CDMA for Trainee's from HUWAEI

7/29/2019 CDMA for Trainee's from HUWAEI

1/89

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved

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Internal

ORA010002 CDMA2000

1x Principle

ISSUE 5.0


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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 1All rights reserved

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

>Describe the development of mobile system

>List the structure of CDMA2000 1X network

>State the principle of CDMA2000 1X

>State the key technology of CDMA2000 1X

>Describe the air interface of CDMA2000 1X

>Describe the numbers in CDMA2000 1X


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Chapter 1 IntroductionChapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 Principle of SpreadingChapter 2 Principle of Spreading

Chapter 3 Technology of CDMA2000Chapter 3 Technology of CDMA2000

Chapter 4 Physical Layer of CDMA2000Chapter 4 Physical Layer of CDMA2000

Chapter 5 Number PlanningChapter 5 Number Planning


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1.1 Development of Mobile Communications1.1 Development of Mobile Communications

1.2 Development of CDMA System1.2 Development of CDMA System

1.3 CDMA 2000 Network Structure1.3 CDMA 2000 Network Structure


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Transmission Techniques

Frequ

ency

Time

Power

Frequ

ency

Time

Power

Frequ

ency

Time

Power

CDMA

TDMA

FDMA

Traffic channels: different users are

assigned unique code and transmitted

over the same frequency band, for

example, WCDMA and CDMA2000

Traffic channels: different time slots are

allocated to different users, for example,

GSM and DAMPS

Traffic channels: different

frequency bands are allocated to

different users,for example,

AMPS and TACS


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Development of Mobile Communications

z 3G provides:

> Complete integrated service solutions

> High bandwidth

> Unified air interface

> Best spectral efficiency.

Analog to Digital Voice to Broadband

AMPS

TACS

NMT

Others

1st Generation

1980s (analog)

GSM

CDMA

IS95

TDMA

IS-136

PDC

2nd Generation

1990s (digital)

UMTS

WCDMA

CDMA

2000

TD-

SCDMA

3rd Generation

current (digital)


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Difference of 3G Standards

3G system

CDMA2000

3GPP2

FDD mode

WCDMA

3GPP

FDD mode

TD-SCDMA

CWTS

TDD mode

3GPP =Third Generation Partnership Project

CWTS = China Wireless Telecomm Standard

FDD = Frequency Division Duplex

TD-SCDMA = Time Division Synchronous CDMA


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Development of CDMA System

z Higher spectrum efficiency and network capacity

z Higher packet data rate and more diversified services

zSmooth transit to 3G

IS95A9.6kbps

CDMA2000 1x

307.2kbps

Heavier voice

service capacity

Longer period of

standby time

CDMA2000 3x

CDMA2000

1x EV

1x EV-DO

1x EV-DV

1995

IS95B115.2kbps

1998

20002003

Project Evolution process of CDMA2000 EV:

phase 1: 1XEV-DO ( Data Only / Data Optimized )

Providing the support for packet data services alone instead of real-time voice services.

phase 2: 1XEV-DV ( Data and Voice )

Providing non-real time packet data services and real-time voice services

- 153.6 kbps


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CDMA 2000 Network Structure


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Questions

z How many standards are there in 3G?

z How to understand the three techniques of multi-access?

z How many network elements are there in CDMA2000 1X network?


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2.1 Basic Conception2.1 Basic Conception

2.2 Communication Model2.2 Communication Model


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Frequency Allocation in CDMA2000 (Extra Slide)

z Band Class 0 (800 MHz)

892.170-893.310847.170-848.310739-777ValidB(2.5MHz)

890.670-890.820845.670-845.820689-694ValidA(1.5MHz)880.680-889.320835.680-844.320356-644ValidB(10MHz)

870.030-879.330825.030-834.3301-311ValidA(10MHz)

Base StationMobile StationCDMA

Channel

Number

CDMA Channel

Validity

Block

Designator

Transmit Frequency Band (MHz)

N= 283, 242, 201, 160, 119, 78, 37CDMA: 1.25 M/30k = 41 channels

GSM: 1.25M/200k = 6 channels x 8 TS = 48 channels

The transmit frequency point for Base Station is computed by:

