CDMA Material

Lucent Technologies - ProprietaryThis document contains proprietary information of

Lucent Technologies and is not to be disclosed or usedexcept in accordance with applicable agreements

Copyright © 2002 Lucent TechnologiesUnpublished and Not for Publication

All Rights Reserved

401-703-369Issue 5

July 2002

Flexent

CDMA Distributed Base Station

Operations, Administration, and Maintenance

Release 19.0

Lucent Technologies - Proprietary

See notice on first page

Copyright © 2002 Lucent Technologies. All Rights Reserved.

This material is protected by the copyright and trade secret laws of the United States and other countries. It may not be reproduced, distributed, or altered in any fashion byany entity (either internal or external to Lucent Technologies), except in accordance with applicable agreements, contracts or licensing, without the express writtenconsent of Lucent Technologies and the business management owner of the material.

Notice

Every effort was made to ensure that the information in this information product (IP) was complete and accurate at the time of printing. However, information is subjectto change. Any product references to MicroMini Cell, Microminicell, MMC or Hydra should be understood to be the same as product references to CDBS and are onlydifferent as a result of a name change to the product. This information is provided for clarification in the event that written documentation and user screens are notrepresented in the same way.

Mandatory customer information

Part 1 of FCC rules

This equipment has been tested and found to comply within limits.

Part 2 of FCC rules


Part 15 of FCC rules






Industry Canada RSS-102


Industry Canada RSS-133


Industry Canada ICES-003


Trademarks

5ESS is a registered trademark of Lucent Technologies.

Adobe is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems, Incorporated.

AUTOPLEX is a registered trademark of Lucent Technologies.

Flexent is a registered trademark of Lucent Technologies.

Ordering information

The ordering number for this document is 401-703-369. To order this or other Lucent Technologies information products, see “To obtain documentation, training, andtechnical support or submit feedback” on the 401-010-001 Flexent®/AUTOPLEX® Wireless Networks System Documentation CD-ROM or the documentation Web siteat https://wireless.support.lucent.com/amps/rls_info/rls_doc/cd_docs/customer.support/customer.support_toc.pdf.wen.

Support

Technical support

For technical support, see “To obtain documentation, training, and technical support or submit feedback” on the 401-010-001 Flexent®/AUTOPLEX® WirelessNetworks System Documentation CD-ROM or the documentation Web site at https://wireless.support.lucent.com/amps/rls_info/rls_doc/cd_docs/customer.support/customer.support_toc.pdf.wen.

Developed by Lucent Learning

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Contents

C O N T E N T Si

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About this information product

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1 Hardware and network introduction

The Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station 1-3

Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station hardware architecture overview1-7

FCC statements for cellular applications of the Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station1-9

FCC statements for PCS applications of the Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station1-10

Industry Canada statements for PCS applications of the Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station1-11

External structure 1-12

Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station components 1-13

Differences between Cellular and PCS Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Stations1-18

Differences between indoor and outdoor Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Stations1-19

3G-1X capabilities 1-20

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2 Signal flow and component descriptions

RF signal flow and components description

Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station buses 2-4

Inter-BBU cables 2-5

Test ports/signals 2-6

Input/Output Card (IOC) 2-7

Facilities interface (T1/E1) 2-9

CDMA Radio Controller (CRC) 2-11

CDMA Channel Unit (CCU) 2-14

Fiberoptic Module (FOM) 2-18

Pre-distortion CDMA Baseband Radio (PCBR) 2-20

Transmit amplifier 2-23

Filter panels 2-25

Receive and transmit antennas 2-27

Reference signal flow and components

GPS antenna 2-32

Timing and Frequency Unit (TFU) 2-33

Oscillator Module (OM) 2-35

Shared GPS antenna 2-36

Component functions summary 2-38

Power distribution and components description

BBU power converter units 2-40

RFU PCU 2-41

Optional battery backup 2-42

Maintenance flow and components

Measurement Module (MM) 2-44

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3 User interfaces

Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station documentation

Schematic diagrams 3-3

Customer documentation 3-6

Documents of interest 3-7

Base station user interfaces

How to choose the right tool 3-9

ECP-based interface: Recent Change/Verify (RC/V) screens

RC/V Access Manager forms 3-12

Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station RC/V forms 3-15

ECP-based interface: craftshell interface and Read-Only Printer (ROP) basics

Craftshell command syntax 3-19

Common craftshell commands - configuration request 3-20

Common craftshell commands - operational status 3-22

Common craftshell commands - inventory command 3-23

Common craftshell commands - remove command 3-24

Common craftshell commands - restore command 3-25

Common craftshell commands - stop command 3-26

Common craftshell commands - diagnose command 3-27

Output messages 3-28

Read-Only Printer (ROP) 3-29

ECP-based interface: Status Display Pages (SDPs)

Video states of SDP display 3-32

Status Display Page (SDP) appearance 3-33

SDP system architecture 3-35

Application processor Command Line Interface (CLI)

Access the EMS CLI 3-38

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4 Routine maintenance

Maintenance overview

Maintenance 4-3

Maintenance hierarchy 4-5

Safety recommendations

Precautionary steps 4-7

Laser/Light Emitting Diode (LED) safety guidelines 4-8

Maintenance records and equipment

Required records and equipment 4-11

Maintenance equipment 4-12

Routine maintenance

Maintenance schedule 4-14

Maintenance records 4-15

Drive testing 4-16

Performance measurements 4-17

Audits 4-18

Automated tests overview 4-19

Board Level Self Test (BLST) 4-20

Routine diagnostics 4-21

RF tests 4-25

RF transmit power verification 4-28

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5 Corrective maintenance

Fault detection

Principles of corrective maintenance 5-3

Hardware Error Handling (HEH) strategy 5-5

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Alarms

Base station alarm description 5-8

BBU power alarms 5-10

TFU and OM alarms 5-11

CRC alarms 5-12

CCU alarms 5-13

IOC alarms 5-14

FOM alarms 5-15

Intrusion alarm 5-16

RFU LEDs 5-17

RFU PCU alarms 5-18

PCBR alarms 5-19

Measurement Module (MM) alarms 5-20

Transmit amplifier alarms 5-21

Frame alarms 5-22

User alarms 5-25

Alarm testing 5-27

Fault isolation - diagnostic tests

Fault isolation principles 5-31

Component diagnostics 5-33

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6 Replace components and repair a base station

BBU troubleshooting

Power cycle the BBU 6-4

Reseat/replace the FOM 6-5

Reseat/replace the CRC 6-7

Replace the AC-DC or DC-DC power units 6-9

Replace the TFU 6-11

Replace a CCU 6-13

Replace the IOC and OM 6-16

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RFU troubleshooting

Potential scenarios 6-19

Power cycle the suspect RFU 6-21

Logically swap the suspect RFU 6-23

Replace the fiberoptic cable 6-25

Replace the RFU 6-26

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7 Configuration management (software updates, growth and degrowth procedures)

Before you begin

References 7-3

Translations 7-5

Configuration options 7-6

Base station initialization and Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) update

Base station initialization or RCS reboot 7-8

Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) 7-10

NVM update 7-13

Growth procedures

RC/V database updates 7-18

Integrate the base station into the network 7-30

Grow a single carrier or sector

RC/V database updates 7-35

Degrowth procedures

Degrow a single carrier or sector 7-37

Degrow a base station 7-38

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A DIP switch verification

BBU DIP switches A-2

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GL Glossary 1

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About this information product

Purpose This information product (IP) provides a description of the Flexent

CDMA Distributed Base Station, along with information on itsoperation, administration, and maintenance.

Reason for reissue This IP is reissued for changes due to the MM-AP and the CCU-II.

Safety labels Various safety labels and cautionary notes are found in this IP. Anexample of typical safety label format is shown below.

CAUTIONHazard type

Describe here what damage may result if the followingprecautions are not taken.

Avoidance message:

1. Do this.

2. And then do this.

Intended audience The audience for this IP consists of Flexent CDMA Distributed BaseStation technicians.

How to use thisinformation product

The following table provides examples of some of the typographicalconventions used in this IP.

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Related documentation For related documentation, refer to the list below.

Lucent documents

Cell Site Diagnostic Description (401-660-101)

Cell Site I/O Manual (401-610-107)

Recommended Spare Parts, Tools, and Test Equipment (401-610-120)

System Description and Planning Guide (401-610-006)

Related training For related training, refer to the list below.

Lucent courses

Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station Operation, Administration,and Maintenance (CL5820c)

To obtain technicalsupport, documentation

and training or submitfeedback

The 401-010-001 Flexent®/AUTOPLEX® Wireless NetworksSystems Documentation CD-ROM and Web site provide a “To obtaindocumentation, training, and technical support or send feedback”document. That document explains how to:

• Obtain technical support

• Register as an authorized user of the Lucent Technologiescustomer technical support Web site

• Access the most current AMPS/PCS and related 5ESS® DigitalCellular Switch (DCS) documentation on the site

• Order system and product documentation

• Order Lucent Technologies training products or register forclassroom training courses

• Submit comments and feedback about documentation andtraining.

Commands Bold, constant width font

Document references Cell Site Diagnostic Description, 401-660-101

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1 Hardware and networkintroduction

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the wirelessnetwork and the Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station.

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Hardware and network introduction

Contents The topics covered in this chapter are as follows.

Overview 1 - 1

The Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station 1 - 3

Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station hardwarearchitecture overview

1 - 7

FCC statements for cellular applications of the FlexentCDMA Distributed Base Station

1 - 9

FCC statements for PCS applications of the Flexent CDMADistributed Base Station

1 - 10

Industry Canada statements for PCS applications of theFlexent CDMA Distributed Base Station

1 - 11

External structure 1 - 12

Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station components 1 - 13

Differences between Cellular and PCS Flexent CDMADistributed Base Stations

1 - 18

Differences between indoor and outdoor Flexent CDMADistributed Base Stations

1 - 19

3G-1X capabilities 1 - 20



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................The Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station

Network view of the FlexentCDMA Distributed Base

Station

The Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station is the network elementresponsible for the operation of the air interface of a switching center toa mobile terminal. The base station’s position in the network is shownbelow.

Structure of the network The switching center is composed of these elements:

• A 5ESS® Digital Cellular Switch (DCS), which providesinterface with the land lines

• An Executive Cellular Processor Complex (ECPC), whichcontrols the wireless network

• An Operation Management Platform (OMP), which allowsmultiple users to access the user interface functions of the ECP.

Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Stations are connected via DS1facilities to the DCS. Control information to the base station comesfrom a Radio Cluster Server (RCS) through signaling links that areassigned, in translations, to DS0 channels of the T1/E1. These channelsare derived from the DS1 facilities and routed through the 5ESSSwitch.

Flexent CDMADistributed Base Station


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Radio Cluster Servers (RCSs), application processors, and cellsites

Two components are essential to the operation of a Flexent CDMADistributed Base Station:

• RCS - located at the switching center and running on anapplication processor

• Base station - the combination of a Flexent CDMA DistributedBase Station and antenna subsystem.

RCS The RCS provides coordination and control of the individual cell sitesassociated with it. There is one RCS per Flexent CDMA DistributedBase Station.

RCSs are application instances that run on application processors.Application processors are high-performance general computer nodeslocated at the switching center that simultaneously execute severalRCS application instances.

There are two existing AP platforms:

• First generation Application Processor (AP)

• Mobility Manager Application Processor (MM-AP).

Important! In this document, the generic term “applicationprocessor” refers to both the first generation AP and the MM-AP.

First generation Application Processor (AP) description

Each first generation AP consists of a central processing unit (CPU)and Ethernet and DS1 interfaces. The Flexent architecture supports upto eight APs in an Application Processor Frame (APF).

The Application Processor Cluster (APC) software architectureconsists of the layers described below.

• AP Golden Image software

– HP-UX operating system software

– AP operating system configuration and setup information,such as disk partitioning and kernel parameters

– Device drivers, such as drivers for the Ethernet and DS1interfaces

• Flexent AP platform software

– Reliable Clustered Computing (RCC) software package

– AP support (platform) software package



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• Flexent application software

– The RCS application is the software that performs the call-processing and OA&M functions for Flexent base stations.One RCS that is paired across two APs can support oneFlexent CDMA Distributed Base Station. An AP pair canhost up to ten active and ten standby RCSs.

For more information on the AP, refer to Flexent ApplicationProcessor Cluster (APC) Operation, Administration, and Maintenance(OA&M) (401-710-101).

Second generation Mobility Manager Application Processor (MM-AP) description

The second generation MM-AP, introduced in ECP Release 17.0, uses aSun-based platform called the Flexent Mobility Server (FMS). TheFMS provides a more powerful, more reliable, and more flexibleplatform, which is at the core of numerous Lucent Technologies’wireless solutions.

The FMS-based application processor is referred to as the MobilityManager Application Processor (MM-AP), after the collection ofsoftware that runs on it. The MM-AP and its applications take overfunctions previously performed by the ECP and its ring nodes, resultingin improved performance for both the ECP and the applicationsmigrating to the MM-AP.

Important! The MM-AP is an optional feature. Serviceproviders electing to install MM-APs must first retrofit their ECP,OMP, and any APs to ECP Release 17.0. Installation of the MM-APs is performed after the Release 17.0 generic retrofit.

The software architecture of the MM-AP consists of the layersdescribed below:

• FMS Golden Image software

• MM-AP platform software

• Mobility Manager application software.

Important! The RCS software can only be installed on an MM-AP 400S server within a growth frame, and the RCS software isthe only software that can reside on that particular server.

For more information on the MM-AP, refer to Flexent WirelessNetworks Mobility Manager Application Processor Cluster (MM-APC)Operation, Administration, and Maintenance (OA&M) (401-710-201).


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Flexent CDMA DistributedBase Station

The Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station provides radiofunctionality for a geographical area, which can be served by anmultidirectional antenna system.

In the forward direction, the Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Stationperforms the tasks listed below.

1. Channel coding

2. Modulation

3. Radio Frequency (RF) upconversion

4. RF amplification

5. Transmission of the traffic over-the-air to the mobile terminal inaccordance with the parameters sent down from the RCS

In the reverse direction, the Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Stationperforms the tasks listed below.

1. Receives the traffic from the mobile terminal

2. RF down-conversion

3. Demodulates the traffic signal

4. Decodes the traffic signal

5. Sends the traffic signal to the DCS



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Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station hardware architecture

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................overview

Introduction The Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station has been designed toprovide a compact, low-cost base station with flexible mountingoptions to the Flexent product line.

Base station features The Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station supports the featureslisted below.

• Two basic modules [the RF Unit (RFU) and the Baseband Unit(BBU)] to allow for modular growth

• Fiber connections between the BBU and RFU to allow fordistributed mounting schemes

• Front access of the BBU for field upgrades and repairs

• Treatment of the RFU as Field Replaceable Unit (FRU)

• Variety of mounting options, which include pole, tower, and wallmounting

• Utilization of up to two T1/E1 lines to exchange traffic and controldata with the switch

• Support of up to 384 CDMA channel elements per BBU (two percarrier/face for overhead channels and the remainder for trafficchannels)

• Operation in PCS and Cellular frequency bands

• Provides 16 watts of output power in the PCS band and 20 wattsof output power in the Cellular band

Base stations deployed prior to Release 18.0 provide 16 watts ofoutput power in the Cellular band. These base stations are stillsupported, but new deployments will incorporate the 20 wattamplifier.

• Sector and carrier configurations:

– One sector, 1-2 carrier

– Two sector, 1-2 carrier

– Three sector, 1-2 carrier

• Support of simplex or duplex antenna configurations


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• Support of antenna sharing among RFUs on a given sector, so anadditional carrier can be added without the use of additionalantennas

• Support of local and remote service provider diagnostics andalarm analysis capabilities

• Close-loop transmit gain control for transmit power stability

• Future growth to omni sector

• Future growth to CDMA 2000 applications.



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FCC statements for cellular applications of the Flexent CDMA

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Distributed Base Station

FCC part 1 statement Pursuant to part 1 section 1.1310, all installations must be evaluated forrequirements contained in Table 1 “Limits for maximum permissibleexposure” of section 1.1310. Any antennas used for this transmitter areto be fixed-mounted on indoor/outdoor permanent structures to provideappropriate separation distances from all persons to satisfy RFexposure requirements. RF exposure compliance is addressed at thetime of licensing, as required by the responsible FCC Bureaus,including antenna co-location requirements of 1.1307(b)(3).

FCC part 2 statement This device complies with part 2 of the FCC rules.


FCC part 15 statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits fora Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. Theselimits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmfulinterference in a residential installation. This equipment generates,uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and, if not used inaccordance with instructions, may cause harmful interference to radiocommunications. However, there is no guarantee that interference willnot occur in a particular installation.

If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or televisionreception, which can be determined by turning the equipment on andoff, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by thefollowing measure:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

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FCC statements for PCS applications of the Flexent CDMA

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Distributed Base Station

FCC part 1 statement Pursuant to part 1 section 1.1310, all installations must be evaluated forrequirements contained in Table 1 “Limits for maximum permissibleexposure” of section 1.1310. Any antennas used for this transmitter areto be fixed-mounted on indoor/outdoor permanent structures to provideappropriate separation distances from all persons to satisfy RFexposure requirements. RF exposure compliance is addressed at thetime of licensing, as required by the responsible FCC Bureaus,including antenna co-location requirements of 1.1307(b)(3).



FCC part 15 statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits fora Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. Theselimits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmfulinterference in a residential installation. This equipment generates,uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and, if not used inaccordance with instructions, may cause harmful interference to radiocommunications. However, there is no guarantee that interference willnot occur in a particular installation.

If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or televisionreception, which can be determined by turning the equipment on andoff, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by thefollowing measure:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.


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Industry Canada statements for PCS applications of the Flexent

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................CDMA Distributed Base Station

RF exposure statement The antenna(s) used for this transmitter must be fixed-mounted onoutdoor permanent structures. RF exposure compliance as required byRSS-102 is addressed under Health Canada’s “Limits of Exposure toRadio Frequency Fields at Frequencies from 10 kHz to 300 GHz,Safety Code 6” at the time of application for site-specific Type 1 stationauthorization.

Industry Canada RadioStandards Specification for

PCS statement

This device complies with Canada’s Radio Standards Specification forPCS: RSS-133.

Industry CanadaInterference-Causing

Equipment Standard -ICES-003 statement

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits fora class B digital apparatus, pursuant to ICES-003 of the IndustryCanada rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonableassurance against harmful interference in a residential installation. Thisequipment generates, uses, and radiates radio frequency energy, and, ifnot used in accordance with instructions, may cause harmfulinterference to radio communications. However, there is no guaranteethat interference will not occur in a particular installation.

If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or televisionreception, which can be determined by turning the equipment on andoff, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by themeasure described below.

• Reorient or relocate the receive antenna.


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................External structure

External view The external structure of the Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station isshown below.

External features The Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station has the external featureslisted below:

• All external connectors are located at the bottom of the RFU andBBU

• Fiberoptic cables between BBU and RFU.



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station components

Components diagram The internal components of a Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Stationare shown below.

Maintenance Units (MUs)and Field Replaceable

Units (FRUs)

A component is considered to be a Maintenance Unit (MU) if it can beremoved from service and restored to service by a technician.

A component is considered to be a Field Replaceable Unit (FRU) if itcan be replaced in the field.

BBU components The Baseband Unit (BBU) contains the digital hardware necessary tosupport three-sector carriers. The BBU provides the interconnection forclock signals and the peripheral bus between modules. An open BBU isshown on the next page.


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The table below describes the components of the BBU.

Component Function Quantity MU and/or FRU

CDMA RadioController (CRC)

Handles maintenance and call processing, and thelow-level High-level Data Link Control (HDLC)protocol processing of the packet pipes andsignaling links.

1 MU and FRU



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RFU components The RF Unit (RFU) contains the RF hardware necessary to support aone-sector carrier. One BBU can connect with up to three remotelylocated RFUs via dedicated fiberoptic links. An open RFU is shown onthe next page.

CDMA ChannelUnits (CCUs)

Provide channel coding and decoding functions. 1-6 MU and FRU

Timing andFrequency Unit(TFU)

Provides the reference frequency and CDMAclocks used by the CDMA specific components,and contains a GPS unit to provide CDMA networksynchronization. A second TFU can be provisionedas a spare if a second BBU is available, but cannotbe provisioned in a third BBU.

1 MU and FRU

Oscillator Module(OM)

Provides a 15-MHz signal from a crystal oscillatorto the timing and frequency unit.

1 FRU

Fiberoptic Module(FOM)

Provides near-end termination of the fiberopticlinks to the RFUs, and distribution of TFU clockingamong the BBUs.

1 FRU

Power units Provides AC-DC and DC-DC power conversion inseparate modules.

1 FRU

Input/Output Card(IOC)

Provides connectors for the OM to interface withthe backplane, an external interface for the BBUCDMA clock test port signals, a physical switch toenable/disable CDMA clock test ports, Voice,ETHERNET, and peripheral bus ports, two portsfor inter-BBU connection, and the physicaltransmitter disable switches that control the on/offtransmitter of the PCBR.

1 FRU

GPS Antenna Receives the timing signal to synchronize theCDMA network.

1 FRU



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The RFU as a FRU

Important! The entire RFU is treated as a FRU. The RFU iscalibrated at the factory as a complete unit to ensure that it meetsall RF requirements. Field adjustment or replacement of anycomponents within the RFU may affect this calibration anddegrade the RF performance. If modifications or repairs arenecessary, the RFU should be replaced with another unit andreturned to the factory to be serviced.

The table below describes the components of an RFU.


Pre-distortionCDMA BasebandRadio (PCBR)

Contains built-in Low Noise Receive Amplifiers(LNAs) in the receive path and a FiberopticInterface (FOI) to the BBU, and provides RFfunctionality for the base station. The PCBR, inconjunction with the Measurement Module, alsofunctions to improve the linearity of the transmitamplifier, which increases its rated output power.

1 MU



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Important! A junction box is located at the bottom of the RFUfor connections.

Parent-child hierarchy For some MUs there are specific restrictions that govern when they canbe in service. These restrictions are dependent on the in-service state ofother MUs. This is referred to as a “parent-child” relationship, andthese relationships are always defined by the physical architecture inquestion. A “child” unit cannot be in-service unless its “parent” unit isin-service. However, a “child” unit can be out-of-service while the“parent” unit is in service.

Reference

For more information, refer to “Maintenance Hierarchy” in Chapter 4.

TransmitAmplifier

Amplifies the RF signal to the required power level. 1 MU

Power ConversionUnit (PCU)

Provides AC-DC and DC-DC power conversion inone unit.

