

product and service safety m OHSMS C o w 71 0 U ~ ~ ' d

OHSAS 18002

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Section 4

Identifying Loss Exposures

Course Notes

Loss Control Management

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OHSMS Come 76 O U RIIM. Rnrml


Risk Assessment & Hazard Awareness

- The primoy skill required to compkte a'suitabk 6 sufficient'

risk oJJcsrmurt is that of H a z d I d c n t i f i

It is a 'golden ruk' not dismiss a y hozard that you identify bunuse you think that it is

Imigdf icont + Thought to be Suitably controlled + Unlikely to be iluoliscd. or

I t hos n e w caused a probkm in thc past

Circumstance howcw can result in e m the most mina* hamd triggeriq a wy significant incidentl

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Course Notes

Hazard Awareness & Identification

We will now concentmte on Hazard Awareness & Identificution

I t is important to identify k o r d s correctly os we will see.

There are many techniques.

For the moment we will concentmte on the correct identification of a hazard, as you will hove to do this during a Risk Assessment.

OHSMS C o w i9 OAJIRWn-


Hazard fdentif ication

Whcn looking for holards:

Mducacfulobsawtiofthekcotion/tookctc Identify *w full mngc of possibk h a d

Findoutucoct lywhotproccduvs/~arefolkwod - Do not dismiss any hazard wimout oscsmmt Inckrdc on occuFote dcscriptimn of *Ic p o t d i l bss / hmm (This muy help you t o identify more, krr obvious, homrb & risks)

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A palkt of goo& stood on the floor may be a ing hazard or my fom an obstruction, but if it folls from a farkli tndc when being m d it is a wry diffcnnt M

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Course Notes


Do not record hozards that are not hozards !

eg. N o t wearing eye protection when using an abrasive wheel is not o hozord ......

....... flying debris from the abrasive wheel is the hozard!

A damaged electrical extension is not a hozard ......

...... the electricity IS the homrdl

Listing hazards that are not hazards will lead to confusion and foil t o identify both the real issue, and the best control measure.

OHSMS C o v r 13 ouF3,w.-



I n the previous uompk of m obmsiue wheel the hazard is not a l t d by ttW @or wmring / not w i n g safety g b .

The operator is mon wlnembk to injuy by not wiq safety gbsses thuufore the ridc of injuy is hi*.

So, considering that cpcrators do not like to wem PPC. a can &h/ farget to wear it, we should mlly lodc at mrthodr to redm or elimimte the h a r d ond m o u e the degree of nliaKc on PPE.

We will discuss Vulncmbilii EnhaKiq Factws bts on in thc

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Course Notes


Thinking about how loss or harm could occur can help to identify hazards and broaden the scope of an assessment.

For examp k;

When assessing the task of working on a roof we may focus on what can happen to the persons working a t height, and how they could be injured by falling off, or through the roof. Certainly they are the ones a t most risk.

But if we consider how people in general may be harmed by working a t heights falling is just one possibility - something may be dropped onto a passer-by that hos nothing t o do with the task and couse him or her injury.

.......... Consider all the possibilities. OHSMS Come 17

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Aids to Hazard Identifidon incluck:

.Accident /Incident Invcstiiions -Accident Statistics .'b Miss' .Workpba Inspections / Audits -Discussions with Opcrotors -0ocuncntution / Legislation / Safcty Akrts -.Safety Organisations 6 Safety Publications -Specialist Safety Analyses Techn~ques, cg.

+ RLliminwy h a r d A s r c r n n n h (PHA) + H a z d d Operability Studii (HAZOPS) + Fault Tree Analyses (FTA) +Task h z d AIKIbIiS ( THA)

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Course Notes


Identify all potential hazards associated with a task from.

- Material Safety Data Sheets Equipment manwls - Observe practices

- Observe Start up procedures - Abnormal working conditions - The Working Environment - Review sickness & accident records - Ask the operators I

Only a full understanding of what is actwlly done, and what equipment and materials are used, will result in the completion o f a suitable & sufficient risk assessment.

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Hazard Identification - Enemies ~ s w c l l o s * K m a u r i ~ l h o z a ~ d s . d o m t f a p l t t h o n ~ m o y k due t o cnugy.

Stored Eneqy - Hydraulic / Conprrrsiw - Kinetic / MLEhanical - Pncvnotii - Ekctriil

Physical Energy - TunpuPtur - Noin - Vibmtii - Radiation - Rccsuu

Chemicol Energy - Foaming / Sassing - Exothermic Rcoctiom

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~ ----

Course Notes

Hazard Identification - Syndicate Work

Breok into your syndicate groups.