F = 870+N*0.03 ; N = CDMA Channel Number


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Frequency Allocation in CDMA2000 (Extra Slide)

1971.250-1973.7501891.250-1893.750825-875ValidF(5MHz)

1966.250-1968.7501886.250-1888.750725-775ValidE(5MHz)

1976.250-1988.7501896.250-1908.750925-1175ValidC(15MHz)

1951.250-1963.7501871.250-1883.750425-675ValidB(15MHz)

1946.250-1948.7501866.250-1868.750325-375ValidD(5MHz)

1931.250-1943.7501851.250-1863.75025-275ValidA(15MHz)

Base StationMobile StationCDMA

Channel

Number

CDMA

Channel

Validity

Block

Designator

Transmit Frequency Band (MHz)

z Band Class 5 (1800 MHz)

The transmit frequency point for Base Station is computed by:

F = 1930 + N*0.05 ; N = CDMA Channel Number


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Direct Spread (DS)

z Direct Sequence Spread spectrum system mixes the input data

with a fast sequence and transmits a wideband signal.z The spreading sequence is independently regenerated at the

receiver and mixed with the incoming wideband signal to recover

the original information.

Transmission Receiving

Fast spreading sequence

Slow InformationSent

Slow informationRecovered

Wideband signal

Fast spreading sequence

In CDMA 1X,Chip rate = 1.228 Mcps and BW = 1.25 MHz


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Direct Spread (DS)

Spread sequence

Spread signal

Recover signal

Information s ignal bit

Spread sequence

Spread & DeSpread & De--spreadspread


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Spectrum-domain Analysis

Spread

Power spectrum of

information signal(narrow

band)

P()

Power spectrum of

spread signal(broad

band)

Mixed signals power

spectrum(broad band

and broad band)

P()

P()

P()

P()

P()integral/filtering

Recover signals

power spectrum

(narrow band)

Mixed signals power

spectrum(broad band

and narrow band)

Add

De-spread


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Correlation => measure of similarity of any two arbitrary signals

(a)

(b)

Correlation 100% so the

functions are parallel

Correlation 0% so the

functions are orthogonal

0 XOR 0 = 0

0 XOR 1 = 1

1 XOR 0 = 1

1 XOR 1 = 0


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Sequence 2#

Output of

integral

circuit

Sequence 1#

1#2#

Orthogonal Function

Orthogonal functions have zero correlation. Two binary sequences are orthogonal if their XOR output

contains equal number of 1s and 0s.

Actually CDMA system need orthogonal sequences to overcome the self-interferences in the system

because all the users share the same frequency simultaneously.


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Multiple Access

Code Division Multiple Address PrincipleCode Division Multiple Address Principle

Information bit 1#

Sequence 1#

Spread Signal 1#

Mixed Signal 1+2

Information bit 2#

Sequence 2#

Spread Signal 2#


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Multiple Access

1st receiver resume process1st receiver resume process

Spread Sequence 1#

De-spread Signal

Mixed Signal

Output of

Judgement

circuit


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Multiple Access

2nd receiver resume process2nd receiver resume process

Spread Sequence 2#

De-spread Signal

Mixed Signal

Output of

Judgement

circuit


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Multiple Access with Orthogonal Sequence

z User# 1s information: 10111001 Spread Signal for User#1: 00111100

z User# 2s information: 11001010 Spread Signal for User#2: 01101001

Given the rate of spread signal is 8 times of information rate.

Show that User#1s information can be recovered if its spread with its

spread signal after multiple access


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2.1 Basic Conception2.1 Basic Conception

2.2 Communication Model2.2 Communication Model


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Communication Model

Source codingChannel

CodingModulation RF transit

1 y y y0 11 y y y 0 1 1

1 y y y0 11 y y y 0 1 1

Bit Symbol Chip

Reverse

Forward

Source

Decoding

Channel

Decoding

Spread

De-Spread Demodulation RF receive

Scrambling

Unscrambling

10011

00011

10011

01001


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Source Coding

z There are 3 types of source coding in CDMA 2000 system:

>8K QCELP

>13K QCELP

>EVRC

z Characteristic:

>Support voice activity

- - >8k sample values with 8-bit quantization coding => a wired

system has the rate of 64k.