1 Not applicable

Filters andcouplers

Ensure that the RF signal conforms to the spectrallimits described in the appropriate standards.Transmit and receive bandpass filter assembliesinclude directional couplers to support routinediagnostics.

1 Not applicable

MeasurementModule (MM)

Provides transmit power measurements for transmitgain compensation and RF Output Power Test, andprovides transmit and receive antenna testmeasurements.

1 Not applicable

Electro MagneticInductance(EMI) filter

Located immediately to the left of the PCBR, reducesnoise and static off the line.

1 Not applicable



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Differences between Cellular and PCS Flexent CDMA Distributed

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Base Stations

Components anddifferences

The RFU for the Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station is availablein Cellular and PCS models. The components within the RFU appearthe same (other than a label) for Cellular and PCS models, but functionin different frequency bands.

Component Difference

PCBR Frequency output in the transmit path and received inthe receive path

Filters and testcouplers

Band of operation for PCS and Cellular

Tx Amp Band of operation for PCS and Cellular

MM Band of operation for PCS and Cellular



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Differences between indoor and outdoor Flexent CDMA Distributed

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Base Stations

Differences The differences between the indoor and outdoor versions of the FlexentDistributed Base Station are described in the table below.

Indoor Outdoor

Primary surge protection taken careof at the building level.

Primary surge protection part of thebase station.

GPS surge arrestor


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3G-1X capabilities

Overview 3G-1X voice and high-speed data capability is available for the FlexentCDMA Distributed Base Station with ECP Release 18.0.

Benefits of 3G-1X The 3G-1X feature allows the service provider to increase voice trafficcapacity and to provide raw high-speed data capability of up to 156-kbps on the forward and reverse links.

Modes of operation If the 3G-1X is activated, a base station can operate in either of thefollowing:

• 2G and 3G-1X

• 3G-1X only.

The 3G-1X feature is activated in translations.

Hardware changes To implement 3G-1X functionality into a Flexent CDMA DistributedBase Station network, the 3G-1X CCU (CCU-32 or CCU-64) must beinstalled in the BBUs.

Software requirements The 3G-1X Basic Software Package must be installed on Cell Release18.0 or later before 3G-1X functionality can be implemented.

Optional features Optional features available with 3G-1X implementation include:

• Quick paging channel

The quick paging channel reduces the amount of time the MobileStation needs to monitor paging channels, and thereby extends thebattery life of the mobile. Status of the quick paging channel willbe available on SDPs 2121, 2138, and 2139.

• Subscriber access control

The subscriber access control feature allows a service provider toredirect 3G-1X mobiles from a given carrier to other carriers.

• Multiple packet pipes for the 3G-1X CCU traffic

Prior to Release 18.0 a single packet pipe could be assigned toservice up to four CCU boards; however, a given CCU boardcould be provisioned with only one packet pipe. With softwareRelease 18.0, several packet pipes can be assigned to the sameCRC, not to the CCU board. This means that a single CCU can usemultiple packet pipes, and that both the CCUs and packet pipesbecome pooled resources.



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User interface changes Changes to user interfaces in Cell Release 18.0 in support of 3G-1Xinclude:

• New forms (ecp3g, cell3g, ceqface3g) and new optional fieldson the bbueqp form (3G1X CDMA Channel Element Minor OOS Limit and 3G1X CDMA Channel Element Major OOS Limit) inthe translations database for activation of 3G-1X features

• New icons on SDPs to monitor status of 3G-1X features and toillustrate the increased number of channel elements supported

• Minor changes to craftshell (technician interface) commands toaccommodate the increased number of channel elementssupported.

References For more information on 3G-1X features and how to implement themin an existing network, refer to optional features documents:

• 3G-1X Basic Software Package (401-612-407)

• 3G-1X Subscriber Access Control (401-612-189)

• CDMA 3G Quick Paging Channel (401-612-425).


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2 Signal flow and componentdescriptions

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose The purpose of this chapter is to help the technician identify the logicaland physical connections within a Flexent CDMA Distributed BaseStation, and to describe the signals that it processes.


RF signal flow and components description 2 - 2

Reference signal flow and components 2 - 31

Power distribution and components description 2 - 39

Maintenance flow and components 2 - 43


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Signal flow and component descriptions

RF signal flow and componentsdescription

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose This section describes the base station radio frequency signal flow andthe components that function within that flow.

BBU functionality Each BBU contains the digital components necessary to support a one-carrier/three-sector area.

RFU functionality Each RFU contains the RF hardware necessary to support a one-carrier/one-sector area.

BBU components A BBU contains the components listed below:

• One CDMA Radio Controller (CRC)

• One to six CDMA Channel Units (CCUs)

• Timing and Frequency Unit (TFU) in BBU1, with an optionalspare in BBU2

• Oscillator Module (OM)

• Fiberoptic Module (FOM)

• Power units: AC-DC rectifier unit, DC-DC converter unit

• Input/Output Card (IOC).

RFU components An RFU contains the components listed below:

• One Pre-distortion CDMA Baseband Radio (PCBR)

• Transmit amplifier

• Power Conversion Unit (PCU)

• Filter

• Measurement Module (MM)

• Couplers

• Cabling.



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Contents The topics covered in this section are as follows.

Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station buses 2 - 4

Inter-BBU cables 2 - 5

Test ports/signals 2 - 6

Input/Output Card (IOC) 2 - 7

Facilities interface (T1/E1) 2 - 9

CDMA Radio Controller (CRC) 2 - 11

CDMA Channel Unit (CCU) 2 - 14

Fiberoptic Module (FOM) 2 - 18

Pre-distortion CDMA Baseband Radio (PCBR) 2 - 20

Transmit amplifier 2 - 23

Filter panels 2 - 25

Receive and transmit antennas 2 - 27


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station buses

Overview Buses are used to interface the BBU and RFU components to oneanother.

Peripheral bus The peripheral bus in the BBU interconnects the CRC and TFU withina BBU. The bus routes through the FOM and uses fiberoptic links tologically connect the primary BBU to the PCBR and Tx amplifier ineach of its RFUs and to a second BBU. The peripheral bus is a low-speed bus that transfers control information.

The peripheral bus is also routed to a test connector on the exterior ofthe RFU. The test connector is accessible from the access panel of theRFU.

Packet bus The packet bus interconnects the CRC with each of the CCUs in theBBU. It is a high-speed data bus.

Other connections The CRC is connected to the FOM for alarm collection and inventorycontrol. The AC-DC module and I/O card also provide inventory datato the CRC. The IOC is controlled by the CRC for the purposes oftransmitter disable switch LED control.

The CRC connects to the DC-DC PCU module to collect inventorydata.



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Inter-BBU cables

Inter-BBU cables Timing and peripheral bus signals are cabled between the first andsecond BBU.

Important! If these cables are disconnected, the system will failuntil the cable is restored.


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Test ports/signals

Overview Signals from the test ports are brought to the outside of the BBUthrough the IOC.

BBU test ports/signals The test ports/signals listed below are available for the BBU.

RFU test ports An RF test port is available on each RFU. The test port couples into theTx path at the transmit filter. The test port may be remotely locatedfrom the RFU up to 50 feet, and is dependent on cable loss. The testports/signals listed below are available for the RFU:

• Peripheral bus

• 10 MHz

• SCLK34

• Even_Sec

• RF Test Port.

Test Port Purpose

10 MHz Test Equipment Reference Frequency

SCLK34 19.6608-MHz clock (coaxial)

Even_Sec 2-second clock (coaxial)

Peripheral bus Peripheral bus (RJ45)

PCBR Serial Ports Communicate to PCBR from BBU (canbe terminated in I/O panel or uponexiting backplane)

VIM Voice line back to MSC

10 baseT Ethernet Provides Ethernet connection to CRC(accessed from I/O panel)

Transmitter disable switch Switch to turn off PCBR transmitterfrom BBU (accessed from I/O panel)

TFU DEBUGON Enables clock signals from TFU(enabled when pulled low)



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Input/Output Card (IOC)

IOC diagram

IOC functions The Input/Output Card (IOC) provides:

• Connectors for the OM to interface with the backplane. Twocables provide the IOC/OM interface. One cable connects the OMand the IOC, for the power and digital signals that the OMrequires. The IOC has traces to connect these signals to thebackplane. The second cable is for RF.

• The external interface for the BBU CDMA clock test port signals.The three test ports in the BBU are the 10 MHz, 19.6608-MHz,and the even second tick. A physical switch on the IOC enables/disables the CDMA clock test ports.

• Voice, Ethernet, and peripheral bus test ports. These ports are usedas maintenance and diagnostic test ports.


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• Two ports for BBU interconnections. These ports contain theEven_Sec, 19.6608-MHz, and peripheral bus signals required forcommunication between adjacent BBUs when the system is in aconfiguration that requires two or three BBUs.

• The physical transmitter disable switch to enable/disable RFtransmission.

Control of RF power output The IOC has one control on the front panel for RF power output:

• An AUTO/OFF switch, which controls the transmit output of thePCBR. The switch positions affect the transmit power asdescribed below.

– If this switch is set to “OFF,” the RFU transmit output willdrop to below -65 dBm.

– If this switch is set to “AUTO,” RF output is enabled fromthe PCBR.

Once the switch is set to “AUTO”, the software must also beconfigured to enable transmission before RF power will betransmitted.

IOC components The IOC contains the following active components:

• Hot insertion circuitry, to ensure that a hot insertion of the IOCdoes not pull down the supply voltage

• Coaxial drivers, for CDMA clock signals

• Memory, to provide inventory data to the CRC

• Control circuitry, to allow CRC control of PCBR transmitterindication LEDs.



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Facilities interface (T1/E1)

Facility connections The figure below shows the T1/E1 connections in the Flexent CDMADistributed Base Station.

Facilities interfacedescription

The Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station allows for the provisionof two T1/E1 connections to each BBU.

Facilities interface surgeprotection

The facilities interfaces (T1/E1) are surge-protected against high-voltage/high-current surges, such as from lightning strikes.

Balun protector unit(optional)

The balun protector unit provides a central point for converting E1coaxial signaling to the balanced signaling required by the BBU. Theconversion is from 75-ohm unbalanced to 120-ohm balanced cabling.The balun protector unit also provides coaxial protection for two E1transmit/receive circuits with expansion to four E1 circuits.

If the Lucent-supplied cables are to be used, the balun protector unitmust be located within 6.1 meter (20 ft.) of the BBU that it is serving.

The dimensions of the balun protector unit are 254 mm (height) x 254mm (width) x 95 mm (depth) (10 inches x 10 inches x 3.75 inches).


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Reference For information on loopback tests for the facilities interface, refer toChapter 2 in Flexent Wireless Networks Radio Cluster Server (RCS)and Mobility Manager Radio Cluster Server (MM-RCS) Operation,Administration, and Maintenance (401-710-102).



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................CDMA Radio Controller (CRC)

Structure of the CRC The CDMA Radio Controller (CRC) is a circuit pack located inside theBBU, as shown below.

CRC description There is one CRC per BBU. The CRC consists of the two distinctfunctional units listed below:

• Main Cluster Controller (MCC)

• Line Interface Unit (LIU).

The LIU section handles the low-level High-level Data Link Control(HDLC) protocol processing of the packet pipes and signaling links,and the MCC handles all maintenance and call processing.

Additional CRCcomponents

The CRC also supports the components and functions listed below:

• Channel Service Unit (CSU)

• Ethernet Maintenance Port

• Voice interface support


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• CDMA clock detection.

Channel Service Unit (CSU)

The CRC supports up to two CSUs that provide connectivity with theT1/E1 line(s) and enable loopback testing. Each CSU supports one T1/E1 line.

Ethernet maintenance port

The CRC drives an Ethernet port which serves as the cell maintenanceport. It is used by the technician to connect to the cell for diagnostics.The connection is 10BaseT (10 Mbps, twisted pair), and terminates inan RJ-45 jack.

Voice interface support

The CRC detects the off-hook/on-hook state of the cell voice interface(craft POTS line). When the CRC detects this change of state, the CRCsoftware will instruct the communications processor to patch the voicedata onto the allocated T1/E1 DS0 for transmission to the MSC.

CDMA clock detection

The CRC monitors the CDMA clocks generated by the TFU, andreports an alarm to the RCS when a failure is detected. The EvenSecTicand 19.6608-MHz signals are monitored.

CRC functional overview The circuit packs:

• Manage a signaling and control interface to the RCS applicationinstance that executes on an application processor

• Route packet pipe to appropriate CCUs in a base station

• Perform call processing functions that need to be collocated withthe radio hardware

• Collect and pass alarm and status information from the basestation components to the RCS application

• Perform operation, administration, and maintenance control of thebase station, under the control of an RCS instance

• Perform fault recovery of the base station, either autonomously orcoordinated from the RCS

• Perform base station initialization, coordinated from the RCS

• Maintain the cell site Flash File System (FFS)



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• Prior to Release 18.0, packet pipes were assigned to a specificCCU, which meant that a single packet pipe would support up tofour CCUs. As of Release 18.0, packet pipes will no longer beassigned to a specific CCU, and will instead be assigned to theCRC. The result of this changes is that a single CCU has theresource to multiple packet pipes. Both the packet pipes and CCUsbecome pooled resources, which enhances call processing. Thischange will be shown on SDP 2139, and assignments previouslymade to show packet pipes connections to CCUs will now reflectassociations with the CRC.


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................CDMA Channel Unit (CCU)

Structure of the CCU Each BBU supports up to six CCUs, as shown in the diagram below.

Description The CCUs are available in three types. Base station softwarerecognizes the board type during initialization.

CCU-20

CCU-20s support twenty channel elements (CEs), and provide thechannel coding and decoding functions for a total of up to 120 channelsper BBU. These channels consist of overhead channels and trafficchannels.

CCU-32

CCU-32s support thirty-two CEs, and provide the channel coding anddecoding functions for a total of up to 192 traffic channels per BBU. Inaddition, overhead channels (pilot/synchronization, paging/access, andquick paging) are available per sector.



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The CCU-32 improves base station performance over the CCU-20 byproviding more channel elements to increase the base station’s capacityand support 3G-1X calls.

CCU-II

Important! Multiple packet pipes for the 3G-1X CCU must beenabled to use the CCU-II channel elements to full capacity.

CCU-IIs support sixty-four CEs, and provide the channel coding anddecoding functions for a total of up to 384 channels per BBU. Thesechannels consist of overhead channels (pilot/synchronization, paging/access, and quick paging) and traffic channels. For more informationon the overhead channel pairing, refer to Flexent /AUTOPLEX

Wireless Networks Executive Cellular Processor (ECP) CDMA DualPaging Channels per Carrier Optional Feature Description (401-612-559).

Enhancements of the CCU-II over the CCU-32 include:

• Change of processor from a PPC603e (CCU-32) to a PPC750(CCU-64). This enables the CPU speed of the CCU-II to increaseto 300MHz (CPU speed of the CCU-II is 200MHz).

• Additional 1Mb of L2 cache (stores instructions or data). Thislowers the refresh time of the processor.

• End result is approximately a capacity increase of twice as manycalls, using less processing power.

3G-1X and the CCUs For backward capability with existing 2G systems, the 3G-1X capableCCUs (CCU-II and CCU-32) support both 2G (IS95A/B) and 3G (IS-2000) channels (bi-modal CCU). All three CCUs (CCU-II, CCU-32,and the CCU-20) can be mixed in the same carrier (BBU) for Flexentproducts.

The 3G forward common channels and the reverse access channel arethe same for 2G and 3G, so processing of these channels has notchanged. The reverse pilot channel is a new 3G channel that will besupported by the 3G-1X CCUs in 3G mode. The 3G-1X CCU forwardand reverse traffic channels are different from the 2G traffic channels.Only the fundamental channel is used for voice calls. The radioconfigurations supported for the 3G-1X traffic channels are RC3, RC4and RC5 for the forward channels, and RC3 and RC4 for the reversechannels. The radio configurations for 2G are RC1 and RC2.


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Channel coding The channel coding is carried out within Application SpecificIntegrated Circuits (ASICs). For a CCU-20, each ASIC handles onechannel (both forward and reverse directions). For 3G-1X CCUs, eachASIC handles all channels. In the reverse direction, the CCU timingsignals allow for the alignment of the diversity receive signals.

If the 3G-1X CCUs are present in the BBU, the system will place theoverhead channels on these CCUs first to allow the new overheadchannels to be used first.

Channel elements The CEs communicate their traffic information to the CRC for transferto the 5ESS Switch via the T1/E1 facility. CEs exchange OA&Minformation, such as initialization and status, with the cell site’sOA&M process that runs on the CRC.

A CE contains the circuitry necessary to support a full duplex CDMAchannel; that is, the support to perform forward link and reverse linkCDMA processing. Each CE supports one CDMA channel. A CEperforms the modulation/demodulation of one CDMA channel or, insome cases, more than one channel.

Channel functions Each CE can be assigned to perform:

• Pilot channel functions, which enable the CDMA mobile toestablish communication with the base station

• Sync channel functions, which are used by the mobile to acquireinitial time synchronization

• Paging channel functions, which are used by the base station totransmit system overhead information and pages to the mobile

• Access channel functions, the reverse of the paging channel,which are used to receive various types of messages from themobile

• Traffic channel functions (2G and 3G fundamental), which carryvoice and data

• Supplemental channel functions (3G supplemental), which carryhigh-speed forward data burts (up to 156 kbps)

• Quick paging channel for 3G-1X.

The pilot, sync, and access functions can be combined into a single CE.

Features The CCU provides:



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• Support for daisy-chaining of CCU transmit paths. This featureallows transmit data from multiple CCUs to be combined into onetransmit signal. The CCUs are configured in such a way as toallow bypassing of a CCU that is not functional or is out ofservice. If two adjacent CCUs go OOS, any other CCUs upstreamin the series chain will be disconnected from the PCBR.

• As of Release 18.0, the packet pipes are no longer assigned to agiven CCU, but will instead be assigned to a CRC. The result ofthis changes is that a single CCU has the resource to multiplepacket pipes. Both the packet pipes and CCUs become pooledresources, which enhances call processing. This change will beshown on SDP 2139, and assignments previously made to showpacket pipes connections to CCUs will now reflect associationswith the CRC.

Number scheme Physically, CCU-6 is the CCU located closest to the CRC.

CCU communicationprocess

CCUs that operate in 2G mode set up and monitor the status of IS-95ACDMA Traffic/Overhead channels, which transmit and receiving thedigital data portion of the air interface. The CCU communicates withthe CRC over the bus, and together they provide all the necessarysignaling for complete IS-95A call processing. As of Release 18.0, theCCU communication process supports IS-2000 voice and data callprocessing in 3G mode.


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Fiberoptic Module (FOM)

Structure of the FOM The FOM provides the optical interface to/from each sector’s RFU.There is one FOM per BBU, as shown below.

Description Each FOM has three Tx and three Rx interfaces. The FOM consistsprimarily of three fiberoptic transceivers, three serializers, three de-serializers, and some additional logic to provide the interface to theBBUs.

FOM functions The FOM:

• Provides an optical interface to/from RFUs

• Collects BBU frame alarms

• Handles BBU clock source selection

• Handles inter-BBU clock distribution.



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FOM clock functions The FOM provides clock buffering/distribution function betweenmultiple BBUs at the cell site. It reconditions the clock signals as theyenter from the previous BBU in the daisy chain. The FOM:

• Accepts clock signals from the TFU and drives both externalclocks out of the BBU and internal clocks to the local backplane

• Accepts external clocks from previous BBU, and selects the localor external clock input under CRC control

• Provides logical clock source when both the external clock sourceand local TFU clock source are not ready

• Regenerates out-of-phase clock

• Reconditions clock from external source.

Fiberoptic Interface (FOI) The Fiberoptic Interface (FOI) to the BBU is located on the PRIM. Onthe uplink, these signals are sent:

• Timing (19.6608-MHz and EVENSEC pulse)

• Peripheral bus

• Transmit data bus

• Static control

• Physical addresses for PCBR and Tx amplifier

• Serial Port.

On the downlink, these signals are sent from the PCBR to the BBU:

• Peripheral bus

• Receive data bus

• Static control

• Serial port.

Letter scheme The serializer/transceiver sets are denoted A, B, and C incorrespondence to the RFUs that they serve.


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Pre-distortion CDMA Baseband Radio (PCBR)

Structure The PCBR is located in the RFU, as shown below.

Overview The PCBR:

• Performs baseband transmit combining

• Modulation and RF upconversion for the transmit path, as well asRF downconversion and demodulation for two (diversity) receivepaths independently. Diversity alignment is handled in the CCU.

• Serves one sector on one carrier

• Contains a Pre-Distortion Radio Interface Module (PRIM) forincorporation of digital pre-distortion

• Contains a Pre-Distortion Radio Frequency Board (PRFB) withintegrated receive path LNAs

• Has a Fiberoptic Interface (FOI) on the PRIM that interfaces withthe BBU

• Interfaces to connectors in the RFU to provide all the necessarypower and digital signals



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• Provides the interface for the Measurement Module (MM)through a serial port

• Contains the firmware to perform RF test functions.

RFU features RFU transmit features include:

• Tunable (under software control) to any allowed channel

• Provides up to 20 dB of the transmit power attenuation, in 0.5-dBincrements.

Bypassing CCUs The PCBR turns off its RF power output whenever an error that affectsthe RF path is detected. If a parity error is detected on the transmit datafrom the CCUs, the PCBR will try to switch to the bypass input. If thisstill shows parity errors, the digital transmit stream will be set to zero.

PCBR functionality The PCBR supports a daisy-chained configuration of the CDMAChannel Units CCUs within a cluster; a cluster is the full complementof CCUs for a carrier. The PCBR provides some baseband, RFprocessing functions in both the transmit path and the receive path. ThePCBR also provides the hardware in digital, analog, and RF circuitrywithin the unit to support comprehensive board level self-tests anddiagnostic tests.

Transmit path

Once within the PCBR, the transmit stream is digitally filtered andconverted to analog. This analog signal is then modulated onto anIntermediate Frequency (IF) carrier for further filtering, gain, andfrequency upconversion.

Receive path

In the receive direction, there are two identical diversity receive unitswithin the PCBR. These units downconvert, filter, demodulate, digitize,and perform Automatic Gain Control (AGC) on the two receivesignals. These receive signals are passed to the CCU cluster to bedecoded.

CCU bypass description The PCBR receives a 19.6608-Mbps digital data stream from the CCUcluster, which represents:

• The digitally combined transmit data for all CEs in the CCUs for afrequency/face, if the CCUs are operating

• The digitally combined transmit data for all CEs in the remainingCCUs, if a CCU has been bypassed.