Identify the hazards associated with the following tasks.

Remember to think of "who might be hormed'and 'how'.

Don't worry about Risk for the moment,

We will consider Risk later on.

We will review the identified hazards informally as a group.

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Risk Assessment

..... Is the process by which results are considered against judgment, standards and criteria to show that measures are in place and adequate

M4 e u v - n

Course Notes

Risk Assessment

Asks the questions: -What can go wrong? - How serious would it be? - How likely is it to happen? -What should we do about it?

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Risk Assessment

Haw my pcopk huc ha= enr done o risk asesmmt?

h n y p ~ o n o n ~ p b n ) h o s . ~ b o r t s c ~ l t i i m c s a d o y , u d c r t o k a r i s k ~ o f sorts.

W h a t ~ ~ n o t ~ w n o t d o w i s u n d c r t a k c n a p b m d p . q p m of struauvd risk -s. and docuncntcd *urn together with a list of octions for improvcmcntl

Whot yw will b n on this cow* is h a to phn. udcrtdu and documcnt risk asrunncnts, idurtify actions to reduce ri*. ad set p r i w i t i i for risk monqlunnt.

OiL9(3Cm 101 O M I S . -

Course Notes

rII Risk It!!!

The concept of Risk Assessment is not new

I t it something that we all do, consciously or subconsciously, every day.

We assess risk to maintain our personal well being, e.g. when;

- crossing a busy road - walking up / down stairs - predicting the weather - upsettirrg your boss!

It makes good sense t o think things th roqh before you act (particularly if it involves giving your boss bad news !.)

O?UMS Co- 103 0 All lll#hu -


Shall I Risk It ?

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- * m t v c o f * ~

- the pottnthl outcanw of exposwe t o the hcuard. and

- thc pmbablity of ihd outcome

-.m may feel thc n d t o seek a method to;

- ~ * r c p o t e n t i i i r i s k i n s o m r w u y ,

-wi th a viw to redudq thc risk,

m - by improving thc contmis and defenar in phcc c i u u s a 165

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Course Notes

I'll Risk It!!! (A Group Exercise)

Ftrst - What are the hazards 7

Lets think about somethtng stmpk that we all do ewry day.

Crossina a mad

Next - What controls are in place 7

Second - What 1s the potentla1 outcome of exposure t o each hazard 3

........ So are you going t o take the r~sk ?

O m s C o w 107 O U ~ l r u n l

M Consulting Engineers

Risk Manaaement

Thac is o direct connection kt*ecn

A - The cmsm of major disnstay, fatalities. etc and - Minor 'cvuydoy' incidents

Eg. How inany times h4H YOU .newly' been hit by o vchick whilst crossing thc rood ?

RiskoJsumanthnsamajorroktopky inmmgingriskby reducing the probability that inci- (the nccr miss) will ocar.

It is often only o mottv of chonce ihot o 'nmr-tnis* incident will result in rrriouo injtry, dcoth or swiarr domq)L to p h t rtc

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Course. Notes

7

So What is Risk Assessment ?

The systematic identification of the hazards associated with;

- Locations - the areas where people work

Process Equipment - the manufacturing pknt & quipment

Auxiliary Equipment - tools. vehicles, etc

Tasks - the jobs that people do

The ewlwtion a d documentation of the risks associated with all the identified hazards should enable us to monoge risk in the workplace, and prevent loss.

O n w s co- 111 e*onhnac-d


So What is Risk Assessment ?

Occupational HeaM 6 Safely Risk cnn not be done in isolation from the location, task. quip-. or pwcs~.

It is-than justopoperexuuir

Occuptimml Health 6 Safety Risk AJJusmcnt is on odu process involving the osasoors and the @ors in h plant a locationwhvcthetaskor process isbcingcoricdovt.

Obouwtions must be mode of how things arc actrPlly daw in practice. and not how they should be d m oceordig to p a d u e .

O I B U I k 111 0u.y.-

Course. Notes

What is the output from a Risk Assessment ?

A individml risk assessment should;

Identify all the hazards involved (with location/equipment/task) Identify what controls and defences ore already in place Evaluate the severity of exposure t o the hazard Estimate the probability (likel~hood) that exposure will take phce Qualitatively Score, or Rank, the risk;

Negligible + Low + Medium + High Umcceptoble

The assessment con then be reviewed for options to reduce the inherent risk (We will discuss how this con be done k te r od)

OHSMS C o w 115 o*ulu#mamr

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What is the o u t ~ u t from a Risk Assessment Prosram?