QCELP: Qualcomm Code Excited Linear Predictive coder

EVRC: Enhanced Variable Rate Code

13K = 14.4, 7.2, 3.6, 1.8 kbps

8K = 9.6, 4.8, 2.4, 1.2 kbps

EVRC= 9.6, 2.4, 1.2 kbps


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Channel Coding

z Convolution code or TURBO code is used in channelencoding

z Encoding efficiency= (total input bits total output

symbols)

Register

MUX

00001011

Bit

00110001

00100111

0000110100101011

Symbol

Channel Coding: ConvolutionChannel Coding: Convolution


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Channel Coding

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 81 2 3 4 5 6 7 8yyyyyyyyyyyyy

yyyyyyyyyyyyy8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 23 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Input:

Output:

Transmission direction

Interleaver

Transmission direction

Write by row

Read by column

Channel Coding: InterleavingChannel Coding: Interleaving


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Channel Coding

1 0 1 1

1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0

Without channel coding, receiver cant correct any errors

1 0 1 1

1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 11 0 1 1

1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1

1 0 1 11 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1

1 1 0 1

1 0 1 1

1 1 10

After convolution, receiver can correct errors.

But recovery capability is restricted by encoding complexity.1 0 1 1

1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 11

1 1

0 00

1

1 11

1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1

1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1

0 11

0 1

1 00

1

0 11

1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1

Source

Through the interleaving, the consecutive error codes can be corrected


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Scrambling and Spreading

z M Sequence for scrambling

>Long Code

>Short Code

z Walsh Code for spreading

Scrambling = the processing of making signals randomization. M-sequence performs this function.

Spreading = the processing that can widen the spectrum. Walsh Code performs this function.


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z Two points are important here:

>Maximum number of shift register (N)

>Mask

z The period of out put sequence is 2N-1 bits

z Only sequence offset is change when the mask is changed

z PN stands for Pseudorandom Noise sequence

Out

0 0 1

1 1 0

M SequenceM Sequence


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z The long code is a PN sequence with period of 242-1chips

z The functions of a long code:

>Scramble the forward CDMA channel

>Control the insertion of power control bit

>Spread the information on the reverse CDMA channel to identify

the mobile stations

Long CodeLong Code

Long code is used for scrambling on the Forward channel and spreading on the Reverse channel.


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z Short code is a PN sequence with period of 215 chips

> Sequence with different time offset is used to distinguish different

sectors

z Minimum PN sequence offset used is 64 chips, that is, 512 PN offsets

are available to identify the CDMA sectors (215/64=512).

PNa

PNc

PNb

Short CodeShort Code


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z 64-order Walsh function is used as a spreading function and each Walsh

code is orthogonal to other

z A Walsh can be presented by Wim where ith (row) is the position and m

is the order. For example, W24 means 0101 code in W4 matrix

z Walsh code is used to spread the forward traffic channel

W2n=Wn Wn

Wn Wn

W1=0

W2=0 0

0 1

W4 =

0 0

0 1

0 0

0 1

0 0

0 1

Walsh code

Walsh Code is one kind of orthogonal code.

1 1

1 0

Walsh CodeWalsh Code

Note: W0 = Pilot Ch. W1-W7 = Paging Ch

W32 = Synch Ch


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MS: Which BTS should I listen?

A PN sequence (short code) with period of 215 bits, is used with 64bits offset. That is512 total PN available to identify the 512 sectors/BTSs.

BTS BBTS APN4

PN

108

BTS C

PN52


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Each MS has unique Walsh code. Normally CDMA2000 uses 64 array Walsh codes

MS-A

MS-B

MS-C

MS-D

MS-E

MS-F

MS-G

MS-H

0000000. A

0101010 B

0000111 C

01010100

MS-B: Which is my signal?


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A PN sequence (long code) wi th per iod of 242-1 bits which is used to Spread the

information on the reverse CDMA channel and identify the MS. A unique ESN is used as

mask to achieve unique starting point

MS-A

MS-B

MS-C

MS-D

MS-E

MS-F

MS-G

MS-H

BTS: Who is my Mr. D?