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Bypass control mechanism

A bypass control mechanism, which resides in the PCBR, detects thestatus of CCUs in the CCU cluster. If a CCU should fail, the PCBR willuse that mechanism to bypass the failed CCU. This mechanismprevents a CCU from becoming a single point of failure for the CCUcluster.

Fiberoptic Interface (FOI) The Fiberoptic Interface (FOI) to the BBU is located on the PRIM. Onthe uplink, these signals are sent from the BBU to the PCBR:

• Transmit data

• Clocks

• Static lines

• Peripheral bus

• Physical addresses to PCBR and Tx amplifier

• Serial Port.

On the downlink, these signals are sent from the PCBR to the BBU:

• Receive data

• Static control

• Peripheral bus

• Serial port.

Pre-distortion functionality The transmit pre-distortion function is performed in the PCBR of theRFU. This function helps maintain the quality of the transmitted outputsignal.

Low Noise ReceiveAmplifiers (LNAs)

Low Noise Receive Amplifiers (LNAs) are integrated onto the PRFBsection of the PCBR. LNAs provide low-noise preamplification ofsignals received from each of the receive antennas after they havepassed through the receive bandpass filters.

EMI filter Immediately to the left of the PCBR is an Electro Magnetic Inductance(EMI) filter. This filter reduces noise and static off the line.



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Transmit amplifier

Structure The transmit amplifier is located in the RFU, as shown below.

Overview The transmit path of the Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Stationcontains an RF power amplifier. This amplifier increases the RF outputpower from the PCBR to the output power called for by cell sitespecifications.

Transmit amplifierdescription

The transmit amplifier provides RF power amplification for a single1.25-MHz CDMA carrier within the PCS or Cellular ranges. The PCStransmit amplifier provides 16 watts of power at the transmit antennaport of the RFU. Cellular transmit amplifiers provides 20 watts ofpower at the transmit antenna port of the RFU.

Important! Prior to Release 18.0, Cellular transmit amplifiersprovided 16 watts of output power at the transmit antenna port.While these amplifiers will continue to be supported, new basestations deployed will feature the 20 watt transmit amplifier.


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Alarm and NVM updateinterface

Transmit amplifiers communicate on the peripheral bus to transmitalarm indications, and to receive Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) updatesand to enable the RF output.

Inventory and calibrationinformation

The transmit amplifier stores its inventory and calibration informationin its internal NVM.

Temperature control andRFU fan

Beyond a specified temperature range, a fan should be installed withthe RFU for temperature control. In the field, the fan is attached to theplenum (the RFU mounting bracket) and wired into the junction boxarea of the RFU.

For a 16 watt RFU, the fan assembly is required at temperatures over52 degrees Celsius. For a 20 watt RFU, a fan assembly is required fortemperatures over 46 degrees Celsius.

The fan assembly has variable speed capability based on sensing theoutside temperature, and is weatherized for outdoor operation.



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Filter panels

Overview The Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station supports either a duplexfilter for the combined transmit/receive path, or a simplex receive filterfor the diversity receive path. The filter panel is shown below.

Filter bands The Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station supports these filterbands:

• PCS filters that are 20-MHz bandwidth and support FC, BE, andAD blocks

• Cellular 850 filters for domestic applications in A and B bands

• Cellular 850 for international applications in A and B bands

• Cellular 850 for domestic applications in A and B bands(simplex).

RF filters RF filters ensure that the RF transmit and receive signals comply withspectral emissions requirements. Test couplers allow the RF path to betested. Filters, whose type is dependent on the base stationconfiguration employed, can be:


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• Duplex, which allows connection of one Tx amplifier to oneduplex antenna and provides one receive diversity path

• Simplex receive, which provides one receive diversity path on oneantenna.

Filter surge protection The filters are surge-protected against high-voltage/high-currentsurges, such as from lightning strikes.



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Receive and transmit antennas

Structure of the RFantennas

The diagram below shows the antenna connections at the top-back ofthe base station.

Overview The Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station supports duplex andsimplex RF antennas and one Global Positioning System (GPS)antenna. In the two-antenna configuration, one RF antenna is a duplexantenna for combination transmit and receive; the other is a simplexreceive antenna for diversity reception. For simplex configurations,each RFU has three potential antenna interfaces: one simplex transmitand two simplex receive.

Description The antenna connections are on the bottom of the RFU. The antennaleads are surge-protected to prevent damage to internal componentsfrom lightning strikes. All antennas have a 50-ohm impedance.


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Antenna sharing In multicarrier configurations, antennas may be shared between RFUsthat operate on a single sector.

Antenna sharing modes

The antenna sharing mode is set in the Antenna Sharing Mode fieldon screen 1 of the cmmceqp form in the Recent Change/Verify (RC/V)translations database.

Possible modes:

• If the translation value is set to “0,” each RFU uses two antennas:Tx/Rx0 and Rx1.

• If the translation value is set to “1,” each RFU receives itsdiversity 1 signal from another RFU in the same sector (differentcarrier).

• If the translation value is set to “2,” each RFU receives both itsdiversity 0 and diversity 1 signals from a source external to theFlexent CDMA Distributed Base Station.

Antenna sharing mode 0



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Unused antenna ports

The image below shows the Type N connectors for the antenna sharingports.



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Reference signal flow and components

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose This section describes the reference signal flow and components.

15-MHz signal distribution The 15-MHz signal is derived from the fiberoptic data that enters thePCBR. The clock frequency is driven by the Oscillator Module (OM).


GPS antenna 2 - 32

Timing and Frequency Unit (TFU) 2 - 33

Oscillator Module (OM) 2 - 35

Shared GPS antenna 2 - 36

Component functions summary 2 - 38


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................GPS antenna

Description The GPS link system includes sub-units of GPS antenna, GPSreceivers, and splitters. A GPS antenna with an internal low noiseamplifier (LNA) is placed near the cell site where it obtains the bestreception of a GPS satellite signal. A GPS receiver is mounted on theTFU board to acquire and track the GPS timing signal.

DC current distribution In Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station design, the DC currentcomes from the TFU for the GPS pre-amplifier.



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Timing and Frequency Unit (TFU)

Timing and Frequency Unit The TFU is located in the BBU, as shown below.

Overview The TFU is the reference frequency and CDMA time-base unit thatsynchronizes the base station with the other base stations in the CDMAnetwork.

Synchronization Synchronization of the CDMA network enables the mobile stations totrack several base stations at once, and to execute a soft handoffbetween base stations.

The TFU has a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver to provideCDMA network synchronization signals derived from the GPS satellitenetwork. These signals synchronize the time signals that are distributedto the CEs for use in channel coding.

Alarm collection The TFU collects user alarms for the base station, converts them to anperipheral bus protocol, and transmits them over to the CRC on theperipheral bus.


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TFU signals The TFU provides:

• An Even Second Tick (EvenSecTic), which is a pulse every twoseconds, coordinated with CDMA System Time (CST). The19.6608-MHz signals are phase-locked with this signal. Thesesignals go to the CCUs and PCBRs (and to the CRCs to bemonitored).

• The CDMA System Time (CST), which is an ASCII string thatprovides the number of seconds, uncorrected for leap seconds.This time string is coordinated with the next EvenSecTic.

• A 10-MHz sine wave, phase-locked to the 15-MHz frequencyreference, for phase-locking test equipment to the cell. The TFUcontrols the OM and disciplines it to maintain the 15-MHz signal.

Flywheeling The TFU generates highly accurate CDMA timing signals because itdisciplines its clock generation unit with time signals from the GPSunit. When contact with the satellites is lost, the 15-MHz crystal OM isstable enough to maintain the necessary synchronization with thenetwork for up to eight hours.

The TFU is said to be flywheeling when contact is lost with the GPSsignal. Once the GPS satellites are reacquired, the TFU corrects anydeviation from the CST which the cell may have developed whileflywheeling.

OM- required maintenance is one cause for flywheeling (other causesare poor satellite reception, failed GPS receiver, or antenna fault).Check the Read-Only Printer (ROP) for a possible error indication ifthe cell is flywheeling too long (that is, severity has escalated toMAJOR).

TFU function There is one TFU in BBU1. A spare TFU can be placed in BBU2 forredundancy. The TFU (and OM):

• Communicate with the CRC

• Provide an interface to control and monitor an OM such that theOM can be used as a RF frequency reference for radios and aCDMA time-base

• Monitor the external GPS antenna status and current GPS RFcoverage situation.



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Oscillator Module (OM)

Location of the OscillatorModule (OM)

The OMs are mounted inside the IOC in the BBU.

Overview The Oscillator Module (OM) provides a 15-MHz reference to the basestation.

OM (XO) The XO OM is an ovenized crystal oscillator designed to provide ahighly stable frequency reference.

The XO OM is an oscillator that provides a highly stable, 15-MHzfrequency reference over temperature variations expected within thebase station.

Three concerns must be considered:

• The OM must have a warm-up period of up to 30 minutes after theoven temperature has stabilized, to provide an accurate 15-MHzfrequency reference.

• The OM requires up to seven days of continuous operation beforeit can meet the full GPS flywheeling requirements.

• Because of this long stabilization period, the OM power must notbe cycled unless absolutely necessary.

OM drift Any drift of the frequency output provided by the OM is detected andcorrected by the TFU. There is a finite amount of correction allowed,and once this value is surpassed, the OM must be replaced. Age andtemperature fluctuations affect OM drift.

Component serviced by 15-MHz

The TFU is serviced by the 15-MHz signal.


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Shared GPS antenna

Shared GPS antenna When base stations are co-located, and a redundant TFU is available inthe second BBU, the GPS antenna lead can be split across the BBUs, asshown below.

DC power distribution forshared GPS antenna

configurations

Since all TFU GPS units supply drive current to the GPS antenna pre-amplifier, the splitter incorporates DC one-port blocking for all outputs,with the exception of the primary BBU. The primary BBU is the onlycell that supplies DC current to the pre-amplifier.

Signal loss in the splitters The loss of the 1:2 splitter is 3.6 dB. Based on the types and the lengthof GPS cable used in current primary assemblage, the total internalcable loss is about 1 dB (from the antenna panel to TFU faceplate).Therefore, it is assumed that the internal cable and connector lossinside the primary assemblage is less than 2 dB. (2 dB includes thesurge protector).

GPS signal distribution One GPS antenna can be configured to feed up to two BBUs. Thepermitted maximum distance between the assemblages is 50 feet,which should also be included in the worst case calculation. Themaximum distance between cells depends on the antenna type and gain.Recommended lengths of cable between a cell and a GPS antenna for



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different antennas, and for either a single BBU or a two BBUconfiguration, are provided below.

GPSantennaKS24019

Nominalantennagain (dB)

Andrewcabletype

Approximateminimumcable length(ft.)

Approximatemaximumcable length(ft.)

Nominalcable lengthwith 2:1splitter (ft.)

Worstcasecablelengthwith 2:1splitter

L112A 26 FSJ4 0 250 230 165

LDF4 0 400 367 267

L116 40 FSJ4 210 570 520 440

LDF4 335 1025 833 700

L110A 50 FSJ4 420 900 730 645

LDF4 670 1400 1167 1033


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Component functions summary

Component types The Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station is supported by thesecomponents:

• Power Converter Units (PCUs)

• CDMA Radio Controller (CRC)

• CDMA Channel Unit (CCU)

• Pre-distortion CDMA Baseband Radio (PCBR)

• Timing and Frequency Unit (TFU)

• Transmit Amplifier

• Fiberoptic Module (FOM)

• Input/Output Card (IOC)

• Oscillator Module (OM).

Functions of theprocessors

The functions of the components that contain processors aresummarized below.

Processors and NVMs Processors are provided with small NVMs that store configurationinformation, operating parameters, and BLST results.

The EEPROM on the backplane stores the diagnostic and functionalimages for use by the circuit packs.

CRC Performs call processing, maintenance control, T1/E1 interface,and alarm status

CCU Processes information from the CRC, and performs channelcoding of traffic from/to the air interface for a mobile user

TFU Collects alarm and status from some base station components andpasses to the CRC application

PCBR Performs RF conversion

Tx amp Performs signal amplification in the transmit path



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Power distribution and componentsdescription

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose This section describes the power connections and equipment in theFlexent CDMA Distributed Base Station.

Antennas The base station supports antennas for transmit and receive functions,and one antenna for GPS signals.

The base station can function with either a short circuit or an opencircuit at the antenna port without damage.


BBU power converter units 2 - 40

RFU PCU 2 - 41

Optional battery backup 2 - 42


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................BBU power converter units

BBU power converter units The BBU power converter units are located in the BBU, as shownbelow.

Overview The power units convert supplied AC or DC input to DC at severalvoltage levels for the circuit packs.

Modules The BBU contains two power modules: an AC-DC rectifier unit, and aDC-DC converter unit.

DC only If the base station is installed at a site with DC only power, the AC-DCrectifier unit will not be present in the BBU.

Reference

For PCU alarms, refer to Chapter 5, Fault Detection, Isolation, andRecovery.



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................RFU PCU

RFU PCU The RFU PCU is located in the RFU, as shown below.

Function The RFU PCU converts supplied AC or DC voltage to several requiredvoltage levels.

Module The AC-DC and DC-DC functionality is integrated into one module inthe RFU PCU.


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Optional battery backup

1600W Power BackupCabinet (PBC) and PBC

battery cabinet

An internal battery is available for the RFU and the BBU that canprovide backup power for at least 60 seconds when operating above -20degrees Celsius at full transmit power capability. The Power BackupCabinet (PBC) is recommended if the customer requires a longer powerbackup capability.

The PBC contains an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) thatconditions the utility power under normal operating conditions. If thepower utility should fail, the PBC will maintain AC power to the RFUfrom its internal batteries via a converter.

The PBC output cables are supplied in two kits, one for 14.5 meter (50ft.) long, and another for 4.6 meter (15 ft.). If a longer cable is required,the customer must provide it.

The PBC must be equipped with heaters if the operating temperature isbelow zero degrees Celsius.

Important! The PBC contains holes through which water candrain out of the cabinet. These holes are located below thecomponents, and will enable any water to drain before it touchesthe radios.



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Maintenance flow and components

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose This section describes the maintenance flow and components.

Digital inputs and outputs The digital inputs and outputs (I/Os) consist of:

• T1/E1 lines

• User alarms

• Maintenance port.

Digital lines that enter the base station are protected against voltagesgreater than 7 volts.

User-alarm contacts Twelve pairs of user-alarm contacts leave the base station to attach toexternal user equipment. These leads are surge-protected.

Maintenance port The maintenance port is a 10BaseT Ethernet port intended to be theprimary digital access port for the craftsperson.

This port uses an RJ45 connector. It enables local connection to theRemote Maintenance Tool (RMT) software on a portable computer forlocal operation of the cell.

This port can also be used to communicate with the OperationManagement Platform (OMP) if allocated in the packet pipe.


Measurement Module (MM) 2 - 44


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Measurement Module (MM)

Measurement Module (MM) The Measurement Module (MM) is located in the RFU, as shownbelow.

Overview The PCBR uses the Measurement Module (MM) to performs RF testson the base station.

MM functionality The MM:

• Acts as a pre-distortion receiver

• Takes transmit power measurements for transmit gaincompensation and RF output power test

• Takes Tx antenna test measurements

• Takes Rx antenna test measurements.

Radio Frequency Test(RFT) function

The RF Test capability of the MM is referred to as the Radio FrequencyTest (RFT) function.

The RF tests available with the MM include:



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• Tx antenna test

• Rx antenna test

• Tx gain test.

Tests are performed automatically on an ongoing basis in accordancewith parameters specified in translations.

MM versions There are two versions of the MM:

• Cellular band

• PCS band.


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3 User interfaces

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose The purpose of this chapter is to enable a base station technician tocommunicate with the Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station.

User interfaces To provide support for wireless services, the technician must be able to:

• Monitor base station operation

• Interact with the base station to perform routine and correctivemaintenance tasks.

User interfaces provide two-way communication between thetechnician and the switch. The switch controls the base station,monitoring the operation and performing maintenance tasks as needed.


Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station documentation 3 - 2

Base station user interfaces 3 - 8

ECP-based interface: Recent Change/Verify (RC/V) screens 3 - 11

ECP-based interface: craftshell interface and Read-OnlyPrinter (ROP) basics

3 - 17

ECP-based interface: Status Display Pages (SDPs) 3 - 31

Application processor Command Line Interface (CLI) 3 - 37


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User interfaces

Flexent CDMA Distributed BaseStation documentation

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose This section describes the documentation available for the base station.

Available documentation The Flexent/AUTOPLEX documentation provides the informationsupport necessary for the operation and maintenance of a FlexentCDMA Distributed Base Station.

The documentation is composed of two document sets:

• Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station schematic diagrams thatillustrate how the components of the base station connect together

• Customer documentation on a CD-ROM.

Contents The contents of this section are as follows.

Schematic diagrams 3 - 3

Customer documentation 3 - 6

Documents of interest 3 - 7

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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Schematic diagrams

Overview Schematic diagrams (SDs) are multipage documents that supportparticular applications. Maintenance personnel use the SDs for cablingand connections.

Schematic diagramssample

Diagram identification information is located in the lower right cornerof all SDs, as shown below.

Layout All SDs provide an SD number, a sheet number, and an issue number.Coordinates to items in the SD are provided in the margin.

Additional information provided includes proprietary information andproduct names.

Schematic drawingnumbers

The Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station schematic drawingnumbers are:

• SD-2R452-01, BBU information

• SD-2R464-01, PCS RFU information

• SD-2R465-01, Cellular RFU information.

Proprietary Information

SchematicDrawingNumber

Sheet Number

Issue Number

Coordinates

Drawing Size

Product Identification

H

G

F

9876


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User interfaces

SD sheets SD sheets are arranged alphabetically from A to H, and containinformation as listed in the following table.

The SD issue number is located on the top right corner of sheet A1.

In the lower right corner, sheet A1 contains a count of the total numberof SD sheets in the set.

Page designations, such as A1 or B17, are located on the lower right ofeach sheet.

Ordering information Schematic diagrams can be ordered from the Customer InformationCenter (CIC).

Domestic customers

Domestic customers can order documentation in three ways.

• To order or download documentation over the Extranet, visit CICat http://www.cic.lucent.com

• To order documentation by phone, call 1-888-582-3688

• To fax an order, call 1-800-566-9568.

International customers

International customers can call in or fax orders for documentation.

SDSheets

Sheet Name Sheet Contents

A Index Issue date(s), sheet indices to all SD pages

B FSs (FunctionalSchematics)

Graphic information about the circuit(s)

C Apparatus Figures Component-specific information, such as LucentTechnologies comcodes and manufacturer numbers

D Circuit Notes Explanation of notes referenced within FSs

E Circuit Description (CD) Text description of the circuits appearing in the SDs(Note that most SDs do not contain a CD.)

F Not used in this SD Not used in this SD

G CADs (CablingDiagrams)

Specific interconnection cabling information

H BDs (Block Diagrams) High-level interconnections between major units

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• Customers from Asia, the Pacific Region, China, Caribbean, andLatin America should call 1-317-322-6411

• Customers from Canada should call 1-317-322-6619

• Customers from Europe, the Middle East, and Africa should call1-317-322-6416

• To fax an order, call 1-317-322-6699.


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Customer documentation

Overview Customer documentation is available on the AUTOPLEX/WirelessCD-ROM or over the Extranet at http://www.lucentdocs.com. Thedocumentation is presented on the computer screen in an AcrobatReader browser.

Access the documentation When the CD-ROM is first accessed, a list of topics is displayed in thecenter of the screen.

............................................................................................................................................................................

1 Select a topic from that list to display the available documentation forthat topic.

............................................................................................................................................................................

2 Select the title of a particular document to view the documentation.

Result: The screen displayed has a running table of contents on theleft-hand pane, and the text in the right-hand pane.

............................................................................................................................................................................

3 Select an item in the table of contents to display the corresponding text.

N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................

Search the documentation The Adobe Acrobat Reader on the AUTOPLEX/Wireless CD-ROMincludes a Search plug-in. For information on the search featureavailable for the CD-ROM, refer to the jewel case cover thataccompanied the CD-ROM.

User interfaces


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Documents of interest

Document list The list below contains documents of specific interest to FlexentCDMA Distributed Base Station technicians.

Content Document reference

Translations forms Flexent /AUTOPLEX Wireless NetworksExecutive Cellular Processor (ECP) DatabaseUpdate Manual (401-610-036)

Input/Output messages Flexent /AUTOPLEX Wireless NetworksExecutive Cellular Processor (ECP) Input/OutputMessages (401-610-055/057)

Base station and DCS Input/Output message formats

Flexent /AUTOPLEX Wireless Networks CellSite/DCS Input/Output Messages (401-610-107)

Status Display Pages (SDPs)(Chapter 1) and Fault Isolation(Chapter 22)

Flexent /AUTOPLEX Wireless NetworksExecutive Cellular Processor (ECP) Operation,Administration, and Maintenance Guide (401-610-160)

Tests and diagnostics Flexent /AUTOPLEX CellularTelecommunications Systems - System 1000 CellSite Diagnostic Test Descriptions (401-660-101)

Flexent CDMA Distributed BaseStation OA&M

Flexent CDMA Distributed Base StationOperation, Administration, and Maintenance (401-703-369)


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Base station user interfaces

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose This section describes the user interfaces available to a technician.

User interfaces To monitor the status of a base station and control its operation usingcommands, the technician will access user interfaces.


How to choose the right tool 3 - 9

User interfaces


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................How to choose the right tool

Overview The MSC-based tool uses the AUTOPLEX system commands.

Tool choice Each tool has advantages and limitations over the other in terms offeatures, capabilities, and ease of use. As a result, the choice of theright tool may be dictated by operating requirements rather than byoperator’s preference.

RMT vs. ECP interfaces The Remote Maintenance Tool (RMT) supports a specific set ofcommands. The Executive Cellular Processor (ECP) tool supports bothscripted and command line interactions.

RMT The RMT is an optional, self-contained software package that executesscripted operation and maintenance routines (macros). It is designed tointeract with the base station offline from the MSC.

The RMT provides MSC emulation to test base station status withoutrequiring actual connection to the MSC.

Reference

Refer to the RMT online help, or the Remote Maintenance ToolOperations course, CL5730, for information on installing and using theRMT.

ECP tools The ECP tool offers two options of monitoring the base station: thecraftshell interface and Status Display Pages (SDPs). The craftshellinterface and the SDPs are two different ways to seek and act uponinformation pertinent to base station performance.