A risk assmmt pugnnn should:

Identify tho* locat~ons, phnt, equipment 6 tasks whar there is a ' s g n ~ f i risk* of loss.

Allow the pioritidion of actions and / a resowee to rcdua 'signiftcont risks. to -totoJCPObk riskf. a to mitimir risk.

OIIM- H 117 0uIC-

Course Notes

Accident Costs Iceberg

Uninsured Miscellaneous Costs

Ledger Costs of Property Damage (Uninsured Costs)

KH OHSMS C a w 119 O M . l l l l W


Course Nof,tes

I Establishing the Degree of Controt

Kfi Consulting Engineers

Course Notes Dcc-0 !

Risk Criteria and Tolerance

Tolerable If A M R P

[as LZAW AS

Reasonably Practicable)

Possibly ~ssigniBcantr*

Negligible

K I T Consulting Engineers i i2

7

Factors in Threshold Level of Risk Toleration

Background risk Availability of resources Availability of capital Availability of practical solutions Previous loss history / experience Contingency plans External factors Management discretion m -Car 1+1

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Course Notes

Group Risk Assessment

A Semi-Quantitative Approach to OHSAS 4.3.1 A practical way to evaluate: - Activities, Products and Services - Work situations - Processes - Loss exposures, risks and hazards

KW OHSMSC- 127 0UIIugW-


. ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~ -

Steps for Conducting a Group Risk Assessment

Define System 1 Scope Identify item(s) List wncem(s) State impact explanation and rating State probability explanation and rating Determine risk level Plan risk controls Know the residual risks

Course Notes

Section 5

Introduction to Task Hazard Analysis

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Task Hazard Analysis

Task Analysis Methodology Job Hazard Analysis Job Safety Analysis Task Based Risk Assessment

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Course Notes Dec-0 1

Task Based Risk Assessment

A structured Methodology to identify: Foreseeable hazards associated with tasks ldentify who may be at risk and how Evaluate level of risk Identify and recommend controls and safeguards Develop solutions

Final Obiective: Eliminate or minimize hazards and risks

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Jobs and Tasks JOB:

A function in the organization, e.g. plant operator, warehouse operator, lab technician, which consist of number of task TASK:

A specific activity undertaken while somebody , is doing their job, e.g., charging a mixing vessel, loading finished goods for dispatch, performing a particular analytical test. ,

A task can be broken down into a sequence of steps

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Course Notes



Analysis that follows the "Team Work" approach and involves employees from different departments Steps include

Preparing list of all tasks in workplace Analysis to all tasks to identify critical tasks Prioritization of critical tasks Performing task analysis

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Course Notes


Objective is: Evaluate tasks Identify hazards Identify controls and safeguards to eliminate or reduce hazards Define and agree on operating procedures

That leads to Eliminate or minimize hazards and risks by prevention

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Hazards to look for:

Moving mechanical Poor ventilation Pa* Tripping Electricity Poor illumination Manual handling High/ low Dust temperature Steam Moving vehicles Noise Chemicals Slipping

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Course Notes

Work Place Risk Assessment People at risk

Factory operators Maintenance personnel Contractors Non-experienced workers Temporary labor Cleaning team members Lab technicians Office staff

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Gettinn started Obtain commitment and support of line

Select teams Appoint team leaders (supervisor or first line

Provide training to teams Communicate the program to employee

Course Notes

Task Hazard Analysis Process Steps

-Prepare an inventory of tasks .Prioritize tasks according to hazards *Select the tasks to be analyzed {Critical Tasks} *Define tasks -Break the tasks down into a sequence of steps *Evaluate the hazards and risks in each step -Define controls to eliminate1 minimize the hazards and risks *Complete the documentation in a structured format *Implement the control measures *Review the process

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Coiirse Notes

Risk Evaluation "Severity"

Multipre death .- ."- - .

I Major injury, disabling, ilness, 6 major damage -- - LTA, ilness, damage --- . - - - - - ---

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Course Notes

Risk Evaluation

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May happen ' 4 Unlikely

[Very unlikely

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Task Hazard Analysis Risk Evaluation

Probability Consequence I

Likelihood Severity Frequency

Risk = Probability x Consequence

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Course Notes

Implementation of THA

Commitment Teams Training Analysis Evaluation and recommendation Implementing recommendations Reviewing and auditing m o m s c-s IS9

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