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Modulation

QPSK

HPSK/OQPSK


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Questions

z How to understand spreading and multi access?

z What is the main function of each step in communication model ?

z How to understand the three types of codes in CDMA2000 1X ?

z Why do we say CDMA system is self interference system ?


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Technology Of CDMA2000

z Power control

z Rake Receiver

z

Soft handoff


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Power Control

no power control

after power control

Far/near problem exists in wireless systemFar/near problem exists in wireless system


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Power ControlCDMA is a selfCDMA is a self--interference systeminterference system

no power control

after power control


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Power Control

z According to the directions, power control can be divided into:

>Reverse power control

>Forward power control

z According to the types, power control can be divided into:

>Reverse power control Reverse open loop power control

Reverse closed loop power control

>Forward power control

Measurement report power control

EIB power control

Fast power control

Classification Of Power ControlClassification Of Power Control

IS95A: fwd pwr ctrl is based on MR.

IS95B: system can support EIB pwr ctrl

CDMA2000: the highest priority is fast pwr ctrl

- -> aims at reducing the interference on fwd link

--> used for making the link while originating a call and reacting

to path-loss fluctuation.

Note: EIB = Erasure Indicator Bit FER= Frame Error Rate


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Power Control

z The mobile transmission power is determined by the following factors:

> Distance from the base station> Load of the cell

> Circumstance of the code channels

z The transmission power of the mobile station is relative to its received power.

Reverse Open Loop Power ControlReverse Open Loop Power Control

BTSMobile

Reverse Open Loop

Power Control

BTS

BTS

Transmitting

Power


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Power ControlReverse Closed Loop Power ControlReverse Closed Loop Power Control

BTS

Power Control Bi t

Eb/Nt Value FER Value

Inner Loop Power Control

Outer Loop Power Control

Change in Eb/Nt Value

BSC

BTS

Both fwd and rev link traffic channel frames are 20 ms in duration (16 segments or 16TS).

Note that since the rate of PCB transmission is 800bps, a PCB is sent once every 1/800 second or 1.25 ms.

PCB has a response time of 1.25ms on T-CH

Every frame = 16TS

(to keep MS close to Eb/Nt setpoint)

(to adjust target Eb/Nt at BTS


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Power ControlFast Forward Power ControlFast Forward Power Control

FER Measurement

MS

Power Control Bit

Eb/Nt Comparator

BTS

FEREb/Nt


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RAKE Receiver


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RAKE Receiver

RAKE receiver can mitigates

mult i-path fading and enhancethe receive performance of

the system.

Receive set

Calculate the

time delay and

signal strength

Combiner

Correlator 1

Correlator 2

Correlator 3

Searcher correlator

output

Recover signal

from single path

and adjust its

time delay

90

0

0

90


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Soft HandoffPilot SetsPilot Sets

An active pilot is a pilot whose paging ortraffic channels are actually beingmonitored or used.

The pilot that not in the active set but

potential to be demodulated

The pilot that not included in the active set or

the candidate set but being possible to be

added in the candidate set

Other pilot

Active SetActive Set

Candidate

Set

Candidate

Set

Neighbor

Set

Neighbor

Set

Remaining

Set

Remaining

Set

Searcher

correlator

All pilot that can be detected by searchercorrelator is classify to four pilot set.


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Soft Handoff

z Soft/softer handoff means

MS can keep traffic channel

with two or more sectors.>Soft handoffinvolves

traffic channel from more

than one BTS and Multi-

path combination in theBSC.

>Softer handoffinvolves

traffic channel from two

or more sectors of oneBTS and Multi-path

combination in the BTS.

Soft Handoff And Softer HandoffSoft Handoff And Softer Handoff


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Soft Handoff

Important Parameters of Soft handoffImportant Parameters of Soft handoff

Sector A

Add Threshold (T_ADD)

DropThreshold (T_DROP)

Time

Ec/Io

Sector

B

Guard Time(T-TDROP)

Soft Handoff Region

T_ADD, T_DROP and T_TDROP affect the percentage of MS in handoff.