Although the interface behavior and display are not the same, theinformation that is returned by the system is identical in scope.Craftshell results are displayed in real time. SDP displays are updatedat preset intervals.

Output to both interfaces is recorded on the Read-Only Printer (ROP),which provides a continuous listing of all system activities.

Recent/Change Verify (RC/V) screens provide an interface todatabases.

The functions provided by the ECP interface are as follows:

• SDP: Primarily a GUI, SDPs are designed to provide a snapshot ofthe status of a base station and its system environment.


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• Craftshell: The craftshell interface, also referred to as thetechnician interface (TI), is exclusively a UNIX-based, commandline interface. The craftshell is designed for command line inputand message output. Craftshell commands can also be run fromthe SDPs.

• ROP: The ROP is a running report of system activities.

• RC/V: An interface to a database, RC/V enables a user to reviewand change configuration settings for a base station.

The functions of these interfaces are complementary. The interpretationof a base station condition reported by an SDP will often requirereference to the ROP to identify the cause of that condition. Forexample, the ROP will indicate what event resulted in a component tobe shown on an SDP as being out of service.

User interfaces


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ECP-based interface: Recent Change/Verify (RC/V) screens

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose This section describes the Recent Change and Verify (RC/V) formsused for the base station.

RC/V screens Base station configurations are stored in the translations databases ofthe ECP. To modify configurations, a technician must interact with thedatabase. This is done through Recent Change and Verify (RC/V)screens. The craftshell and SDPs do not affect these parameters for abase station.

Purpose of the RC/Vscreens

RC/V screens provide the user interface to the translations database,and are used to change and check on the configuration of a base station.Some of the changes are service-affecting.

Reference For more information on the RC/V forms, refer to the Flexent /AUTOPLEX Wireless Networks Executive Cellular Processor (ECP)Database Update Manual (401-610-036).


RC/V Access Manager forms 3 - 12

Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station RC/V forms 3 - 15


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................RC/V Access Manager forms

Forms layout All ECP RC/V forms share the same look and feel. All database formsutilize the screen areas shown below.

Common elements RC/V forms display the following three elements:

• User prompt - an AUTOPLEX system feature that points you to afield in which you may enter information

• RC/V form fields - placeholders that store and display translationsinformation

• Help message or system status - context-sensitive text thatprompts a technician to enter a value in a field, or providessystem-level information.

Common look RC/V forms share the same look and feel, and have the followingcharacteristics:

• Forms are arranged in screens. Each screen contains several fields.

• Screen numbers are displayed on the top right corner.

• Fields are assigned field numbers. Their names and assignednumbers are arranged in columns on the left of the form, andcorresponding data is displayed on the right.

• Positions of fields on the screens change periodically toaccommodate different software releases.

User Prompt

Form Fields

Form Name Screen Number

Help MessageorSystem Status

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Access the RC/V forms Important! Help is available at any time from any RC/V formscreen. To access the help screens, enter a question mark (?) at theprompt that is displayed at the bottom of the screen.

Use the following procedure to access an RC/V form, and to change thefield values:

............................................................................................................................................................................

1 Access the RC/V subsystem through the AUTOPLEX System 1000 ECP

Access menu (located under the AUTOPLEX OMP Technician menu), or at aECP UNIX RTR terminal enter:

apxrcv

Result: The RC/V access screen with the prompt Enter Form Name

(or ?) will appear.

Reference: If a technician enters a ?, a list of all RC/V forms willappear. These will not be specific to type of base station.

............................................................................................................................................................................

2 Type the form name at the prompt. Press Enter.

Result: The system displays a prompt of Enter Database Operation

I=Insert R=Review U=Update D=Delete:.

............................................................................................................................................................................

3 Select an option in the IRU form. There are four modes of access to anRC/V screen.

Enter the following commands to complete the desired function:

1. Enter i to insert a new form into the database.

2. Enter r to enable a read-only display of the field values in theform.

3. Enter u to update values in an existing form.

4. Enter d to delete a form.

Important! The left-most option on the “Enter” field indicatesthe mode selected in this step.

Result: The system displays the first page of the unpopulatedform.


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............................................................................................................................................................................

4 To view the information for a particular base station, populate therequired fields which identify the base station being accessed. The keyfields are indicated by an asterisk (*). If there is more than one requiredfield, press Enter after each field to move to the next.

Result: Once all of the required fields have been completed, thescreen will be automatically populated with information on thatbase station.

............................................................................................................................................................................

5 To change system parameters in the Insert or Update modes, enter c tochange fields and fill in the appropriate fields.

............................................................................................................................................................................

6 Enter i if in the Insert mode or u if in the Update mode to accept thechanges. To delete a form, once the key fields have been completed,enter d to delete the form.

Result: A Form Updated message should appear at the top of thescreen.

............................................................................................................................................................................

7 Enter < to exit the form, and then < once again to exit the system.

N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................

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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station RC/V forms

RC/V forms The list below shows the forms available for the Flexent CDMADistributed Base Station.

Form Name Function

ecp Executive Cellular Processor Contains information used by the system to processcalls, make service measurements, and provideAutomatic Message Accounting (AMA).

ecp3g Executive Cellular Processorfor 3G

Contains 3G-1X information for the system.

ceqface Cell Equipage Face Contains information on base station equipage andmultiple component assignment.

ceqface3g Cell Equipage Face for 3G Contains 3G-1X information for the base station.

cell2 Basic Cell Equipage Contains information on the number of radios, basestation status, location equipped faces, overhead streaminformation, system codes, etc.

cell3g Cell Site for 3G Contains 3G-1X information for the cell site.

bbueqp BBU Equipage New for the Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station.Contains information on CRC status, signaling links,CCU status, and PCBR equipage for a BBU.

Two optional fields have been added to the bbueqp formfor 3G-1X: 3G-1X CDMA Channel Element Minor OOS Limit

and 3G-1X CDMA Channel Element Major OOS Limit.Parameters entered in these fields will over-ride thoseentered on the cell3g or ecp3g forms.

cmmceqp Flexent CDMA DistributedBase Station Equipage

New for the Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station.Contains information for base station equipage, routinediagnostics timers, and user alarms.

cmodpptm CDMA Packet Pipe TrunkMembers

Defines packet pipe trunk group members.

pptg Packet Pipe Trunk Group Defines the packet pipe trunk group.


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fci Face Code Information Contains information used by the cell site in the handofffunction. FCI forms are entered per Server Group (SG)and Antenna Face Number (also known as PhysicalAntenna Face or PAF).

cdhnl/cdhfl

CDMA Directed HandoffNeighbor List

Contains information on neighbor cell candidates forinter-frequency handoffs and handdowns.

cgsa Cellular Geographic ServiceArea

Defines the system on a CGSA basis, including roamerinformation, combined paging and access, and the list ofcell sites.

apeqp Application ProcessorEquipment

Defines the physical DS1/DS0 on the applicationprocessors, the link protocol, and the far-end point codefor the link sets associated with the applicationprocessors.

iun IMS User Node Defines application processor nodes.

opmsg Output Message Direction Contains the information for the output message classdata base, opclassdb, and the output message type database, optypedb.

sub Subscriber and FeatureInformation

Contains basic information needed for a mobilesubscriber.

Form Name Function

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ECP-based interface: craftshellinterface and Read-Only Printer (ROP)basics

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose This section describes the craftshell interface, and common commandsthat can be entered at that interface.

Craftshell functionality The craftshell provides the most flexible means to input commands andto retrieve output messages from a base station.

Functions of the craftshellcommands

Use craftshell commands to perform the following tasks:

• Identify operational status

• Remove and restore a unit from service

• Diagnose a unit

• Download Non-Volatile Memory (NVM)

• Stop a command

• Initialize a site.

Reference More information on the command syntax, output messages, and theROP can be found in Flexent /AUTOPLEX Wireless Networks CellSite/DCS Input/Output Messages (401-610-107).

For information on specific input commands that can be entered fromthe craftshell and the corresponding output, refer to AUTOPLEX®Cellular Telecommunications Systems/System 1000 Input MessagesManual (401-610-055) /Output Messages Manual (401-610-057).


Craftshell command syntax 3 - 19

Common craftshell commands - configuration request 3 - 20

Common craftshell commands - operational status 3 - 22

Common craftshell commands - inventory command 3 - 23

Common craftshell commands - remove command 3 - 24


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Common craftshell commands - restore command 3 - 25

Common craftshell commands - stop command 3 - 26

Common craftshell commands - diagnose command 3 - 27

Output messages 3 - 28

Read-Only Printer (ROP) 3 - 29

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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Craftshell command syntax

Craftshell syntax Commands entered at the craftshell require precise syntax.

Outline of craftshellstructure

A sample command line and explanations of the various elements areshown below.

Craftshell syntax Craftshell commands follow strict syntax, punctuation, spacing (spacebefore numerals), and capitalization rules. The commands share acommon structure of four elements.

• Action - the command name followed by a colon (:)

• Identification:

– Target - the base station affected by the command

– Object (if applicable) - the unit affected by the command

For example:

The target base station is identified “cell #”, with a space betweenthe word “cell” and the cell number

The object is identified “bbu #”, with a space between the word“bbu” and the bbu number

A comma between elements.

• Options (if applicable) - options associated with the commandpreceded by a colon (:) or a semicolon (;)

• Data (if applicable); for example, “tlp”, preceded by a “:”

Structure: 4 fieldsaction: identification;options:data

– Action: command– Identification: cell and object– Options (if applicable)– Data (if applicable)

Exampledgn: cell 21,bbu 1, tfu;ucl:tlp


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Common craftshell commands - configuration request

Overview The Configuration Request (CFR) feature provides the technician witha command to help monitor base station operations by configuring theradio for FCC testing and to verify compliance with specifications.This request will perform tests to configure the radio as a voice radio,and test the transmit control, power control, and channel selection. Thiscommand is initiated by a Technician Interface (TI) command. When“multi” is specified, the command will configure all the radios withinthat base station.

For Release 18.0, new RC parameters (RC1 for 2G and RC3 for 3G)for the cfr:cell command are supported for the Flexent CDMADistributed Base Station.

The CFR command allows a technician to adjust the RF power levelfrom 2.0-dB to 30.0-dB, in increments of 0.5-dB.

Important! Changes made during a CFR session only lastduring that session; once the session is exited, the radioparameters will return to their original values.

Command format To run the configuration request command, use:

cfr:cell a,bbu b

Description of the test The CFR command places radios out of service and provides thecommands listed below for each carrier in a base station.

• BASEB: Baseband Module Control

• CONFIG: Configure a Voice Radio

• RATDS: Connect Radio to a Specific DS0/DS1 Control

• XMITC: Transmitter Control

• CHANL: Select Channel Number

• VRADPC: Voice Radio Power Control

• TRKREQ: Trunk Loopback Control.

These tests/diagnostics can also be run individually via the RMT withthe base station offline.

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Using the Wait for Idle (WFI) command with CFR

There is a useful command for moving calls off a particular base stationprior to removing the base station from service. The TI command is:rmv:cell a,bbu b,wfi.

This option, wfi, on the remove (rmv) command provides the systemwith the same functionality that inhibit call processing would offer asingle base station. After the remove command finishes execution, thetechnician can use the CFR command to perform RF testing. Whenfinished, the restore (rst) command can be used to bring the base stationback to its operational state.


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Common craftshell commands - operational status

Definition Operational status The operational status maintenance action (OP)determines the status (state) of a maintenance unit; that is, the systemreads the recorded status from the equipment status table and forwardsthe status to the Access Manager.

In addition, the system automatically reports the maintenance status ofthe equipment to the Access Manager whenever the status changes. AnSDP is refreshed with new maintenance status every 15 seconds.

Format of operationalstatus command

The format of the operational status command is:

op:cell a

Format of operationalstatus command - specific

component

To determine the operational status of a specific component, enter:

op:cell a,{bbu b,crc c,ccu d,tfu,pcbr e}

Format of operationalstatus command - alarms

To use the operational status command to check alarms status of allbase stations, enter:

op:alarms,all

Format of operationalstatus command - generic

To use the operational status command to check the generic, enter:

op:cell a,{bbu b}, generic c

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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Common craftshell commands - inventory command

Definition Inventory The inventory command modifies the operational statuscommand to provide hardware-specific information associated with thehardware unit.

The inventory information can be obtained by the RCS and is kept in afile at the OMP in /omp-data/inventory. The information suppliedincludes function code, serial number, vintage, apparatus code,artmaster, series, comcode, boot version identifier, boot genericversion, and physical identifier value.

In the base station, the inventory data is stored in a specializedEEPROM memory (iButtons).

Format of inventorycommand

The craftshell format of the inventory command is:

op:cell a,inventory


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Common craftshell commands - remove command

Definition Remove (rmv) The remove command changes the state of amaintenance unit from active to out-of service.

Conditional remove A conditional remove takes the unit out-of-service only if the unit is NOT busy (used in support of an active call).

A conditional remove will abort if the:

• Out-of-service threshold for the unit would be exceeded

• BBU threshold is exceeded.

Unconditional remove An unconditional remove takes the unit out-of-service even if the unit is busy.

If an unconditional remove is targeted for a busy CCU, the remove isdeferred for up to five minutes. If the unit is still busy after fiveminutes, the Maintenance Request Administrator (MRA) drops thecalls and removes the unit from service.

An unconditional remove may be service-affecting.

Format of conditionalremove command

The craftshell format of the conditional remove command is:

rmv:cell a,{bbu b,crc c,ccu d,tfu,pcbr e}

Format of unconditionalremove command

The craftshell format of the conditional remove command is:

rmv:cell a,{bbu b,crc c,ccu d,tfu,pcbr e};ucl

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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Common craftshell commands - restore command

Definition Restore (rst) The restore command changes the state of a maintenanceunit from out-of-service to active.

Conditional restore A conditional restore runs a diagnostic test on themaintenance unit before the unit is returned to service. If the unit failsdiagnostics, the conditional restore will abort and the unit will remainout-of-service.

Unconditional restore An unconditional restore brings the unit backinto service, but does NOT run a diagnostic test on the unit.

Format of conditionalrestore command

The craftshell format of the conditional restore command is:

rst:cell a,{bbu b,crc c,ccu d,tfu,pcbr e}

Format of unconditionalrestore command

The craftshell format of the conditional restore command is:

rst:cell a,{bbu b,crc c,ccu d,tfu,pcbr e};ucl


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Common craftshell commands - stop command

Definition Stop The stop command aborts a maintenance activity on acomponent.

If the maintenance activity request is still in the job queue, MRAremoves the request from the queue. If the maintenance activity is inprocess, MRA aborts the activity.

Format of stop commandfor a given component

The craftshell format command to stop maintenance activity on a givencomponent is:

stop:cell a,{bbu b,crc c,ccu d,tfu,pcbr e}

or

stop:dgn:cell a,{bbu b,crc c,ccu d,tfu,pcbr e}

Format of stop commandfor an Non-volatile Memory

(NVM) update

The craftshell format command to stop a Non-volatile Memory (NVM)update is:

stop:send;cell a,generic b

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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Common craftshell commands - diagnose command

Definition Diagnose (dgn) The diagnose command preforms a diagnostic test onan out-of-service component.

If the component is in the active state, the MRA takes the unit out-of-service before the test is run. After the test has been completed, the unitis left in the out-of-service state.

The conditional restore command performs the same diagnostics tests,but returns the unit to service if the tests are passed.

Format of diagnosecommand

The craftshell format command to diagnose a unit is:

dgn:cell a,{bbu b,crc c,ccu d,tfu,pcbr e}


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Output messages

Craftshell output sample Examples of output and explanations of the fields are shown below.

Overview Output messages are formatted system responses to techniciancommands or events in the system.

Output messages syntax Output messages result from a technician request or an event in thesystem (for example, an alarm). Output messages include the followingfields:

• Priority: Alarm (*C = Critical, ** = Major, * = Minor); M =Manual, A = Automatically generated. This field is blank forinformational messages.

• Abbreviated time, message body, date, sequence number

****05 REPT:CELL 145 BBU 1, RFU 1 ALARM SCANNING05 REPT:CELL 145 BBU 1, RFU 1 ALARM SCANNINGSCAN POINT: ALARM GROUP 3, ALARM ID 49SCAN POINT: ALARM GROUP 3, ALARM ID 49ALARM: RFU PCU FAILUREALARM: RFU PCU FAILURESTATE: OFF NORMALSTATE: OFF NORMAL

09/26/00 17:05:35 #00194709/26/00 17:05:35 #001947

40 DGN:CELL 165,BBU 1,CCU 2! IP all specified cells ACT40 DGN:CELL 165,BBU 1,CCU 2! IP all specified cells ACT09/06/00 08:40:42 #00211309/06/00 08:40:42 #002113

M 42 DGN:CELL 165 BBU 1, CCU 2, ATPM 42 DGN:CELL 165 BBU 1, CCU 2, ATP09/06/00 08:41:49 #00211709/06/00 08:41:49 #002117

M 42 OP:CELL 165 BBU 1, CCU 2 GROWTH, MANUAL, RMVDM 42 OP:CELL 165 BBU 1, CCU 2 GROWTH, MANUAL, RMVDPP 1 NO BLOCKING ON PPPP 1 NO BLOCKING ON PP

09/06/00 08:42:16 #00212209/06/00 08:42:16 #002122

M 42 DGN:CELL 165 BBU 1, CCU 2, COMPLETED, ALL TESTS PASSED RPT 1M 42 DGN:CELL 165 BBU 1, CCU 2, COMPLETED, ALL TESTS PASSED RPT 1

Command issued

Date

MessageBody

Sequence Number

Priority

Time

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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Read-Only Printer (ROP)

Sample ROP output A selected portion of the Read-Only Printer (ROP) output is shownbelow. The output is shown as a sample of the messages displayed.

Description The ROP provides a continuous report of system activities. It can beconfigured through the use of a Selectable Cell Site Messaging(SCSM) command to only display data related to the operation of aspecific base station, or data related to a group of base stations.

Appearance The ROP appears as craftshell output.

Report types There are two types of output reports: solicited and spontaneous.Solicited reports are generated in response to the commands entered bythe technician. Spontaneous reports are generated without any inputfrom the technician; they are initiated automatically by system eventsor conditions. An example of a spontaneous report is the reporting of acell site hardware error and corresponding automatic recovery action.

Report access The Hardware Error Handler (HEH) and CP Fail messages are printedat the ROP and may reflect problems not displayed on the SDPs. TheROP printouts should be reviewed at least once a day for CDMA-related messages.

“ropenv” file Lucent Technologies recommends that you use the ropenv file to definethe ROP environment for your site(s).

M 05 RST:CELL 169 BBU 1, COMPLETED, ALL

TESTS PASSED

10/22/96 14:05:20 #084038

* 05 OP:CELL 169, BBU 1, ACTIVE

10/22/01 14:05:20 #084039


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Reference

For more information about the ropenv file, refer to Flexent /AUTOPLEX Wireless Networks Executive Cellular Processor (ECP)Operations and Management Platform (OMP Simplex) InstallationGuide (401-662-002).

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ECP-based interface: Status DisplayPages (SDPs)

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose This section describes the Status Display Pages (SDPs) used to monitorthe base station.

SDPs Used to access and/or view a base station’s operating condition, theSDPs present the user with preprogrammed input (commandstructures) scenarios.

Reference More information on the SDPs can be found in Flexent /AUTOPLEX

Wireless Networks Executive Cellular Processor (ECP) Operation,Administration, and Maintenance Guide (401-610-160).


Video states of SDP display 3 - 32

Status Display Page (SDP) appearance 3 - 33

SDP system architecture 3 - 35


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Video states of SDP display

Samples of video statecolor coding

Common SDP video states and their colors are shown below.

Reference

A complete list of SDP video states is located in Flexent /AUTOPLEX Wireless Networks Executive Cellular Processor (ECP)Operation, Administration, and Maintenance Guide (401-610-160).

Color scheme The color red on an SDP generally indicates an abnormal condition; thecolor green indicates a normal state. Other background colors are usedto signify specific conditions that may or may not require attention.

White on red steady:

Critical,

Major,

or Minor Alarms

Black on green steady:

System normal

or Active

CRITICAL

Black on yellow steady:

Indeterminate

Black on red steady:

Out-of-service

Black on purple steady:

Unavailable

White on red flashing:

Alarm

White on red steady:

Trouble

MAJOR

MINOR

<none>

act

INDT

oosoos

unavunavunav

alarm

trbl

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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Status Display Page (SDP) appearance

Overview SDPs use a consistent display format to provide a user-friendly tool tomonitor the status of a base station.

Sample of SDP display Shown below is a sample of the 2131 SDP that provides base stationequipment status.

Legend:

Information displayed onSDPs

SDPs provide a graphical view of the base station status. Use SDPs todo the following:

• Monitor all major component groups

• Obtain snapshot views of system and alarms.

SDP usefulness SDPs show the technician/operator the inner workings of the CDMAbase station system. The SDPs allow the technician to do the following:

• View system status

A Header areaFirst line - ECP location, generic release, terminal ID, date, time, andtime zoneSecond and third lines - system status

B Command entry line (CMD<) for “poke commands”C Page contents areaD Scrolling system response area/craftshell area


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• Enter commands

• Receive system responses.

The commands entered by the technician/operator offer the ability tocommunicate detailed and specific instructions to any of the basestations serving the ECP. If the ECP receives a fault from any basestation in the network, that fault is graphically indicated using colors toindicate levels of severity. While the fault is in progress, the techniciancan invoke one or more additional SDPs to further isolate the basestation that communicated the fault condition.

For more information on the video states, see Video states of SDPdisplay (3-32).

Modes of interaction Two modes of interaction are available on the SDPs:

• Scripted “poke” commands on the command line

• Calls to the craftshell in the bottom window.

The valid poke commands allowed on a given page are listed in amatrix format. Each row corresponds to the unit that can be “poked”,and the actions that can be performed on that unit.

It is possible to toggle between the command line and craftshellprompt. Actual keystrokes for this operation depend on laptop settings.

System delays As displays are updated at preset intervals, there may be a delaybetween completion of a command and its acknowledgment on theSDP.

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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................SDP system architecture

Overview SDPs graphically represent the hardware and software subsystems ofthe Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station and of the variouscomponents of the MSC.

SDP links diagram SDPs are linked according to a hierarchy as outlined below. This figureshows the links between the more common pages used with the basestation, and the information associations between pages. Thehighlighted pages have screen components unique to the FlexentCDMA Distributed Base Station.