T_ADD & T_DROP is the standards used to add or drop a pilot.

T_DROP is a timer.


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Soft HandoffDynamic Soft HandoffDynamic Soft Handoff

Neighbor

Set

Candidate

Set

Active

Set

Candidate

Set

TIME

Active

Set

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Neighbor

Set

T_TDROP T_TDROP

T_ADD

T_DRO

P

Pilot

strength P1P2

1. P2>T_ADD

2. P2> [(SOFT_SLOPE/8) * 10 * log10(PS1) +ADD_INTERCEPT/2].

4. P1< [(SOFT_SLOPE/8) * 10 * log10(PS2) +DROP_INTERCEPT/2]

7. P1


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Questions

z Why CDMA system need power control ?

z What is the function of the RAKE receiver ?

z What is the difference between hard handoff and soft handoff ?

z Why can CDMA system support soft handoff ?


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Physical Layer Of IS95

Comparing with IS-95A, there is another channel named SCCH which supports data

traffic whose maximum rate is 115.2kbps

SCCH = Supplemental Code Channel


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z Forward pilot channel is spread over W0 and modulated with

short code directly

z BTS transmits the pilot channel continuously

z The Pilot channel carries no data

Forward Link: Pilot ChannelForward Link: Pilot Channel

Pilot channel

(all-zeros)

W064

Not only does Pilot sequence help in initial acquisition when MS powers up, but also

ensures rapid detection of handoff candidates.


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z The sync channel is used by the mobile station to synchronize with thenetwork. W32 is used to spread Sync Channel.

>The synchronization message includes:

Pilot PN sequence offset: PILOT_PN

System time: SYS_TIME

Long code state: LC_STATE: long code at the time specified in system time

Paging channel rate: P_RAT: 4.8 or 9.6 kbps

z Here note that, sync channel rate is 1200bps

Forward Link: Sync ChannelForward Link: Sync Channel

ToQPSK

coder

2.4kbps 4.8kbps 4.8kbps

Code

symbol

Repetitive

code

symbol

1.2kbps

Convolutionencoderr=1/2,K=9

symbolrepetition

Blockinterleaving

Sync Ch bits

W3264


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Synch Channel

Sync Frame#1Sync Frame#1 Sync Frame#2Sync Frame#2 Sync Frame#3Sync Frame#3

SOMSOM

DataData

96bits96bits

80ms80ms

31bits31bits1bit1bit

Note: SOM = 1 for first body of Sync Ch. Message

SOM = 0 for all other bodies in Sych Ch. message

Note: SOM = 1 for first body of Sync Ch. Message

SOM = 0 for all other bodies in Sych Ch. message

Sync channel FrameSync channel Frame

Sync Channel Super-frameSync Channel Super-frame

SOM = Start Of MessageSOM = Start Of Message


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z The paging channel transmits:

System parameters message: PN offset indexAccess parameters: Open Loop power control

Neighbors list: e.g., the neighbors pilot PN seq offset index,channel list message

CDMA channels list message: list of CDMA carriers

z The frame length of a paging channel is 20ms

z W1 ~ W7 are spared for the Paging Channelsspreading

ToQPSK

coder

Paging

channel b its

19.2/9.6Kbps 19.2kbps

19.2kbpsCode

symbol

9.6/4.8 kbps

Convolution

encoder

r=1/2,K=9

Symbol

repetitionBlock

interleaving

Paging channel address mask

Long

code PN

generator

decimator

1.2288Mcps

19.2kbps

W164

Forward Link: Paging ChannelForward Link: Paging Channel



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I Ch PN sequence (1.2288 Mcps)

PN 1.2288 Mcps

Repetitivesymbol

19.2kbps

8.6kbps9.6kbps

4.8kbps2.4kbps

1.2kbps

Add frame

quality indicator

bits(12,10,8,6)

Add 8

encoded tail

bits

Convolution

encoderr=1/2,K=9

Symbol

repetitionForward traffic

channel(172/80/40 or

16bits/frame)

Block

interleaver

19.2kbps

MUX

Long code

generator

Power control bits

Q Ch PN sequence (1.2288 Mcps)