SDPs used with the FlexentCDMA Distributed Base

Station

There are dozens of SDPs that are available at the Maintenance CRT(MCRT) for analyzing equipment. To analyze Flexent CDMADistributed Base Station performance, use the following SDPs:

• 101 - System Index Page

• 2100 - APX Index Page

• 2120 - APX System Status Page

• 2121 - System Equipage Summary Page

• 2130 - Cell Status Summary Page

• 2131 - Cell Equipment Status Page

• 2132 - Cell Software Status Page

CCC Trouble 2139CCU, CE

2139CCU, CE

2138CDMA2138

CDMA2151

TRKGRP Status2151

TRKGRP Status2134DS-1

2134DS-1

2135LC/SU/BC

2135LC/SU/BC

2152TRKGRP

2152TRKGRP

DCS Trouble

Cell Trouble

Packet Pipe Trouble

CCU, CE Trouble

2132CellSoftware

2132CellSoftware

2120APX System Status

2120APX System Status

2150TRKGRP

2150TRKGRP

TRUNK AlarmTRUNK Alarm CELL AlarmCELL Alarm

2130Cell Status Summary

2130Cell Status Summary

2100Index

2100Index

2131Cell Equipment Status

2131Cell Equipment Status

2121System Equipage Summary

2121System Equipage Summary

2154Alarms2154

Alarms

2136AMP/GPS/TFU

2136AMP/GPS/TFU

2137OTU/LMT

2137OTU/LMT


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• 2134 - Cell DS-1 Unit Status Page

• 2136 - Cell TFU/GPS/OM/AMP/RFT Status Page

• 2138 - CDMA Equipment Status Page

• 2139 - Cell CRC CCU Status Page

• 2150 - TRKGRP Summary Page

• 2152 - DCS TRKGRP Status Page

• 2154 - Trunk Group Alarms Page.

Reference

A description of alarm status indicators and poke commands for eachSDP can be found in Flexent /AUTOPLEX Wireless NetworksExecutive Cellular Processor (ECP) Operation, Administration, andMaintenance Guide (401-610-160).

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Application processor Command LineInterface (CLI)

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose This section introduces the application processor Command LineInterface (CLI).

Reference For more information on the first generation AP, refer to Flexent

Application Processor Cluster (APC) Operation, Administration, andMaintenance (OA&M) (401-710-101). For more information on theMM-AP, refer to Flexent Wireless Networks Mobility ManagerApplication Processor Cluster (MM-APC) Operation, Administration,and Maintenance (OA&M) (401-710-201).

For information on how to use the EMS GUI and how to create EMSCLI scripts, refer to the Flexent Element Management System (EMS)User’s Guide (401-710-110).


Access the EMS CLI 3 - 38


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Access the EMS CLI

Element ManagementSystem (EMS) GUI

The preferred way to execute the commands is from the EMS GUI. TheEMS CLI is intended to be used primarily when you want to create ascript that will issue a series of individual commands sequentially whenthe EMS GUI is unavailable; for example, in the event you are using anASCII terminal rather than an X-terminal.

To access the EMS CLIfrom OMP menus

To launch the EMS CLI from OMP menus, perform the followingprocedure.

............................................................................................................................................................................

1 From an OMP X Terminal, launch the AUTOPLEX OMP Technician menu.

............................................................................................................................................................................

2 Select the Flexent Element Management System menu item.

............................................................................................................................................................................

3 Select the EMS Command Line Interface menu item.

Result: An EMS CLI session is invoked in a new console windowand an EMS CLI prompt (and session number) is displayed.

N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................

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To script applicationprocessor OA&M CLI

commands

The EMS CLI and AP CLI allow you to create scripts to execute sets ofindividual commands sequentially. Commands that normally need aconfirmation response during a CLI session (that is, when you issueone CLI command from the UNIX shell) do not require a confirmationin script mode.


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4 Routine maintenance

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose The purpose of this chapter is to provide a description of maintenance,common safety recommendations and equipment, and routinemaintenance practices.


Maintenance overview 4 - 2

Safety recommendations 4 - 6

Maintenance records and equipment 4 - 10

Routine maintenance 4 - 13


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Maintenance overview

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose This section provides an overview of maintenance principles.


Maintenance 4 - 3

Maintenance hierarchy 4 - 5

Routine maintenance


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Maintenance

The maintenance concept Maintenance is defined as the set of tasks that need to be performed forthe continued operation of a base station.

Maintenance tasks must be performed:

• Routinely, to ensure that the base station operates according tospecifications

• Correctively, to respond to a base station malfunction

• On demand, to improve upon the base station operating condition

Reasons for maintenance Maintenance practices are designed to minimize the possibility andeffects of a system failure. For this reason, the maintenance processmust be able to collect information about the cause of a system failure,and to provide the tools necessary to correct the situation.

Maintenance objective The objective of the maintenance process is to maximize systemperformance and availability at the lowest cost possible. Costs can bereduced by limiting initialization, diagnostics, and base station visits.

Types of maintenance Maintenance practices can be routine (preventive), corrective, or on-demand (configuration management).

Routine (or preventive) maintenance

Routine (or preventive) maintenance procedures are used to identifypotential sources of base station failure before they interfere withservice. For example, routine maintenance may locate a failing board ina redundant unit, and enable replacement before service is affected.

Examples of routine maintenance are the cleaning of the base stationand monitoring its performance.

Corrective maintenance

Corrective maintenance procedures are used to detect failing unitswhile the base station is in service.

The procedures to remedy a failing unit, whether it has been diagnosedas part of routine or corrective maintenance, are the same once thecause of failure has been identified.

An example of corrective maintenance is the replacement of failingcircuit boards.


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On-demand maintenance (or configuration management)

On-demand maintenance (or configuration management) consists oftasks that are performed on a base station, even though the base stationstill operates properly. Examples of on-demand maintenance includesoftware updates and the addition of capacity.

For further information on software updates and growth/degrowthprocedures, refer to the Configuration Management section of thisdocument.

Responsibilities Responsibilities for maintenance are shared between the base stationthat reports any malfunction to the RCS, the RCS that analyzes andattempts to correct these malfunctions through software, and thetechnician who performs any required physical intervention.

Logistics issues One way to lower maintenance costs is to optimize maintenancelogistics. Examples of where logistics can be optimized are as follows:

• Balance maintenance workload between the MSC and the basestation

• Pool test equipment.

Technical support Technical difficulties with the product should be directed to technicalsupport at https://wireless.support.lucent.com.

Routine maintenance


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Maintenance hierarchy

Overview Flexent supports a "parent-child" hierarchy. If a parent is removedfrom service, the child unit will be placed in an out-of-service familystate. It is impossible to restore a child when the parent is out of service(OOS).

Hierarchy description The RCS in the application processor is the controller of the basestation. When the RCS is removed, the base station is OOS. The packetpipes, TFU, CRC, CCUs, PCBR, and Tx amplifier are independentMaintenance Units (MUs). The RCS accesses each MU independentlyif the parent is active.

Parent-child relationshipsfor the Flexent CDMA

Distributed Base Station

The parent-child relationships listed below exist for the Flexent CDMADistributed Base Station.

Parent Child

CRC All CCUs in that BBU, all thePCBRs associated with thatBBU, and all TFUs in the basestation (if CRC is the only in-service CRC in the base station)

CCU If two adjacent CCUs are out-of-service, all upstream CCUs willalso be lost

PCBR The Tx amplifier associated withthat PCBR

TFU All CCUs and PCBRs in the basestation; if a spare TFU isavailable in a second BBU, itmust be activated (not anautomatic stand-by)


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Safety recommendations

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose This section provides a description of the recommended saftey policiesthat should be adhered to when maintenance is performed.


Precautionary steps 4 - 7

Laser/Light Emitting Diode (LED) safety guidelines 4 - 8

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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Precautionary steps

Overview Proper electrostatic discharge (ESD) practices must be followedwhenever circuit packs are handled.

Other precautions Whenever cables and connections are handled:

• Avoid sharp bends

• Follow required procedures to handle connections, especiallythose that require the use of torque wrenches.

Live RF cables

DANGERNever disconnect a live RF cable or apply power to an RF unitthat is in a transmit mode.

ESD precautions Follow the ESD procedures listed in Circuit Maintenance Procedures,(401-660-125). That information can also be found in Lucent CD-ROMdocumentation searching for the term “esd.”

When equipment is handled or a technician works in the backplanearea, a grounded antistatic wrist strap must be worn to protect theequipment from ESD. Use the guidelines listed below when circuitpacks are handled.

• Turn off power before a circuit pack is inserted or removed only ifdirections require it

• Carry the circuit pack in its electrostatic bag and other packingmaterials to the replacement site before it is removed from thepackage

• Before a circuit pack is replaced, check the identification code toensure the proper board is used

• Identify and count circuit packs before they are removed fromtheir antistatic packaging material.


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Laser/Light Emitting Diode (LED) safety guidelines

Warning

WARNINGUse of controls, adjustments and procedures other than thosespecified herein may result in hazardous laser radiationexposure.

General Laser/LEDinformation

Some optical fiber telecommunication systems and their associated testsets use semiconductor laser/LED transmitters that emit infrared (IR)light at wavelengths between approximately 800 to 1600 nanometers.The wavelength of the emitted energy is above the red end of thevisible spectrum, i.e., longer wavelengths. Although radiant energy atnear-IR wavelengths is officially designated invisible, some people canthem.

Classification of lasers/LEDs

The Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station contains an IEC 60825-11993 Class 1 LED product. A Class 1 laser/LED is considered to beincapable of causing biological damage to the eye or skin during itsintended use. This LED transceiver has been tested by the manufacturerfor compliance to EN 60825-1 under normal operating conditions andunder single fault conditions where applicable. TUV-Rheinland hasgranted certification to this transceiver for Class 1 LED eye safety andfor use in EN 60950 and EN 60825-2 applications.

Laser/LED safetyprecautions for normal

operating conditions

Under normal operating conditions, the LED in the base station iscompletely enclosed. Nonetheless, the following precautions must beobserved:

• Because of the potential for eye damage, technicians should notstare into optical connectors or broken fibers

• Under no circumstances shall laser/LED fiber optic operations beperformed by a technician before satisfactorily completing anapproved training course.

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Laser/LED safetyprecautions for service,

maintenance andrestoration conditions

During service, maintenance and restoration, an optical fibertelecommunication system is considered unenclosed, and theprecautions listed below must be observed.

• Only authorized, trained personnel should be permitted to performservice, maintenance and restoration

• Avoid exposing the eye to emissions from unterminated, energizedoptical connectors at close distances

• When removing or replacing laser/LED circuit packs, do not stareor look directly into the optical port with optical instruments ormagnifying lenses (normal eyeware or indirect viewinginstruments such as Find-R-Scopes are not considered to bemagnifying lenses or optical instruments)

• Only authorized, trained personnel should be permitted to useoptical test equipment during installation or servicing since thisequipment contains semiconductor lasers (some examples ofoptical test equipment are optical time domain reflectometers,hand-held loss test sets and feature finders)

• Under no circumstances should any personnel scan a fiber with anoptical test set without verifying that all laser/LED sources on thefiber are turned off

• All unauthorized personnel should be excluded from theimmediate area of the base station during installation and service

• Consult ANSI Z136.2, American National Standard for Safe Useof Optical Fiber Communication Systems Utilizing Lase Diodeand LED Sources (for in the U.S.), and IEC-60825 Part 2 (outsidethe U.S.).


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Maintenance records and equipment

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose This section provides information on the records and equipment atechnician will need to complete maintenance.


Required records and equipment 4 - 11

Maintenance equipment 4 - 12

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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Required records and equipment

Requirements To expedite diagnostics, the technician should verify that these itemsare available:

• Configuration records that provide the history of installedcomponents and software

• Maintenance records that provide a history of earlier failures andcorrective actions

• Required maintenance equipment, which includes ESD protection.

Required tools for workingon circuit packs

The tools listed below are recommended when performingmaintenance on circuit packs.

• ESD wrist strap

• Torque device

• BBU door tool (comcode 408-474-823).


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Maintenance equipment

Overview Test equipment required for maintenance is specific to a givencustomer, and may include:

• Radio and control equipment

• Power measurement equipment

• Building and site maintenance equipment.

Radio and controlequipment

Radio and control equipment includes frequency generators andanalyzers (test sets), and calibrated connectors and cables.

Power measurementequipment

Test sets can be used to measure and analyze RF power. In addition,equipment such as multimeters should be available to check theoperation of AC and DC components.

Building and sitemaintenance equipment

To maintain the base station site, it is usually necessary to have toolsand equipment for general maintenance work available at the site.

Equipment maintenancechecks

Test equipment must be maintained to ensure that its outputs aremeaningful.

The components that need to be maintained are cables and probes, andcalibration devices such as attenuators.

Equipment maintenance should be performed in accordance with themanufacturer’s specifications, using up-to-date software.

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Routine maintenance

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose This section describes recommended practices for routine maintenance.

Routine maintenance Routine maintenance includes activities and tests performed on aregular schedule to monitor base station performance.


Maintenance schedule 4 - 14

Maintenance records 4 - 15

Drive testing 4 - 16

Performance measurements 4 - 17

Audits 4 - 18

Automated tests overview 4 - 19

Board Level Self Test (BLST) 4 - 20

Routine diagnostics 4 - 21

RF tests 4 - 25

RF transmit power verification 4 - 28


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Maintenance schedule

Sample maintenanceschedules

Shown below are suggestions for maintenance checks on a base station.

Site maintenance Site maintenance tasks performed outside a base station are oftenoutsourced. These tasks include:

• Visual inspection of antennas, groundings, and other equipment,to identify and remedy potential sources of hazards

• Maintenance of the site, such as snow removal, and trimmingshrubs.

Equipment maintenance Equipment maintenance includes:

• Inspection of frame hardware to verify that it functions properly

• Automatic software diagnostics to identify failing units. Suchdiagnostics are scheduled to minimize impact on service.

Typical Preventive Maintenance Schedule

• Site condition Each visit or 3-month• Frame Each visit or 3-month

– Cabling– Weather seals– Alarm LEDs– Electrical power levels– Ventilation (cooling fins and, if equipped, cooling fans)

• FCC Measurements Every 12 Months

PREVENTIVE CHECK INTERVAL

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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Maintenance records

Need for maintenancerecords

Maintenance records keep a history of maintenance activities.Maintenance records are necessary to document base station operation,and to facilitate the performance of any required corrective actions.

Types of maintenancerecords

Typical records would include:

• Dates of maintenance visits to the base station

• Description of maintenance tasks performed

• Repair and performance logs, such as performance measurements

• Reference documents (such as base station installation andengineering diagrams)

• Up-to-date base station configuration data (for example, softwarerelease).

Guidelines for maintenanceof records

Maintenance records should be kept at the base station for use bymaintenance personnel and for audit purposes.

Maintenance records should be neatly organized in folders, withdrawings and logs kept in an organized format to ensure their long-termavailability.


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Drive testing

Overview Drive testing is performed on a periodic basis to meet regulatoryrequirements and to identify progressive degradation of performance.Drive testing measures and compares wireless signals to originalspecifications.

Drive testing process Drive testing equates to driving a motor vehicle (complete with mobiletransceiver) in a specific area of coverage while attempting to completeor monitor mobile calls. It is a performance analysis activity that maybe used to find service-affecting problems. Drive testing an entirecellular system to find problems is effective in directly assessingsystem performance; however, it is time consuming and expensive.Therefore, system-level drive testing is not normally performed, exceptafter a retune or major configuration change.

Drive testing may be performed with a normal mobile or a test mobile.The test mobile is virtually identical to a normal mobile but hasincorporated an automatic answer and the ability to complete a call tothe base station. The test mobile can also check RF propagationbecause the receiver measures the base station RF off-air.

Trouble isolation For a system fault that involves the base station, it is important todetermine whether the fault is from the DCS, the transmission link, thesite controller, or the RF. The test mobile is an important tool used todifferentiate between these categories.

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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Performance measurements

Overview Performance measurements are unique in that they can be used toidentify cell-site-related faults that may not be detected by the basestation and the RCS, such as call processing coverage problems andhardware units that have partial performance degradation. For example,catastrophic and severe failures will be detected by the base station andthe RCS, but less severe service-affecting failures may escapedetection.

Causes of performancedegradation

The problems listed below can cause reduced radiated power (andtherefore, reduced coverage) without detection:

• Damaged antenna

• Partial lightning damage to antenna/cable

• Damaged feeder

• Damaged, faulty, or waterlogged connectors

• New (since the base station installation) buildings, foliage growth,and other obstructions.

Types There are four types of performance measurements collected by theRCS and reported to the MSC:

• Service measurements

• Plant measurements

• Voice channel selection activity (VCSA) measurements

• Power-level measurements.


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Audits

Overview To detect any discrepancies in the configuration and state of theMaintenance Units (MUs) in the cell, the RCS periodically performsroutine audits of each MU. This is a low-priority task.

Software audits Software audits detect faults on software that is in service. Softwareaudits that are run on a regularly scheduled basis (routine audits) canlead to the detection, isolation, and correction of software data errorsbefore the errors adversely affect system performance. When auditsdetect errors, they recover any lost resources and, if necessary, invokeappropriate system initializations.

Software audit frequency The frequency of routine audits is controlled exclusively by the systemsoftware; there is no scheduling translation associated with audits.Audit test errors are reported to the MSC.

Reference Refer to the Series II Cell Site Audit Manual (401-610-078) for a list ofaudits that apply to Flexent CDMA.

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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Automated tests overview

Automated tests Automated tests for the Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Stationconsist of:

• Board Level Self Tests (BLSTs)

• Routine diagnostics

• RF tests.

Board Level Self Test(BLST)

The Board Level Self Tests (BLSTs), are invoked from software thatresides in boot memory for each of the processing components in thebase station. These tests represent a core set of low-level hardware testsdesigned to verify the basic functionality of a processor module.

Routine diagnostics Routine diagnostics includes tests that are not handled under the initialself-test suite. These tests are conducted through an automated suite oftests that return failure messages.

RF tests RF tests test the functionality of the RF path for the system.


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Board Level Self Test (BLST)

Overview The Board Level Self Test (BLST) represents a portion of the FlexentCDMA Distributed Base Station diagnostic design. This test isexecuted either when a board is powered-up or reset. BLSTs verify asmuch circuit pack functionality as can be accomplished in a stand-alone environment.

General description During a BLST, all the processor LEDs are on. Upon conclusion of aBLST, failures are indicated by red LEDs.

Test results from the BLSTs are available in two ways:

• A real-time display of the results obtained through the execution.Terse information is provided as a character string output to theRMT.

• Test results are also stored and made accessible to the board’smain processor during normal operation.

Boards tested BLSTs automatically test:

• CDMA Radio Controller (CRC)

• CDMA Channel Unit (CCU)

• Timing and Frequency Unit (TFU)

• Pre-distortion CDMA Baseband Radio (PCBR)

• Transmit Amplifier.

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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Routine diagnostics

Overview The base station supports highly flexible testing and diagnostics tools.Routine diagnostic tests are run in groups which address specific areasof a wireless system. Within each test group, individual tests are brokeninto phases that are themselves broken down into segments, whichenables a top-down fault isolation process.

Tools The Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station supports two types ofdiagnostics tools:

• MSC-based tools

• Remoted Maintenance Tool (RMT).

Levels of diagnostic tests There are three levels of diagnostic tests:

• Low level

• BBU

• BBU with diagnostic image.

When to run the tests Routine diagnostic tests are automatically run on a regularly scheduledbasis to verify that the base station hardware units are operational.

Routine diagnostics can also be invoked manually to help isolate faultsas a function of corrective maintenance.

Automated routinediagnostics

Routine diagnostic tests can be initiated automatically from the MSC.The base station performs the requested diagnostic test and returns thetest results to the MSC. These automated tests are run once a day; thetime of day at which these tests are run is specified in the base stationtranslations database on the cmmceqp form.

cmmceqp form

The cmmcepq form contains routine diagnostics (rtdiag) timers.

Manually initiated routinediagnostics

Routine diagnostic tests can also be initiated manually, either from theMSC or the RMT. The base station performs the requested diagnostictest and returns the test results to the MSC or RMT.

ECP-based diagnostics

ECP-based diagnostics use Flexent/AUTOPLEX commands tocommunicate with the MSC. These commands are entered through the


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Routine maintenance

OMP from a laptop computer connected to the base station’s craftinterface port.

Process overview

To manually initiate routine diagnostics, a technician must:

1. Invoke Selectable Cell Site Messaging (SCSM) to enable theoperator to limit the display of ROP messages to only those thatrelate to the base station

2. Launch routine diagnostics to verify that all circuits operateproperly

3. Inhibit SCSMs once the routine diagnostics have been run toreturn the base station monitoring capabilities to their originalstatus.

Command syntax

To manually invoke routine diagnostics through the OMP, use:

exc:cell a,bbu b,rtdiag

Diagnostics that use the RMT

Tests and diagnostics done through the RMT are based on the use of adiagnostic image (DI). The DI is a set of testing and diagnosticinstructions that is downloaded to the appropriate boards and stored intheir respective NVM.

Important! These tests are intrusive in nature, and require thatthe base station equipment be offline.

For information on the performance of testing and diagnostics throughthe RMT, refer to the RMT online help.

How diagnostic tests run Important! Routine diagnostics are service-affecting in that thetests take the CRC out of service for approximately ten minutes.

In response to a routine diagnostics request, the RCS will trigger aconditional restore:

1. First the units to be diagnosed will be removed from service.Additionally, a camp-on procedure will be executed on all activecalls before the base station is taken out of service. (A camp-onprocedure protects active calls from termination for a period oftime.)

2. During the next stage of the conditional restore, the units will bediagnosed

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3. If the units pass the diagnostics, they will be restored to service

Important! When routine diagnostics are executed, the basestation must be in the active state. While the tests are in progress,the base station will not process calls. If calls are in progress whenthe routine diagnostics request is initiated, the request will camp-on for five minutes. If after five minutes the calls are terminated,the request is granted. If not, the request is denied.

System response When the system receives an input command, it acknowledges thecommand with one of the messages listed below.

• IP = Request has been accepted and will be sent to base station.Output messages will follow

• RL = Retry later; system is unavailable

• NG = Base station is not equipped with the unit specified in inputcommand.

Once the diagnostics have been completed, the test results aredisplayed: All Tests Pass (ATP), Conditional ATP (CATP), or Some TestsFailed (STF).

The CATP message is displayed whenever a given module is notavailable to be tested.