Baseband

filter

I(t)

Q(t)decimator

+ QPSK Modulation

4.0kbps2.0kbps0.8kbps

19.2ksybps

9.6ksybps4.8ksybps

2.4ksybps

Sin(2pfct)

Cos(2pfct)

Walsh code

decimator

+

+Baseband

filter

+

+

Forward Link: Traffic Channel (FCH And SCCH)Forward Link: Traffic Channel (FCH And SCCH)

800 Hz

/64 /24


used by MS to init iate communication

or respond to Paging Channel


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4.8 kbps (307.2kbps)

PN chips

1.2288 McpsOrthogonal spreading

28.8 kbps

Data burst

randomizer

Long code

PN

generator

Frame rate

Long code mask

Repetitive

symbol

Walsh code


Baseband

filter

I(t)

Q(t)

QPSK Modulation

Sin(2pfct)

Cos(2pfct)

+

+Baseband

filter

+

+


1/2 PN chips Delayed

time=406.9ns

Reverse Link: Access ChannelReverse Link: Access Channel Repetitivesymbol

28.8 kbps

Code

symbol

14.4 kbps4.4 kbps 4.8 kbpsAdd 8

encoder tail

bits

Convolution

encoder

r=1/3,K=9

Symbol

repetitionAccess

channel

(88 bits/frame)

Block

interleaving

o espo d o ag g C a e

Access Channel frame => 88 bits/frame, 20ms



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y y

Reverse Link: Traffic Channel (FCH And SCCH)Reverse Link: Traffic Channel (FCH And SCCH)

8.6kbps9.6kbps

4.8kbps

2.4kbps

1.2kbps

Add frame

quality indicator

bits(12,10,8,6)

Add 8

encoded tail

bits

convolution

encoder

r=1/3,K=9

Symbol

repetition

Reverse traffic

channel

Block

interleaver

4.0kbps2.0kbps

0.8kbps

28.8Ksybps

14.4Ksybps

7.2Ksybps

3.6Ksybps

4.8 kbps (307.2kbps)

PN chips

1.2288 Mcps

Orthogonal spreading

Data burst

randomizer

Long code

PN

generator

Frame rate

Long code mask

Walsh code


Baseband

filter

I(t)

Q(t)

QPSK Modulation

Sin(2pfct)

Cos(2pfct)

+

+Baseband

filter

+

+


1/2 PN chips Delayed

time=406.9ns


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Physical Layer Of CDMA2000Definition of IS2000s Channel:


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Physical Layer Of CDMA2000 SymbolrepetitionForward Channel: FForward Channel: F--QPCHQPCH

0 1 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 152047... 4

1.28SF-PCH

F-PCH

80ms

F-QPCH

1 32 4 1 2 3 4

20ms 20ms20ms20ms20ms20ms20ms20ms

A1 B1 A2 B2

The channel adopts 80ms as a QPCH timeslot. Each timeslot is divided into paging indicators,

configuration change indicators and broadcast indicators, all of which are utilized to inform the MS

whether to receive paging message, broadcast message or system parameters in the next F-PCH.

In a quick paging channel slot, the mobile always monitors two

paging indicators. The two paging indicators either fall in the first

20-ms portion and in the third 20-ms portion, or fall in the second

20-ms portion and in the fourth 20-ms portion.

Physical Layer Of CDMA2000FCCCH : transmit specific messages intended

f ifi bil


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ys ca aye O C 000

Forward Channel: FForward Channel: F--CCCHCCCH20ms frame (9.6kbps)

172 information bits 12 CRC bits8 encoders

tails bits

20ms frame (38.4kbps)

744 information bits 16 CRC bits8 encoders

tails bits

10ms frame (38.4kbps)

360 information bits 16 CRC bits 8 encoders

tails bits

172 information bits 16 CRC bits 8 encoders

tails bits

5ms frame (38.4kbps)With QPCH together, F-CCCH

shared by many mobiles carries

mobile-specific messages .

There are two additional physical

signaling channels: FCCCH and

FBCCH to improve the signaling

efficiency of the link.

for specific mobiles.

FBCCH: transmit broadcast system message

for all mobiles.