Diagnostic test results Diagnostic test results provide the starting point, from which atechnician can identify faults (non-alarm). It should be noted that alarmconditions (such as power, fuse, etc.) can cause diagnostic faults toappear. Therefore, alarm indications should be cleared before attemptsare made to clear diagnostic troubles. In some instances, it may bedifficult to relate an existing alarm condition to a diagnostic faultcondition.

Failed diagnostics When a diagnostics test fails, test displays indicate the point in the testsequence where the test failed, in terms of the phase, segment, and testthat has failed.

Inhibit routine diagnostics There are three methods to inhibit routine diagnostics:

• Translations database - enter “n” in the Routine Diagnostics

Enabled field on screen 1 of the cmmceqp RC/V form

• Craftshell (TI) - enter “inh:cell a,rtdiag”

• SDP - Enter poke command on SDP 2132


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References To enter commands and interpret failure messages, consult Flexent /AUTOPLEX Wireless Networks Cell Site/DCS Input/Output Messages(401-610-107).

For a further description of diagnostic commands for the Flexent/AUTOPLEX system, consult Flexent /AUTOPLEX CellularTelecommunications Systems - System 1000 Cell Site Diagnostic TestDescriptions (401-660-101).

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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................RF tests

Overview The PCBR invokes the MM automatically, in accordance withspecifications set in translations, to run antenna and transmit gain tests.

The RF tests cannot be run manually.

When do the tests run? RF tests run automatically at given intervals set in translations.

Antenna tests The RF transmit (Tx Fl) and receive (Rx0 and Rx1) antenna testsmeasure the signal return loss to the antenna and compare the measuredvalue against a test limit. If the measured return loss is less than the testlimit, an alarm is generated.

Test limit

The test limit is determined when the base station is installed. TheRMT causes the base station to execute an RF antenna test, anddetermines a basline return loss value. This value can be modified intranslations.

Test execution

The RCS sends a trigger message at regular intervals (set intranslations) to the CRC, which tells the PCBR to execute a test.

Error handling

If the PCBR detects an antenna failure, an autonomous alarm messageis generated.

Configurations and antenna tests

The table below provides information on which antenna tests will runfor a given base station configuration.

Antenna sharingmode

Filter type Tx Fl test Rx0 test Rx1 test

0 (no sharing) 1 (simplex) Yes Yes Yes

0 (no sharing) 2 (duplex) Yes No Yes

1 (sharing Div1 only) 2 (duplex) Yes No No

2 (sharing with non-Lucent equipment

either No No No


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Tx gain test The RF Tx gain test checks the power measurements at the base station.

Test implementation

The MM feeds transmit power measurements to the PCBR. The PCBRcompares those values against the digital gain values that it uses to setits RF output. The PCBR adjusts its internal attenuator (output power)to attempt to correct discrepancies between the two values.

Error handling

An alarm is generated if the PCBR can no longer adjust its attenuatorenough for the detected cell output power drift.

Test results The status of the tests (for example, pass/fail) may be reported by the:

• Read-Only Printer (ROP)

• Status Display Page (SDP) 2136.

Important! Components in the RFU should not be re-calibratedin the field. If any modifications are needed to the unit, the entireRFU should be replaced and sent to the factory to be serviced.

ROP output

Failed RF tests are displayed on the ROP in the following format.

REPT:CELL a,BBU b, RF TEST FAILED

RX0 ANTENNA

SEC CARR ADJ(Db) RX0 BPL RX0 LOSS(db) EXP(dB) OFFSET(dB)

c b d e f g h

c b d e f g h

c b d e f g h

RX1 ANTENNA


c b d e f g h

c b d e f g h

c b d e f g h

TX ANTENNA


c b d e f g h

c b d e f g h

c b d e f g h

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a = cell site number (1-384)

b = BBU or carrier number (1-2)

c = sector number (1-3)

d = adjustment value (-6dB to +6 dB, set on bbueqp form)

e = receive antenna 0 backplane limit (dB)

f = receive antenna 0 loss (dB)

g = expansion (EXP) value (dB, equal to sum of d and e)

h = offset value (dB, equal to difference of f and g)

Important! This report is only generated if any of the RF testsfail; it is not generated if all RF tests pass. Data for the receiveantenna is only reported if the Rx antenna test fails. Data for thetransmit antenna is only reported if the Tx antenna test fails.

SDP 2136

RF tests are visible on SDP 2136, under Tx Pw (Tx gain test), Tx Fl(Tx antenna test), Rx0 (receive 0 antenna test), and Rx1 (receive 1antenna test). Normal status (tests passed) is reported as “norm” andfailed tests are reported as “fail.”

Responding to failed tests If RF test failures are generated, run diagnostics on the PCBR(dgn:cell a,bbu b,pcbr) and check the antennas.

Inhibit RF tests To inhibit RF tests, enter “n” in the Tx Antenna Test, Rx Antenna Test, and TX Gain Test fields on screen 2 of the cmmceqp form.

Test intervals Test intervals can be set for the antenna tests in the Tx Antenna Test

Interval and Receive Antenna Test Interval fields on screen 2 ofthe cmmceqp form. Intervals may be set from 10 minutes to 1440minutes (one day). The technician cannot set a test interval for the Txgain test.


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................RF transmit power verification

Factory calibration and RFtests

Each RFU is calibrated in the factory, prior to installation. The RFtransmit gain is maintained by the closed-loop transmit gain control incombination with the MM. For more information on the RF testsperformed by the MM, refer to RF tests (4-25).

Power measurements fromthe RFU

If desired for verification or routine maintenance purposes, the RFoutput power can be measured. The measurement can be taken when aconstant power signal is generated. It can be measured at the transmitantenna port or at the RF test port of the RFU using a power meter.

Reference to procedure A detailed procedure for setting up a constant power signal using CFRis described in the CDMA RF Translation Application Note #1-Fversion 3.2 or later.


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5 Corrective maintenance

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose The purpose of this chapter is to provide an introduction to theprinciples and tools used to perform corrective maintenance.


Fault detection 5-2

Alarms 5-7

Fault isolation - diagnostic tests 5-30


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Fault detection

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose This section provides a description of corrective maintenance and theHardware Error Handling (HEH) strategy used by the base station.


Principles of corrective maintenance 5-3

Hardware Error Handling (HEH) strategy 5-5



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Principles of corrective maintenance

Corrective maintenance Corrective maintenance is event driven. Corrective maintenance isusually triggered by an alarm, or by visual observation of physicaldamage to the base station or the cell site.

Levels of maintenance Corrective maintenance can be undertaken from three different levels.

Mobile Switching Center (MSC) level

MSC-level corrective maintenance covers maintenance actions that donot require technician intervention at the base station. These actions aresoftware-initiated, such as the use of a restore command to reset thebase station after an outage.

Base station level

This type of maintenance requires physical intervention at the cell site.Base station-level maintenance usually involves the replacement of abase station component.

Advanced

This level of maintenance corresponds to situations where correctiveactions require expert assistance. An example of such a situation wouldbe the replacement of components destroyed by lightning.

Sources of errors Sources of errors that will require corrective action are as follows.

• Hardware errors due to, for example, a faulty microprocessor or asynthesizer out of lock. These errors are detected by on-board selftests and monitoring.

• Software errors due to, for example, loss of program control

• Voice channel errors, such as access/failure rates

• Mobile errors due to, for example, poor transmission conditions

• Software detection of audit errors.

Cell site housekeepingsoftware

Cell site fault detection is performed by cell site housekeepingsoftware. Faults such as transmitter failure, power and entry alarms,and speech path conditions are constantly monitored and areautomatically reported to the MSC. In most cases, fault detection,diagnosis, and recovery are automatic.


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Fault detection andcorrective actions

Most faults trigger an alarm that is displayed on the SDP, and may beconfirmed on circuit pack LEDs.

Faults are usually corrected by:

• Restore action (automated or manual)

• Component replacement.



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Hardware Error Handling (HEH) strategy

Hardware errors All errors are analyzed by the Hardware Error Handler (HEH) at theRCS.

Depending upon the severity of the error, HEH either takes immediaterecovery action through the Maintenance Request Administrator, waitsuntil the error has occurred a predefined number of times before takingaction, or only prints an error report.

HEH performs the types of error analysis listed below.

• Immediate action

• All Tests Pass (ATP) analysis

• Single time-period analysis

• Fail/pass analysis

• Leaky bucket analysis.

Immediate action For severe errors that are service-affecting, such as loss ofcommunication between the RCS and the base station, HEH takesimmediate action. For on-board hardware errors, HEH will request aconditional or unconditional restore of the suspect unit.

The conditional restore maintenance action schedules an event orprocess to restore the suspect unit after the unit passes a diagnostic test.If the unit fails the diagnostic test, the conditional restore aborts. Thefailed unit remains in the out-of-service state.

All Tests Pass (ATP)analysis

For an HEH-initiated conditional restore request, if the unit passes alldiagnostic tests, the unit is restored to service and HEH adds a count toan ATP counter for the unit. If that count exceeds an assigned thresholdwithin a predefined time period (typically three in 40 minutes or five in24 hours), HEH will request an unconditional remove of the unit (thediagnostic tests for the unit may not be robust enough to detect theproblem, or the problem is external to the unit). This type of erroranalysis prevents a recovery cycle that might otherwise continueindefinitely.

Single time-period analysis This type of analysis refers to the use of error counters assigned to eachhardware unit. If an error count for a unit remains below a predefinedthreshold for a specific period of time, HEH clears the counter. Thistype of error analysis is based on the theory that if a unit has remained


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reliable for an extended period of time, its error history should bedisregarded.

Fail/pass analysis HEH performs this type of error analysis on call processing detectederrors such as voice channel confirmation failures. When the number offailures exceeds some predefined value relative to the number ofsuccessful attempts (such as 2400 failures in 4000 attempts), HEHtakes recovery action.

Leaky bucket analysis This analysis refers to the decrements of non-zero error counters for theconfigurable hardware units. The decrements are done at set timeintervals. This technique is more flexible than a simple analysis basedon the number of errors in a single fixed period of time. The countincrements each time the error being tracked occurs on the circuitinvolved. If a specified number of errors have accumulated in a specificamount of time, the circuit is usually taken out of service. If the errorhas not occurred in a given amount of time, the count decrements. If thecount reaches zero, the error block is released.

Reference For more information on HEH messages, refer to Flexent /AUTOPLEX Wireless Networks Executive Cellular Processor (ECP)Operation, Administration, and Maintenance (401-610-160).



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Alarms

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose This section describes the alarms associated with the Flexent CDMADistributed Base Station.


Base station alarm description 5-8

BBU power alarms 5-10

TFU and OM alarms 5-11

CRC alarms 5-12

CCU alarms 5-13

IOC alarms 5-14

FOM alarms 5-15

Intrusion alarm 5-16

RFU PCU alarms 5-18

PCBR alarms 5-19

Measurement Module (MM) alarms 5-20

Transmit amplifier alarms 5-21

Frame alarms 5-22

User alarms 5-25

Alarm testing 5-27


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Base station alarm description

Alarm roles Alarms are often the first indication of cell site trouble, and indicate:

• Hardware failures

• User-defined conditions.

Alarm indications can be supplemented by other signs of failures, suchas error messages from the automated tests described in Chapter 4.

Alarm indications The majority of alarm conditions reported to the MSC can be visuallyidentified at the cell site by observing equipment alarm indicators.Some alarm indications are latched (that is, they remain until they arereported). Non-latched alarms may or may not remain long enough tobe read and reported.

Alarm severity Alarms are also classified by level of severity/priority of requiredaction:

1. Critical: indicates events that cause an interruption of customerservice or possible damage to equipment

2. Major: indicates events that cause critical degradation of customerservice and require immediate action

3. Minor: indicates a failure of marginal degradation of customerservice (for example, degradation of voice quality, but not somuch as to bring voice quality out of design specifications), or acondition that requires maintenance action but its consequencesare not of a global or immediate nature

4. Warning: indicates a failure that causes no noticeable degradationof customer service, and typically does not require immediateaction.

Alarm reporting Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station alarms are reported to theRCS. In addition, some alarms activate an LED display on theappropriate equipment.

The CRC collects alarms from three sources in the base station. ThePCBR is the collection source for all RFU alarms, the FOM is thecollection source for BBU frame alarms, and the TFU is the collectionsource for user alarms.

Alarm scanning The scanned alarms can be classified as follows:

• Transmit and receive amplifier alarms



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• Frame alarms

• User alarms.

Alarm visibility Alarms are indicated in the following ways:

• Failed routine diagnostics or RF tests (refer to “Routinediagnostics” and “RF tests” in Chapter 4 for more information onthese tests)

• Failed diagnostics

• Alarm indicators and poke commands on SDPs, represented bycolor changes or flashes; the SDPs may also indicate the state(critical, major, or minor) of the alarm

• Greater details on the specific nature of the alarm can be found onthe ROP and craftshell interfaces

• Visible indicator lights, Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), on thecomponents in the BBU, that change color to reflect an alarmcondition.

Reference

For information on the SDPs, refer to Flexent /AUTOPLEX WirelessNetworks Executive Cellular Processor (ECP) Operation,Administration, and Maintenance Guide (401-610-160).

For information on the output messages used in the ROP, refer toFlexent /AUTOPLEX Wireless Networks Cell Site/DCS Input/OutputMessages (401-610-107) and AUTOPLEX® CellularTelecommunications Systems/System 1000 Input Messages Manual(401-610-055) /Output Messages Manual (401-610-057).


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................BBU power alarms

Overview The BBU power units generate five alarms. All of the alarms areconnected to the FOM, which provides them to the CRC.

BBU power alarms The frame alarms listed below are generated for the BBU power units.

BBU power LEDs The two LED indicators listed below are available on each BBU powerunit module.

Alarm Module (AC-DCor DC-DC)

AC-DC Failure AC-DC

AC-DC Overtemp AC-DC

Battery Disconnect (Optional) AC-DC

AC Low (Battery On) AC-DC

DC-DC Failure DC-DC

Module Label/color Condition

AC-DC Alarm (red) Failure

Output (green) Operational

DC-DC Alarm (red) Failure

Output (green) Operational



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................TFU and OM alarms

Overview The TFU sends TFU and OM hardware errors and user alarms to theCRC.

TFU hardware errors The TFU generates hardware errors on the peripheral bus due to theseconditions:

• GPS satellites cannot be traced

• Satellite lock has been lost and flywheeling is in process

• GPS receiver failure.

TFU LEDs The LED indicators listed below are available for each TFU.

Label/color Condition

FAIL (red) TFU failure

NVM (yellow) Context-sesitive event in progress (forexample, NVM download)

ACT (green) TFU enabled for generating clock signals,and the OM and GPS are functional

OM FAIL (red) OM failure

FLY EX (red) TFU has exceeded the maximum flywheeltime

LOCK GPS (green) GPS unit is locked to the GPS satellite signal


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................CRC alarms

Overview The CRC receives BBU frame alarms from the FOM, and receives allRFU alarms and errors. User alarms are received from the TFU.

CRC LEDs The seven LED indicators listed below are available for the CRC.


FAIL (red) Board failure

NVM (yellow) NVM update in progress

ACT (green) CRC operational

P-LOS (red)

S-LOS (red)

Loss of signal, one for each T1/E1 line

P-OOF (red)

S-OOF (red)

Loss of frame alignment, one for each T1/E1 line

P-AIS (red)

S-AIS (red)

Receiving alarm indication signal, one for eachT1/E1 line

P-EER (red)

S-EER (red)

Excessive error rate, one for each T1/E1 line



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................CCU alarms

Overview The CCU has three front panel LEDs.

CCU LEDs The LEDs for the CCU indicate these conditions.

Condition/color Condition

FAIL (red) The CCU has failed diagnostics, one or moreCEs have failed to initialize, or anothercomponent has failed to initialize


ACT (green) The CCU is functioning properly and at leastone CE is enabled


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................IOC alarms

Overview The IOC displays RFU transmit status, and has switches to control theconnections to the RFUs.

IOC LEDs The IOC has three LEDs (Tx3, Tx2, Tx1) that indicate the transmitstatus from the RFUs associated with the BBU. Under normaloperating conditions, these LEDs are green.

A red LED may indicate one or more of the following conditions:

• Call processing is inhibited

• Tx toggle switch on the IOC is in the down (off) position

• Fibers are disconnected

• Link failure.



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................FOM alarms

Overview The FOM generates four alarms for each of the three BBU-RFU fiberlinks. These alarms are reported to the CRC.

FOM alarms The alarms listed below are generated for each of the three BBU-RFUfiber links.

One LED is available on the FOM to indicate these conditions.

Alarm Condition

Optical detect failure This alarm is asserted when a port fails to detect lightfrom the remote end. When asserted, the alarmindicates that the optical detector has failed, that thefiber in the receive direction has failed, or that theoptical transmitter in the remote end has failed.

Unable to acquire framingfailure

This alarm is asserted when the layer link controller isnot framed and involved in a valid layer exchangewith the remote end. The alarm can indicate that theremote end is not properly started, or that there is afailure in the higher level functions of the link layerprocessing of the remote end.

Frame parity error This alarm is asserted when the link encounters biterrors. The alarm can indicate that a link is affected bydirt in the connectors, weak, or contains failing fiberor optical devices.

Unable to detect loopback datastream

This alarm is asserted when there is a break in the linkloop.


RD-FAIL (red) The FOM has failed.

GRN-ACT (green) The FOM is functional.


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Intrusion alarm

Overview An intrusion alarm is generated when the door of a BBU is opened.

Intrusion alarm The intrusion alarm is carried from the FOM to the CRC.



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................RFU LEDs

Overview The RFU displays five LEDs inside the junction box.

RFU LEDs The LEDs for the RFU indicate these conditions.

Important! For a properly functioning RFU, two LEDs (the Txand ACT LEDs) are green.


FAIL (red) RFU failure

Tx (green) Tx active

DVP (red) Failure

ACT (green) Active



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................RFU PCU alarms

Overview The RFU PCU generates five PCU alarms and one optional fan alarm.

RFU PCU alarms The frame alarms listed below are generated from the RFU PCU.

RFU fan alarm An optional fan is available for each RFU. The failure alarm for eachfan is connected through the PCU module to the PCBR. The alarm issent to the CRC as a frame alarm over the peripheral bus. If fans areinstalled, they will be in all RFUs for that base station. If fans are notinstalled, the CRC filters the fan alarm and does not send it to the RCS.

Alarm Polarity

PCU Failure Active Low

PCU Overtemp Active Low

High Battery Active Low

Low Battery Active Low

Fan Failure (Optional) Active Low

AC Low (Battery on) Active Low



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................PCBR alarms

Overview The PCBR is the collection source for all RFU alarms.

PCBR hardware errors The PCBR generates the hardware errors listed below on the peripheralbus:

• PCBR RF test errors

• PCBR over-temperature

• FOI failure.

LNA functionality Important! There are no hardware alarms generated by theLNA.

Since the LNAs for both receive diversity paths are located inside ofthe PCBR, the LNA is not considered a maintenance unit, and willtherefore not generate hardware alarms.


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Measurement Module (MM) alarms

Overview The Measurement Module (MM) generates two hardware errors. Thesealarms are read by the PRIM, and then passed to the CRC.

MM hardware errors The MM generates these hardware errors.

HW error Description Effects

Synth1 Fail Failure of pre-distortionsynthesizer

The failure of this synthesizerwill affect the pre-distortionalgorithm performance, Txpower test, and Tx antenna test.

Synth2 Fail Failure of Rx Test Synthesizer If this synthesizer fails, the Rx1antenna test cannot beperformed. Also, the Rx antennatest cannot be performed on theRx0 simplex antenna forconfigurations with simplexreceive filters.



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Transmit amplifier alarms

Overview Transmit amplifier alarms indicate a failure condition in the transmitamplifier that impacts call transmission capability. System softwarewill automatically block calls to the particular RF path if a criticalalarm is received from the transmit amplifier.

Tx amplifier alarms The alarms listed below are generated for the amplifier.

Alarm Condition

RF overdrive This alarm is asserted when the RF output power of theamplifier is too high. The amplifier will reduce its gain toprotect itself, but will continue to transmit. When the RFsignal re-enters the normal range, the alarm will clear and theamplifier will operate with normal gain.

Internal voltage out ofrange

This alarm is asserted when one of the DC supply voltagesprovided to the amplifier is out of operating range. Theamplifier will shut itself down under this condition, andtechnician intervention will be needed to restore the unit toservice.

DC current out of range This alarm is asserted when one or more of the internalamplification stages draws too much or too little power. Theamplifier will shut itself down under this condition, andtechnician intervention will be needed to restore the unit toservice.

Over temperature This alarm is asserted when one or more of the internalsensors in the amplifier indicates an over-temperaturecondition. The amplifier will shut itself down under thiscondition, and will return to service once it has cooled off towithin normal operating temperatures.

Circuit failure This alarm is asserted when the amplifier detects a failure inone of its internal circuits. The amplifier will shut itself downunder this condition, and technician intervention will beneeded to restore the unit to service.


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Frame alarms

Overview Frame alarms indicate irregularities in the environmental condition atthe base station. These could include temperature and intrusion alarms.

Frame alarm table The frame alarms listed below are generated for the Flexent CDMADistributed Base Station.

FrameAlarm #

Meaning RFUNumber

BBUNumber

1 BBU1 AC-DC Failure 1

2 BBU1 AC-DC Overtemp

3 BBU1 AC-DC Battery Disconnect(Optional equipment)

4 BBU1 AC-DC Low Input

5 BBU1 DC-DC Fail

6-7 Spare

8 BBU1 Cabinet Intrusion

9 BBU1 Fan/Heater Fail (Optionalequipment)

10-21 BBU1 FOM Alarms

22 BBU2 AC-DC Failure 2

23 BBU2 AC-DC Overtemp

24 BBU2 AC-DC Battery Disconnect(Optional equipment)

25 BBU2 AC-DC Low Input

26 BBU2 DC-DC Fail

27-28 Spare

29 BBU2 Cabinet Intrusion

30 BBU2 Fan/Heater Fail (Optionalequipment)

31-42 BBU2 FOM Alarms



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43-63 Reserved for BBU3 3

64 RFU PCU failure 1

65 RFU PCU Overtemp

66 RFU PCU High Battery

67 RFU PCU Low Battery

68 RFU PCU Battery ON

69 Fan Failure (Optional equipment)


71 RFU PCU Overtemp






77 RFU PCU Overtemp






83 RFU PCU Overtemp





FrameAlarm #

Meaning RFUNumber

BBUNumber


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89 RFU PCU Overtemp






95 RFU PCU Overtemp





100-105 Reserved for RFU 7 7



FrameAlarm #

Meaning RFUNumber

BBUNumber



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................User alarms

Overview User alarms are provided for use by the service provider to report basestation alarms that are not triggered by the base station itself. Amaximum of twelve user alarms can be connected to the FlexentCDMA Distributed Base Station.

User alarm parameters User alarm parameters are defined in the cmmceqp RC/V form.

Alarm description User alarm points are external to the base station and their lines aresurge-protected. Since they connect to external equipment, the useralarms are electrically isolated from the TFU circuitry. An alarmconsists of two-lead current loops, whose state of open or closedindicates an alarm condition. Service providers can specify which stateindicates an alarm when they define the User Alarm Parameters in thecmmceqp form.

Alarm connections User alarms are routed into the BBU through the I/O module, and aresurge-protected on entrance. All user alarms are collected by the TFU.In configurations with an additional TFU, the user alarms can beconnected to BBU1 and BBU2 in parallel.


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User alarm table The table below shows the user alarms available for the Flexent CDMADistributed Base Station.

* If user alarms are not connected to the second TFU in BBU2, thatTFU will report a value of 0x00 since there are no connections to thesepins.

UserAlarm ID

Connected to TFUSignal Name*

Polarity

0 USER0 Polarity is defined by theservice provider through theRC/V translations. The TFUreports a value of 0x00 foropen and 0x01 for closed.

1 USER1

2 USER2

3 USER3

4 USER4

5 USER5

6 USER6

7 USER7

8 USER8

9 USER9

10 USER10

11 USER11



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Alarm testing

Overview Alarm testing is used to verify that alarms are being reported to theswitch.

Alarm scanning detects and reports alarm messages to the switch.When installed, the use of the Selectable Cell Site Messaging (SCSM)feature allows the technician to re-route the message related to aspecific base station to its terminal.

Procedure summary Before the intrusion and user alarms are tested, invoke the SCSMfeature:

1. Check that SCSM is available

2. Clear registers and report alarms that are currently invoked

3. Produce list of base stations for which the SCSM feature routesmessages to a specific terminal.

Check the intrusion and user alarms:

1. Open the door of the BBU undergoing tests

2. Close and securely latch the door. Clear intrusion alarm

3. Test the user alarms.

Invoke SCSM feature Invoke the SCSM feature before the intrusion and user alarms aretested.

............................................................................................................................................................................

1 Before the alarms are tested, verify that SCSM is available.

alw:cell a,scsm

a = RCS number (1-384)

Result: OK (Feature is available and activated for the specifiedbase station)

or

FEATURE NOT ACTIVE (SCSM not activated in feature activationfile)

............................................................................................................................................................................

2 Next, clear registers and report alarms that are currently invoked.

init:cell a:spp as


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Important! An alarm will report only when its state (OFF NORMAL or NORMAL) changes.

Result: OK (When no alarms are present)

............................................................................................................................................................................

3 Produce a list of base stations for which the SCSM feature routesmessages to a specific terminal.

op:cell,scsm

Important! If ROP messages are not being routed to theterminal on which they were ‘allowed’, re-enter the alw:cell a, scsm command.

Result: A list of base stations is generated.

N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................

Test intrusion and useralarms

Test the intrusion and user alarms.

............................................................................................................................................................................

1 To test the intrusion alarm, unlatch the door latches and open the BBUdoor.

Result: REPT:CELL a BBU b ALARM SCANNING

SCAN POINT: ALARM GROUP 3, ALARM ID 6

ALARM: CELL DOOR OPEN

STATE: OFF NORMAL

............................................................................................................................................................................

2 To clear the intrusion alarm, close and securely latch the BBU door.

Result: REPT:CELL a BBU b ALARM SCANNING

SCAN POINT:ALARM GROUP 3, ALARM ID 6

ALARM: CELL DOOR OPEN

STATE: NORMAL



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............................................................................................................................................................................

3 To test User Alarm 1, set the DIP switch 1 to ON position and place theground pin on User Alarm 1.

Result: REPT:CELL a ALARM SCANNING


ALARM: USER ALARM 1

STATE: OFF NORMAL

............................................................................................................................................................................

4 To clear User Alarm 1, set the DIP switch 1 back to OFF position andremove the ground from User Alarm 1.



ALARM: USER ALARM 1

STATE: NORMAL

............................................................................................................................................................................

5 To test the User Alarms that remain, repeat Steps 3 and 4 for UserAlarms 2 - 12.


SCAN POINT: ALARM GROUP 2, ALARM ID (2- 12)

ALARM: USER ALARM (2 – 12)

STATE: NORMAL

N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................


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Fault isolation - diagnostic tests

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose This section provides a description of diagnostic tests.


Fault isolation principles 5-31

Component diagnostics 5-33



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Fault isolation principles

What is fault isolation? Fault isolation covers activities designed to:

• Identify the source of trouble

• Correct the failure condition.

Corrective action may require hardware component replacement.

Fault isolation steps Fault isolation steps begin with an analysis of symptoms, followed bytrouble isolation going down the data path. The next step involves theidentification of the point of failure, and uses techniques such as themeasurement of the output signal down the data path. The last activityinvolves corrective action, such as the restoration and/or replacementof a faulty component.

Most fault isolation follows these guidelines:

1. Analysis of symptoms

2. Trouble isolation

• Follow data path

3. Identify point of failure

• Manual trouble locating procedures

• Measure output signal down the data path

4. Corrective action (for example, restore, replace faulty component,etc.).

Fault isolation triggers Fault isolation should be undertaken when:

• Failure conditions are indicated in ROP output

• Failure conditions are indicated on SDPs

• Customers issue complaints

• There is a degradation in system performance.

Diagnostics tests Diagnostic tests can be run from the RMT or MSC, and serve to isolatesystem faults.

Routine diagnostics

Routine diagnostic tests can be initiated by a technician to rundiagnostics on the entire base station. For more information on routinediagnostics, refer to “Routine diagnostics” in Chapter 4.


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Component diagnostics

Once the source of error has been narrowed down, a technician can rundiagnostics specific to a single component.



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Component diagnostics

Overview The procedures described below can be used to diagnose specificcomponents of the base station.

Procedure summary Use the general procedure to diagnose a component.

............................................................................................................................................................................

1 Remove the unit undergoing diagnostics from service.

............................................................................................................................................................................

2 Diagnose the unit, take corrective action (if necessary), and restore theunit to service.

Important! The conditional restore command (rst:)automatically runs diagnostics on a component before thecomponent is restored to service. The restore will abort if thecomponent fails diagnostics. Alternatively, the diagnosticscommand (dgn:) can be used to run diagnostics, and, once all testshave passed, the unconditional restore command (rst:xxx;ucl)can be used to restore the component to service.

Reference: If diagnostics fail [a Some Tests Failed (STF) responseis generated or a component is not restored to service], and acomponent must be replaced, refer to Chapter 6.

N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................

CRC diagnostics To diagnose the CRC:

............................................................................................................................................................................

1 Unconditionally remove the CRC from service.

rmv:cell a,bbu b, crc;ucl

a = RCS number (1 – 384)

b = BBU number (1-2)

Result: RMV:CELL a BBU b CRC, COMPLETED

............................................................................................................................................................................

2 Use a conditional restore to diagnose and restore the CRC.


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rst:cell a,bbu b,crc

Important! If diagnostics fail, the component will not berestored to service.

Result: If diagnostics pass, the ROP will display:

RST:CELL a BBU b CRC, ATP

RST:CELL a BBU b CRC, COMPLETED, ALL TESTS PASSED

N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................

CCU diagnostics To diagnose CCUs:

............................................................................................................................................................................

1 Unconditionally remove the CCU to be diagnosed from service.

rmv:cell a,bbu b, ccu c;ucl



c = CCU number (1-6)

Result: RMV:CELL a BBU b CCU c COMPLETED

............................................................................................................................................................................

2 Use a conditional restore to diagnose and restore CCU c.

rst:cell a,bbu b, ccu x



RST:CELL a BBU b CCU c, ATP

RST:CELL a BBU b CCU c, COMPLETED, ALL TESTS PASSED

............................................................................................................................................................................

3 Repeat the above procedure for each CCU.

N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................



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TFU diagnostics To diagnose the TFU:

............................................................................................................................................................................

1 Unconditionally remove the TFU from service.

rmv:cell a,bbu b,tfu;ucl



Result: RMV:CELL a BBU b TFU, COMPLETED

............................................................................................................................................................................

2 Use a conditional restore to diagnose and restore the TFU.

rst:cell a, bbu b,tfu



RST:CELL a BBU b TFU, ATP

RST:CELL a BBU b TFU, COMPLETED, ALL TESTS PASSED

N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................

PCBR diagnostics To diagnose the PCBR:

............................................................................................................................................................................

1 Unconditionally remove the PCBR from service.

rmv:cell a,bbu b,pcbr c;ucl



c = PCBR number (1-3)

Result: RMV:CELL a BBU b, PCBR c, COMPLETED

............................................................................................................................................................................

2 Use a conditional restore to diagnose and restore the PCBR.

rst:cell a,bbu b, pcbr c


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RST: CELL a BBU b PCBR c, ATP

RST: CELL a BBU b PCBR c, COMPLETED, ALL TESTS PASSED

N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................


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6 Replace components and repair abase station

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose The purpose of this chapter is to enable the field replacement of failingcomponents and/or the performance of on-site repairs. Given themodularity of the Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station, repairswill essentially be accomplished through replacement of the faultycomponent.

Fault isolation Refer to “Base station alarm description” in Chapter 5 for informationon isolating a faulty component.

Replacement process The replacement/repair process follows the identification of a failedField Replaceable Unit (FRU).

Depending on the FRU, the process may be a simple swap of the unit,and/or require that base station operating parameters be reset and/orrecalibrated.

Safety precautions Refer to Chapter 4, “Before you begin maintenance,” for safetyprocedures and equipment required to replace components.


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Replace components and repair a base station

General directions The rules listed below should be respected:

• Follow Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) protection procedures.

• Use only recommended tools, especially when using a torquewrench.

• Do not mishandle cables and connections.

Important! Only the components in the BBU can be replaced.The entire RFU is treated as an FRU. Procedures for fault isolationfor an RFU are found in “RFU troubleshooting (6-18).”

Required tools The tools listed below are recommended for replacement ofcomponents.

• ESD wrist strap

• Torque device

• BBU door tool (comcode 408-474-823).

Process outline The process to replace a failed unit is as follows:

1. Verify that the component is out of service

2. If required, change the base station configuration

3. Replace component

To remove a component, untorque the screws; then lift the latch,and slide the component out of its slot in the BBU.

To insert a component, slide the component into its slot in theBBU, and then close the latch and torque to 6 in-lbs.

4. Return to service

5. Test, and if necessary, calibrate.


BBU troubleshooting 6 - 3

RFU troubleshooting 6 - 18



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BBU troubleshooting

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose The purpose of this section is to describe troubleshooting andreplacement of the BBU components.


Power cycle the BBU 6 - 4

Reseat/replace the FOM 6 - 5

Reseat/replace the CRC 6 - 7

Replace the AC-DC or DC-DC power units 6 - 9

Replace the TFU 6 - 11

Replace a CCU 6 - 13

Replace the IOC and OM 6 - 16


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Power cycle the BBU

When to power cycle theBBU

Power cycle the BBU if you suspect that a BBU component is stuck ina particular state.

Important! This procedure is service-affecting.

Fiberoptic cable safety Follow the appropriate safety precautions to handle the fiberopticcables.

Reference

For safety precautions and required equipment, refer to “Before youbegin maintenance” in Chapter 4.

Power cycle the BBU Use the steps below to power cycle the BBU.

Important! For BBUs featuring DC backup, both the AC-DCand DC-DC units must be disconnected prior to power cycling.

............................................................................................................................................................................

1 Power down all RFUs.

............................................................................................................................................................................

2 Power cycle the BBU.

............................................................................................................................................................................

3 Power up all RFUs.

............................................................................................................................................................................

4 Check to see if the failure is still present.

Result: If the failure is no longer present, continue testing from theoriginal test failure.

If the failure is still present, replace the suspected component orcontact technical support at https://wireless.support.lucent.com.Use the “Ask Lucent” feature as the first point of contact; if theissue is unresolved, call technical support at 1-866-Lucent8.

N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Reseat/replace the FOM

When to reseat or replacethe FOM

If a problem does not follow the RFU hardware or the fiberoptic cable,first try to reseat the FOM.

If a problem can be isolated to the port of the FOM, and reseating theoriginal FOM did not solve the problem, replace the FOM.


Reference


Reseat/replace the FOM Use the steps below if you need to replace the FOM.

............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................

2 Power down the BBU.

............................................................................................................................................................................

3 Loosen the screws and remove the front panel of the BBU.

............................................................................................................................................................................

4 Disconnect all of the fiberoptic cables from the FOM.

Important! Note the ports from which each cable is removed.

............................................................................................................................................................................

5 Loosen the screws holding the circuit pack in its slot.

............................................................................................................................................................................

6 Lift the latch and slide the circuit pack out of the BBU.


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............................................................................................................................................................................

7

............................................................................................................................................................................

8 Torque the screws for the circuit pack to 6 in-lbs.

............................................................................................................................................................................

9 Connect the fiberoptic cables to the FOM.

............................................................................................................................................................................

10 Power up the BBU. Wait for the active CRC, TFU, and FOM LEDs toturn green.

............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................

12 Replace the front panel of the BBU. Secure the screws so that they arefinger-tight: secured, but not stripped.

............................................................................................................................................................................

13 Check to see if the original failure still exists.

Result: If the failure is no longer present, continue testing from theoriginal test failure.

If the failure is still present, follow the steps to “Power cycle theBBU (6-4).”

N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................

If Then

reseating the circuit pack, slide the same FOM back into the slotand close the latch

replacing the circuit pack, slide the replacement circuit pack intothe slot and close the latch



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Reseat/replace the CRC

When to reseat/replace theCRC

If all RFUs are failing and the FOM is not suspect, reseat the CRC.

If the CRC is determined to be faulty, replace the circuit pack.

Conditions The conditions associated with replacement of the CRC aresummarized below.

Replace the circuit pack Important! Always wear an ESD wrist strap when handlingcomponents.

To reseat/replace the out-of-service CRC, follow the steps listed below.

............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................

4 If reseating the CRC, slide the same circuit pack back into the slot andclose the latch.

Conditions Value Comments

Hot swappable(Y/N)

Y The CRC should not need to beremoved or restored from service.

Need for re-download (Y/N)

N ifinitialization issuccessful

Y ifinitializationfails

After the CRC has completed itsBoard Level Self Test (BLST), theboard initializes and checks the boardNVM. If the board contains thecorrect image, there is no need fortechnician intervention. Perform theop:cell command to check thegeneric. If it is not the correct image,the technician must perform an NVMdownload through the TI “send”command.


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If replacing the CRC, slide the replacement circuit pack into the slotand close the latch.

............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................


Result: The CRC should re-initialize automatically. If it does not,refer to the “Conditions” table on the previous page to check thegeneric.

If troubleshooting an RFU problem and all RFUs continue to fail,proceed to “Power cycle the BBU (6-4).”

Commands The CRC should not need to be removed or restored to service. Use thecommands in the table below if the circuit pack needs to be removedfrom service or does not automatically return to service afterreplacement.

N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................

Purpose Command

Command to take unit out ofservice

rmv:cell a, bbu b, crc

Where a=RCS# 1-384, b=BBU# 1-2

Command to restore unit rst:cell a, bbu b, crc

Message if successful

(both lines will be received)

RST:CELL a BBU b CRC, ATP

RST:CELL a BBU b CRC, COMPLETED,

ALL TESTS PASSED



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Replace the AC-DC or DC-DC power units

Conditions Replacement is done on an out-of-service base station. The conditionsfor the replacement of a power unit are summarized below.


To replace the out-of-service power unit, follow the steps listed below.

............................................................................................................................................................................

1 Power down the BBU.

............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................

5 Slide the replacement circuit pack into the slot and close the latch.

............................................................................................................................................................................


Condition Value Comments

Hot swappable (Y/N) Y Power unit replacement disruptstransmission

Need for re-download(Y/N)

N

Other Issues During the replacement of a power unit,there will be no power to the OM. Thiswill result in the need for a 30-minutewarm-up of that module after thereplacement has been completed beforethe carrier can be restarted.


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............................................................................................................................................................................


N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Replace the TFU

Conditions Important! This procedure is service-affecting.

This operation requires that the unit be taken out of service. Theconditions associated with replacement of the TFU are summarizedbelow.


To replace the out-of-service TFU, follow the steps listed below.

............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................



Hot swappable (Y/N) Y

Need for re-download (Y/N) N Download is automatically doneat restore.

RMT required for operation(Y/N)

N


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Commands The TFU should not need to be removed or restored to service. Use thecommands in the table below if the circuit pack needs to be removedfrom service or does not automatically return to service afterreplacement.

N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................

Purpose Command

Command to take unit out ofservice

rmv:cell a, bbu b, tfu; ucl

Where a=RCS# 1-384, andb=BBU# 1-2

Command to restore unit rst:cell a, bbu b, tfu




RST:CELL a BBU b TFU,

COMPLETED, ALL TESTS PASSED



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Replace a CCU

Conditions Replacement of a CCU requires that the base station be taken out ofservice only when the base station is equipped with a single CCU. If thebase station is equipped with two CCUs, calls are supported by thesecond CCU during the replacement. The conditions associated withreplacement of a CCU are summarized below.

Before a CCU is removed For a conditional or unconditional removal of a CCU, (either manually,or as the result of a fault), the following conditions apply.

1. If a CCU is removed when an adjacent CCU is already out-of-service, all upstream CCUs will also go out-of-service (OOS). Forthe Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station, upstream CCUs arethe ones located closer to the CRC.

2. All CCUs are subject to a total CDMA channel element major/minor OOS limit. 3G-1X CCUs are subject to the CDMA 3G-1Xchannel element major/minor OOS limit.

• If either major limit is exceeded during a conditional remove,the remove request is rejected. If either major limit isexceeded during an unconditional remove, the removerequest proceeds, and notification that the OOS limit hasbeen exceeded is sent to the MSC.

• If the request does not exceed the major limits, but doesexceed the total or 3G-1X minor limits, the remove requestproceeds, and notification that the OOS limit has beenexceeded is sent to the MSC.

3. Traffic is camped-on prior to the removal of the CCU. During aconditional remove, the request is rejected if the traffic is notcleared within five minutes. For an unconditional remove, trafficis dropped after five minutes, and notification of the droppedtraffic is sent to the MSC.


Hot swappable (Y/N) Y

Need for re-download (Y/N) N Download is automatically doneat restore.

RMT required for operation(Y/N)

N


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In the image below, the CCU ordering scheme is depicted. CCUs 2-6are considered to be “upstream” from CCU-1. As an example inapplying the first condition described on the previous page, if CCU-4 isOOS, and a technician removes CCU-3 from service, CCU-5 andCCU-6 also go OOS.


To replace the out-of-service CCU, follow the steps listed below.

............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................




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N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................

Commands The CCU should not need to be removed or restored to service. Use thecommands in the table below if the circuit pack needs to be removedfrom service or does not automatically return to service afterreplacement

Purpose Command

Command to take unitout of service

rmv:cell a, bbu b, ccu c

Where a=RCS# 1-384, b=BBU# 1-2 andc=CCU# 1-6

Command to restore unit rst:cell a, bbu b, ccu c



RST:CELL a BBU b CCU c, ATP

RST:CELL a BBU b CCU c, COMPLETED,

ALL TESTS PASSED


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Replace the IOC and OM

Conditions Important! This procedure is service-affecting.

To replace the OM, the entire IOC must be replaced.

Commands The base station should be removed from service prior to replacementof the IOC/OM.


To replace the IOC, follow the steps listed below.

............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................



Hot swappable (Y/N) N The temperature of the OM muststabilize after replacement, before thebase station can be restored toservice.

Need for re-download(Y/N)

N

RMT required foroperation (Y/N)

N

Purpose Command

Command to take basestation out of service

rmv:cell a, bbu b, tfu

Where a=RCS# 1-384, b=BBU # 1-2

Command to restore basestation

rst:cell a, bbu b, tfu




RST:CELL a BBU b TFU, COMPLETED,

ALL TESTS PASSED



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............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................


N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................


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RFU troubleshooting

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose The purpose of this section is to troubleshoot and repair the RFU andassociated components.

When to troubleshoot Before replacing an RFU, troubleshoot using the procedures in thissection. Potential problems may include: being unable to configureradios, the cell inventory not obtaining amplifier information, or anFOM port showing up as OOS. Using these procedures you should beable to isolate a fault to the RFU, fiberoptic cable, or BBU circuit pack.

Pole-mounted RFUs For pole-mounted RFUs, it is not possible to verify that the RFU TxLEDs are lit. Omit this step in the procedures that follow.


Potential scenarios 6 - 19

Power cycle the suspect RFU 6 - 21

Logically swap the suspect RFU 6 - 23

Replace the fiberoptic cable 6 - 25

Replace the RFU 6 - 26



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Potential scenarios

For all RFUtroubleshooting

For all suspected cases of RFU problems, first verify that the TFU isactive and has GPS lock, and the FOM active LED is green.

No communication to anyRFUs

If both the Tx amplifier and PCBR for all RFUs are out-of-service, youmay suspect that there is no communication between the FOM in thethe RFUs. Begin to troubleshoot this problem by following the stepsbelow:

1. Reseat/replace the FOM (6-5)

2. Reseat/replace the CRC (6-7)

3. Power cycle the BBU (6-4).

No communication to asingle RFU

If both the Tx amplifier and PCBR are out-of-service, you may suspectthat there is no communication between the FOM in the BBU and theRFU. Begin to troubleshoot this problem by following the steps below:

1. Verify that the fiberoptic cables are properly connected to theFOM and RFU

2. Power cycle the suspect RFU (6-21) to refresh the state of thecomponents

3. Logically swap the suspect RFU (6-23) to determine if theproblem follows the hardware (the RFU or the fiberoptic cable), orremains with the FOM port. Proceed from this section to isolatethe problem to the FOM or RFU.