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Physical Layer Of CDMA2000

z F-DCCH is a dedicated signaling

channel.

z F-DCCH can carry user data that is

typically low-rate.

Forward Channel: FForward Channel: F--DCCHDCCH

20ms frames (9.6kbps)

172 information bits 12 CRCbits

8 encoderstails bits

5ms frames (9.6kbps)

24 information bits 16 CRC bits 8 encoder tails bits

F-DCCH carries user data that is

typically low-rate, such as SMS.

F-SCH is typically used for high speed data

applications while F-FCH is used for common


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Physical Layer Of CDMA2000Forward Channel: FForward Channel: F--SCHSCH

64

48

16

32

12

9600 19200 38400 76800 153600 307200 614400

Data rate -bps-

W01=0

W02=00

W12=01

W04=0000

W24=0011

W14=0101

W34=0110

W08=00000000

W48=00001111

W28=00110011

W68=00111100

W18=01010101

W58=01011010

W38=01100110

W78=01101001

( W016,W

816)

( W416,W

1216)

( W216,W14

16)

( W616,W14

16)

( W116,W

916)

( W516,W

1316)

( W316,W

1116)

( W716,W15

16)

The dif ferent Walsh codes

corresponding to di fferent data rates

applications, while F FCH is used for common

voice and low speed data application. When a data call is established, firstly, F-FCH

will be allocated to the user. If the speed of data

for user exceeds 9.6kbps, F-SCH will be

allocated


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z The Function of Reverse Pilot Channel

> Initialization

>Tracing

>Reverse Coherent Demodulation

>Power Control Measurement

z Base station enhances the received

performance and increases the capacity by

means of coherent demodulation of the

Reverse Pilot Channel.

MUX A

Pilot( all '0's)

Power Control Bit

N is the Spreading Rate number

Pilot PowerControl

Power Control Group

= 1536 NPN Chips

384 NPN Chips

Reverse Pilot Channel

Reverse Channel: RReverse Channel: R--PICHPICH


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z The Function of R-EACH

> initiate communication with the base station and to respond toa Paging Channel message

> transmit its access request

Reverse Channel: RReverse Channel: R--EACHEACH

R-EACH DataReverse Pilot Channel

Preamble (All 0s) R-EACH Frame Data

T preamble

EACH = Enhance Access Channel which is similar to R-ACH in

IS-95 but shorter in duration. EACH needs to transmit a preamble

before transmitting the actual R-EACH transmission.


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z To support data traffic, the R-SCH has two unique characteristics:

>only carry user traffic data and does not carry any signaling traffic

>Should be set up and torn down rather quickly

Reverse Channel: RReverse Channel: R--SCHSCH

R-FCH

R-SCH

Bursting data is coming

R-SCH only carry data, not signaling, that is,

RC (Radio Configuration)

RC Combination Regulation


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RadioConfiguration

SpreadingRate

Max Data Rate*(kbps)

Effective FECCode Rate

OTDAl lowed FEC EncodingModulation

1** 1 9.6 1/2 No Conv. BPSK2** 1 14.4 3/4 No Conv BPSK

3 1 153.6 1/4 Yes Conv and Turbo QPSK4 1 307.2 1/2 Yes Conv and Turbo QPSK5 1 230.4 3/8 Yes Conv and Turbo QPSK6 3 307.2 1/6 Yes Conv and Turbo QPSK7 3 614.4 1/3 Yes Conv and Turbo QPSK8 3 460.8 1/4 or 1/3 Yes Conv and Turbo QPSK9 3 1036.8 1/2or 1/3 Yes Conv and Turbo QPSK

RadioConfiguration

SpreadingRate

Max Data Rate*(kbps)

Effective FECCode Rate

OTDAl low ed

FEC Encoding Modulation

1** 1 9.6 1/3 No Conv 64-ary ortho

2** 1 14.4 1/2 No Conv 64-ary ortho

3 1 153.6 1/4 Yes Conv or Turbo BPSK

(307.2) (1/2)

4 1 230.4 3.8 Yes Conv or Turbo BPSK

5 3 153.6 1/4 Yes Conv or Turbo BPSK(614.4) (1/3)

6 3 460.8 1/4 Yes Conv or Turbo BPSK

(1036.8) (1/2)

Reverse Radio Configuration

Forward Radio Configuration


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z RC1 and RC2 correspondsrespectively to rate set 1 and rate set 2

in IS- 95A/B system.

z CDMA2000 Forward RC: RC1~RC5

Reverse RC: RC1~RC4

z Rules:

>Forward RC1, Reverse RC1


>Forward RC3 or RC4,Reverse RC3


RC 1

RC 2

RC 3

RC 4

RC 5

RC 1

RC 2

RC 3

RC 4

RC 5

RC 3

RC 4

RC 4

RC 3

F-FCH RCs

R-DCCH/SCHRCsF-DCCH/SCHRCs

R-FCH RCs


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Questionsz How many types channels are there in I595 system ? And what

are the functions of these channels ?

z

What is the function of F-SCH and R-SCH in CDMA 2000 ?z The capacity of CDMA2000 is more than that of IS95, could you

give reasons?

z How do you understand radio configuration ?


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Definition of Coverage Areas

Location area

MSC area

PLMN area

Service area

Sector

area

Cell area

MIN/IMSI (identity/international mobile subscriber


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identity )

Mobile subscriber identity/international mobile subscriber identityFor example, 0907550001/460030907550001

15 digits

3 digits 2 digits

IMSI

MCC MNC MSIN

NMSI


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ESN (Electronic Serial Number )

023 17 182431

Manufacturers

numberRetained Equipment SN

A unique Electronic Serial Number (ESN) is used to identify single MS. An

ESN includes 32 bits and has the following structure:

For example, FD 03 78 0A (the 10th Motorola 378 mobile phone)The equipment serial number is allocated by a manufacturer.


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MDN (Mobile directory number)

CC + MAC + H 0H 1H 2H 3 + ABCD

International mobi le subscr iber DN

National valid mobile subscriber number

Mobile directory number

For example, 8613307550001

subscr iber number


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TLDN (Temporary local directory number)

+CC MAC H0H 1H2 ABC+ ++44

Temporary local directory number

For example, 8613344755001


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Location Area Identity (LAI)

z PAGING message is broadcast within a local area, the size of which

depends on traffic, paging bearer capability, signaling flow , etc.

z Format: MCC+MNC+LAC

>MCC: Mobile Country Code, 3 digits. For example, China is 460.

>MNC: Mobile Network Code, 2 digits. For example, the MNC of

Unicom is 03.>LAC: Location Area Code, a 2-byte-long hexadecimal BCD code.

0000 cannot be used with FFFE.

z For example, 460030100


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Global Cell Identity (GCI)

z The unique ID of a cell in PLMN

z Format: LAI+CI

z CI: Cell Identity, a 2-byte-long hexadecimal BCD code, pre defined

by the engineering department. The first 3 digits and the last digit

represent the base station number and the sector number

respectively. For an omni-directional site, the last digit of CI is 0.

z For example, 4600301001230 shows base station number 123

contains an omni-directional site

SID/NID


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z In the CDMA2000 1X network, the service area consists of systems and

networks that are identified respectively by the system identification (SID)

and network identification (NID).

z The system judges whether the MS is roaming according to the SID and NID.

NID= t

NID= u NID= v

SID=L

SID=N

SID=K

SID=M

Number AnalyzingAccording to MDN,

get the IMSI that

Transfer


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BTS

BSCMSC1/VLR MSC2/VLRBSC

BTS

13316882234

Number Analysis

1331688XXXX

Find HLR

can be used toquery VLR Location

According to IMSI, allocate

TLDN that will be sent

back to HLR

TLDN toMSC1

With TLDN,

connect to

MSC2

With IMSI,

send paging

information

to B

Here is a call for you

HLR

Questions


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z Please describe the number analyzing in CDMA2000

1X system when a call is happening .

Summary


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z The difference of three types of multi-access

z The function of each process incommunication mode

z Three key techniques

z The physical layer of IS95 and CDMA2000

z The number analysis during a call

SummarySummary


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Documents

CDMA for Trainee's from HUWAEI