Tx amplifier, PCBR, or Txgain failures

If only one maintenance unit in the RFU (the Tx amplifier or thePCBR) is out-of-service, or a Tx gain failure is reported, you canexpect that the problem lies with the hardware, not the fiberoptic cable.Troubleshoot this problem by following the steps below:

1. Clear all other alarms prior to troubleshooting the Tx gain failure

2. Power cycle the suspect RFU (6-21) to refresh the state of thecomponents

3. Replace the RFU (6-26) if power cycling the RFU does not correctthe problem.


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RFU troubleshooting flowchart

Verify that TFU is active andhas GPS lock, and that theLED on the FOM is green

Are all RFUsfailing?

Verify, clean,or replacefiberoptic

cables

Logically swap thesuspect RFU with a

good RFU

Power cyclethe suspect

RFU

Reseatthe FOM

Powercycle the

BBU

Reseatthe CRC

Start

Call technicalsupport

Does theproblem follow

the RFU?


Reseatthe FOM

Replacethe FOM

Powercycle the

BBU


YesNo

Yes No

If still failing

If still failing

If still failing

If still failing

If still failing

If still failing

If still failing

If still failing

Are the redLEDs lit?

Verifypower up

Yes

No

If still failing



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Power cycle the suspect RFU

When to power cycle Power cycle the RFU when you suspect the RFU is stuck in a particularstate.


Reference


Power cycle a RFU Use the steps below to power cycle a suspect RFU.

............................................................................................................................................................................

1 Power down the suspect RFU.

............................................................................................................................................................................

2 Verify that the fiberoptic cable is properly connected at the RFU andBBU ends.

Important! The end of the cable labeled “Tx” should beconnected to the port labeled “Tx” and the end labeled “Rx”should be connected to the port labeled “Rx.”

............................................................................................................................................................................

3 Power up the suspect RFU.


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............................................................................................................................................................................

4 Wait thirty seconds and then verify that the RFU has a green Tx LED onthe PCBR. To see the Tx LED, look inside the junction box.

Result: If the Tx LED is not properly lit, proceed to “Replace theRFU (6-26).”

If the Tx LED is properly lit, check to see if the original failure hascleared. If the problem persists, proceed to “Logically swap thesuspect RFU (6-23).”

If the Tx LED does not light at all, check the power source.

N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Logically swap the suspect RFU

When to logically swap theRFU

Logically swap the suspect RFU to isolate a problem to the RFU/fiberoptic cable or FOM port.


Reference


Logically swap RFUs Use the steps below to logically swap the RFU.

............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................

2 Swap the fiberoptic cable on the BBU end for the two RFUs that will beswapped. For example, if RFU1 and RFU2 are being swapped plug thefiberoptic cable from RFU1 into the “B” FOM ports, and the fiberopticcable from RFU2 into the “A” FOM ports.

............................................................................................................................................................................



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............................................................................................................................................................................

4 Wait thirty seconds and then verify that the RFU has a green Tx LED onthe PCBR. To see the Tx LED, look inside the junction box.

Result: If the original problem is still present, but has moved to anew RFU number, the problem followed the RFU or fiberopticcable. Return the fiberoptic cables to their initial configuration(Steps 1-3 of this procedure), and then proceed to “Replace thefiberoptic cable (6-25).”

If the problem is still present but remains with the same RFUnumber, the FOM port is suspect. Return the fiberoptic cables totheir initial configuration (Steps 1-3 of this procedure), and thenproceed to “Reseat/replace the FOM (6-5)” to reseat the FOM.

If the original problem clears, return the fiberoptic cables to theirinitial configuration (Steps 1-3 of this procedure), and continuetesting from the original failure.

N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Replace the fiberoptic cable

When to replace the cable Replace the fiberoptic cable if all communication to the RFU isblocked (both Tx amplifiers and PCBRs are out-of-service).


Reference


Replace fiberoptic cable Use the steps below to replace the fiberoptic cable.

............................................................................................................................................................................

1 Power down the RFU.

............................................................................................................................................................................

2 Replace the existing fiberoptic cable with a fiberoptic cable that isknown to be good.

Important! Replace both the orange and blue fibers of thefiberoptic cable pair.

............................................................................................................................................................................

3 Power up the RFU.

............................................................................................................................................................................

4 Check to see if the failure is still present.

Result: If the failure is no longer present, the original fiberopticcable was probably the problem.

If the failure is still present, proceed to “Replace the RFU (6-26).”

N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Replace the RFU

When to replace the RFU If components of the RFU fail and the problem cannot be isolated anyfarther, contact technical support at https://wireless.support.lucent.com.Use the “Ask Lucent” feature as the first point of contact; if the issue isunresolved, call technical support at 1-866-Lucent8. Should anycomponent be determined to be faulty, the entire RFU is treated as anFRU.


Reference


Turn off power Before the RFU is removed, the power must be disconnected.

Remove frame wiring andhardware

Follow the appropriate safety precautions to remove the cablingassociated with the RFU that is to be replaced. Be sure to label thecables when disconnecting them. The cables include:

• RFU grounding

• Power

• Fiberoptic connections to the BBU.

Important! During replacement of the junction box accesscover on the RFU, torque all fasteners to 6 to 10 in.-lb. (0.7 to 1.1Nm) to ensure that the compartment will be weather-proof.

Return RFU to LucentTechnologies

Return the RFU to Lucent Technologies as instructed; ideally the unitshould be properly packed in the box in which it was originallyshipped.


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7 Configuration management(software updates, growth anddegrowth procedures)

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose This chapter reviews the procedures necessary to perform configurationmanagment on a Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station. Theseprocedures include: initialization of the base station, Non-VolatileMemory (NVM) updates, and growth and degrowth (removal) ofsoftware components. These procedures are used when addingcomponents and carriers to a base station, or when changing the basestation site configuration.


Before you begin 7 - 2

Base station initialization and Non-Volatile Memory (NVM)update

7 - 7

Growth procedures 7 - 16

Grow a single carrier or sector 7 - 34

Degrowth procedures 7 - 36


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Configuration management (software updates, growth anddegrowth procedures)

Before you begin

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose This section describes reference material for the configurationmanagement procedures.


References 7 - 3

Translations 7 - 5

Configuration options 7 - 6



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................References

Overview Before you undertake growth or degrowth procedures, check that theconfiguration and cabling requirements that are listed in this sectionhave been met. Check that all interfaces and related documentation thatwill be needed are available, and that all systems and documentationare up to date.

Assumptions It is assumed that the requirements described below have been met:

• If installing a new base station, a vacant RCS number has beenidentified by the customer

• If adding components to an existing base station, the base stationis currently running

• The pair of application processors that contain the new RCS arealready integrated into the APC

• The DS1 spans on the application processor and the 5ESS Switchhave already been configured

• All circuit packs have been installed

• Any additional DS1 lines that are needed have been run to thecabinet, and required components have been added at the 5ESSSwitch

• These Recent Change/Verify (RC/V) forms already exist: ecp,iun, link, apeqp, cgsa, cdhfl, cdhnl, and fci.

Required interfaces The interfaces described below are used for the APC growthprocedures.

• UNIX® RTR Shell (or access through the OMP), for thesedatabases: ECP RC/V and ECP RC/V Equipment ConfigurationData (ECD)

• 5ESS Digital Cellular Switch (DCS) Supplemental Line TrunkWork Station (SLTWS), for access to the 5ESS Switch RC/V

• Element Management System (EMS), for configuration ofmanaged objects and command execution from either the: EMSGraphical User Interface (EMS GUI) or Command LineInterpreter (CLI)


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• APC Local Maintenance Terminal (LMT), to control applicationprocessor module power and execute application processorplatform-level commands using: Emergency Interface (EI) and theConsole Program (QmodemPro)

Reference documents Refer to the Lucent Technologies documents listed below for detailedreference information.

Topic Refer to Document

RC/V forms used in thesegrowth/degrowth procedures

Flexent /AUTOPLEX® WirelessNetworks Database Update Manual(401-610-036)

Command line formats Flexent /AUTOPLEX® WirelessNetworks Input/Output MessagesManual (401-610-055/057)

APC operation andmaintenance

Flexent Application Processor Cluster(APC) Operation, Administration, andMaintenance (401-710-101)

MM-AP operation andmaintenance

Flexent Wireless Networks MobilityManager Application Processor Cluster(APC) Operation, Administration, andMaintenance (401-710-201)

RCS growth and softwareupdates

Flexent Wireless Networks RadioCluster Server (RCS) and MobiltyManager Radio Cluster Server (MM-RCS) Operations, Administration, andMaintenance (OA&M) (401-710-102)

Individual componentinstallation

Instructions provided with kit



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Translations

Recent Change/Verify(RC/V) forms

The MSC maintains a database that contains equipment configurationdata, call processing configuration data, and subscriber data. This datais managed through translations, known as the RC/V feature. Thisfeature allows the user to make changes to the data from a centrallocation, instead of having to be at the cell site.

Reference For more information, refer to the Flexent /AUTOPLEX WirelessNetworks Executive Cellular Processor (ECP) Database UpdateManual (401-610-036).


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Configuration options

Supported configurations The minimum configuration for the Flexent CDMA Distributed BaseStation consists of one BBU connecting up to three RFUs via dedicatedfiberoptic links. For the first release, a maximum of up to two BBUswill be supported. This allows for configurations of:

• One sector, 1-2 carrier

• Two sector, 1-2 carrier

• Three sector, 1-2 carrier.

Future growth In future releases, a third BBU will be supported, which will allow forthree-sector, three-carrier configurations. Omni sectorization will alsobe supported.



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Base station initialization and Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) update

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose This section provides information on booting the base station and Non-volatile Memory (NVM) updates.


Base station initialization or RCS reboot 7 - 8

Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) 7 - 10

NVM update 7 - 13


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Base station initialization or RCS reboot

Overview The initialization of the Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Stationincludes the reset of the radio controller and all associated circuitpacks, the reload of appropriate generics to the radios, and theestablishment of signaling links between the RCS and the BBUs.

Component hardware initialization failures are recorded in eachspecific component’s NVM.

Command format To complete a manual initialization, use the restart command to rebootthe RCS (restart:rcs a) or perform a stable clear on the base station(init:cell a:sc). When the restore command and/or stable clearprocedures are used, the initialization time starts with the time stamp onthe ROP and ends with the time stamp that indicates the completion ofthe initialization.

Initialization process The Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station initialization andbootstrap procedures involve the actions described below.

............................................................................................................................................................................

1 Reset the base station.

............................................................................................................................................................................

2 Establish the signaling link with the RCS.

............................................................................................................................................................................

3 Perform local initialization for the CRC.

............................................................................................................................................................................

4 Reset and initialize the radios.

............................................................................................................................................................................

5 Update the NVM of the radios.

............................................................................................................................................................................

6 Reach the normal operating stage (ready for call processing).

N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................



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CRC initialization Upon power-up, or as the result of a power cycle or reset, the CRCperforms initialization functions. Upon successful completion of theinitialization process, the CRC is in its “Power-on, IDLE” state. TheCRC has successfully booted itself, and is capable of communicatingvia the signaling link to either the RCS or the RMT.

PCBR initialization Upon power-up, or as the result of a power cycle or reset, the PCBRperforms a Board Level Self Test (BLST), boots on to its NVM image,and establishes communication with the RCS via the CRC.

Role of the signaling linkduring the initialization

process

The signaling link is used by the CRC to respond to a message (eitherfrom the RCS or the RMT) that will specify which NVM image to loadfrom the NVM file area. The CRC loads and executes that image ifavailable, or reports an error back after the boot generic has beenloaded to the requesting RCS.


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Non-Volatile Memory (NVM)

Overview A complete executable image (or set of images) of the current softwaregeneric is stored locally at the base station in an NVM area. Anexecutable image of the NVM software is also loaded into executablememory (RAM) on individual circuit packs.

Definitions Active generic The active generic is the one in use by the base stationor RCS. The active generic cannot be deleted from the database.

Alternate generic Alternate generics are loaded in the database asback-ups.

Diagnostic generic (DI) Diagnostic generics are used by the RMTfor diagnostics purposes.

RCS boot or reboot An RCS boot or reboot restarts the entire RCS.This should be done if a new generic is available for the RCS, as wellas for all associated base stations.

Base station initialization Base station initialization performs a stableclear on just a single base station. This should be done if only the basestation-specific portion of the generic has changed.

Example of genericstructure

An NVM generic is similar to the one shown below.

Fxxxxxx.vv

xxxxxx = RCS generic

vv = Cell site-specific generic

NVM update process The update is done in two stages:

1. The first stage transfers the images from the RCS or RMT to theCRC

2. The second stage occurs automatically as part of the initializationand downloads these images to the CCUs, PCBRs, and TFU fromthe CRC.

Once the generic version string is sent to the base station, the basestation checks a local file system to see if it has all of the NVM filesassociated with the generic. One of two things will occur:

• If the versions are compatible, the base station reboots onto therequired generic



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• If the versions are not compatible, the RCS marks the CRCassociated with the base station as “out of service” and rebootsonto the boot generic.

The operator can bring an out-of-service base station back into servicein one of two ways:

• Perform an NVM download procedure for the required genericand restore the base station

• Instruct the base station to boot from a good generic alreadycontained on the base station locally.

Command format To download a new generic image to a BBU, use:

send:cell a,bbu b-c, generic d

Where a = RCS number (1-384), b and c = BBU numbers (1-2), and d =generic number

Important! The generic can be downloaded at the cell level(send:cell a, generic d), to a single BBU (send:cell a, bbu b, generic d), or to two BBUs at the same time(send:cell a, bbu b-c, generic d).

Advantages of base stationstorage

The storage of the images locally in non-volatile form allows a basestation to be booted faster than if software were to be downloaded fromthe application processor as part of each base station initializationevent. This minimizes overall cell site downtime, and downtime on anindividual carrier basis.

Downtime is also minimized because NVM is used only for storagepurposes, while ordinary RAM is used for the actual execution ofsoftware.

NVM update characteristics New images are downloaded from the RCS (or via the RMT) whenavailable on a scheduled basis. NVM images are originally installed viatape onto the OMP, and then onto the application processors. After thebase station boots, the memory image of each processor in the basestation is read by its processor and loaded into RAM for execution.Passive units, such as filters, do not have their own NVM to store theirmemory images, and do not have updatable NVM images.

Available generics

The base station can store three generics of NVM images for callprocessing: an “active” image, an “alternate” image, and a diagnosticimage (DI).


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These images will be kept at the CRC. The CRC load includes NVMimages for the CRC, CCUs, PCBRs, and TFU. The alternate image canbe used to test a new official generic before it is marked official (viaRC/V). This enables the service provider to return to the active genericto ensure continued base station operation with a known, workinggeneric in the event that a new NVM update does not meet customerexpectations.

Role of the signaling linkon the NVM process

Downloads to the base station do not require that the base station be outof service. However, the signaling links between the RCS (or RMT)and the base station must be operational. If no valid generic is in thebase station, the boot generic (which is a special firmware boot image)is capable of initializing the signaling links and downloading a newNVM generic.

NVM downloads are performed on the backup signaling link. If thebackup signaling link is down (or not provisioned), the NVMdownloaded will use the primary signaling link, which could impactcall processing.

Cell site storage Within a target CRC, the downloaded executables are stored in aspecial NVM device called the Flash File System (FFS). The FFSdevice mimics a hard disk, and in doing so, supports basic file I/Ocapabilities (open/close, read/write, compress/uncompress, create/delete directory, etc.).

Reference A step-by-step description of the NVM RCS load procedure is coveredin Chapter 4 of the Flexent Radio Cluster Server (RCS) and MobilityManager Radio Cluster Server (MM-RCS) Operations, Administration,and Maintenance (OA&M) (401-710-102) .



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................NVM update

Overview An NVM generic update can be done at the RCS level or at the basestation level.

Before you begin Before a new NVM generic can be downloaded to a base station, itmust be installed on the application processor. Refer to Flexent RadioCluster Server (RCS) and Mobility Manager Radio Cluster Server(MM-RCS) Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (401-710-102) for this procedure.

Important! Changes to NVM generics may be serviceaffecting.

It is recommended that changes be made when call volume is low.

Update the cell2 form Update the cell2 form to enter the new generic into the database.

............................................................................................................................................................................

1 Access the appropriate cell2 form.

............................................................................................................................................................................

2 Enter the new generic information into the form.

............................................................................................................................................................................

3 Update the cell2 form.

N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................

Download new generic Use the procedure below to download the new generic to the basestation. Perform these steps from the TIpdunix.

If then change fields:

a new RCS generic, Cell Generic - Version Name

Flexent Cell Site Revision Number

Flexent Software - Revision Number

a change in the cell siteportion of the genericonly,

Flexent Cell Site Revision Number

Flexent Software - Revision Number


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............................................................................................................................................................................

1 To view a list of available generics already loaded on the base station,enter:

op:cell a,bbu b, generic

Result: A list of generics available on the system and theircharacteristics (active, good, bad, loading, or missing) will bedisplayed.

............................................................................................................................................................................

2 To make room on the system, delete an obsolete generic. Enter:

del:cell a,bbu b, generic "Fxxxxxx.vv"

Result: The system will respond with a repeat of the command anda response that that the deletion has been completed.

............................................................................................................................................................................

3 To download the new generic, enter:

send:cell a,bbu b-c, generic "Fxxxxxx.vv"


Result: The system will respond with a repeat of the command anda response that that the download has been completed.

............................................................................................................................................................................

4 Restart the RCS or initialize the base station to complete the update.

If then:

a new RCS generic, restart the RCS. Enter:

restart:rcs a

a = RCS number

a change in the cell siteportion of the genericonly,

initialize the base station. Enter:

init:cell b:sc

b = cell site number



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............................................................................................................................................................................

5 Verify results.

Result: The system should respond with verification that the bootphase has been completed, and SDP 2131 should display thespecified RCS and associated base stations as in-service.

EN D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................


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Growth procedures

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose This section describes the software procedures required to grow aFlexent CDMA Distributed Base Station and RCS. The growthprocedures are listed in sequential order, and are organized by RC/Vform name. The RC/V forms to be updated are as follows:

• cell2

• cmmceqp

• ceqface (for each face)

• bbueqp

• pptg

• cmodpptm (for each packet pipe)

• fci (for each face)

• ecp

General order of growthprocedures

The typical sequence of growth procedures is as follows:

1. Verify installation of hardware

2. Access apxrcv to update the required RC/V forms

3. Create and restore the RCS at the EMS CLI

4. Restore the base station to service.

Table format The tables that accompany the procedures that follow providemandatory values when appropriate, and ranges with default values (ifavailable) in parentheses for customer-specific information.

Important! Before beginning growth or degrowth procedures,specify the desired end carrier/sector configuration.



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New RC/V forms In the procedures that follow, the insert function is used to create newRC/V forms. The change/insert function can also be used to insertnew forms.

Reference

Refer to Flexent /AUTOPLEX Wireless Networks Executive CellularProcessor (ECP) Database Update Manual (401-610-036) foradditional information on using either of these functions.

Before you begin Ensure that the steps listed below have been completed beforebeginning growth of a Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station.

1. The 2130 Status Display Page (SDP) has been reviewed andshows that cell y is unequipped

2. Verify that the base station is unequipped. At the EMS CLI, enter:

op:cell y

3. The hardware for the base station is installed and powered up.

Contents The topic covered in this section is as follows.

RC/V database updates 7 - 18

Integrate the base station into the network 7 - 30


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................RC/V database updates

Access RC/V database Use the AUTOPLEX System 1000 ECP Access menu, located under theAUTOPLEX OMP Technician menu, or enter the command below froman ECP UNIX/RTR terminal to access the ECP RC/V subsystem:

apxrcv

Important! RC/V form modifications cannot be completedunless the iun and apeqp forms have been inserted for theapplication processor pair that will support the RCS.

Reference

For detailed information on specific fields and values in the RC/Vforms, refer to the Flexent /AUTOPLEX Wireless Networks ExecutiveCellular Processor (ECP) Database Update Manual (401-610-036).

Insert cell2 form Create a cell2 form for the new base station to define cell siteinformation.

............................................................................................................................................................................

1 From the apxrcv prompt, enter:

cell2

............................................................................................................................................................................

2 Enter i to initiate the Insert operation.

............................................................................................................................................................................

3 On screen 1, enter:

* The base station can be put in a "growth" state so that diagnostics canbe run before the base station is equipped.

Field name Value

Cell Site Number 1-384

Cellular Geographic Service Area 1-16 (1)

Switch Identification 1-16 (1)

CDMA Switch Identification 1-16

Cell Site Status e/g*



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............................................................................................................................................................................

4 On screen 2, under Frame Technology Type: (Controller) Frame 0 enter:

rcs_mmc

The additional growth frames should contain a value of u, unequipped.

............................................................................................................................................................................

5 On screen 3, for the CDMA Packet Pipe Trunk Group field, enter avalue from 1-2000.

............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................

7 On screen 10, under Cell Site Optional Features, enter y for theCDMA field. Enter y for the PCS CDMA field if equipping a PCS basestation, or enter n if equipping a Cellular base station.

............................................................................................................................................................................

8 On screen 11, under Cell Site Optional Features (cont.), entery for the CDMA PP 16 field if the number of DS0 channels in thecmodpptm form is equal to 1 or greater than 8, or n if not. Enter y for theCDMA PPOPTMT field if the CDMA PP 16 field is y, or enter y or n.

............................................................................................................................................................................

9 On screen 17, under CDMA Cell Site Information Only:, enterinformation into the CRC Overload Control (%) (allowed values 50-95), Total CDMA Channel Elements OOS Minor Limit (%) (allowedvalues 1-100), and Total CDMA Channel Elements OOS Major Limit (%) (allowed values 1-100) fields.

Field name Value

Cell Generic - Version Name alphanumericsequence

-R5 Compatible y

Flexent Cell Site RCS Revision Number 0-99

Flexent Software - Revision Number 0-99

- Diagnostic Generic alphanumericsequence


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............................................................................................................................................................................

10 On screen 20, under CDMA Carrier:, enter information into theChannel Number (allowed values 1-1023) and Band Class (1900 forPCS base stations and 850 for Cellular base stations) fields.

Result: A Warning:Insert PPTG xxx with Switch ID y

message will appear.

............................................................................................................................................................................

11 Enter i to insert the form.

............................................................................................................................................................................

12 Enter < to exit and return to the apxrcv prompt.

N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................

Insert cmmceqp form Create a cmmceqp form for the new base station to enter information forthe test radio, base station, and user alarms.

............................................................................................................................................................................


cmmceqp

............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................

3 On screen 1, enter information into the Cell Site Number (MicroMini Cell RCS) (allowed values 1-384) field.

............................................................................................................................................................................

4 On screen 2, enter information under User Alarm Parameters to equipthe user alarms.

............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................


N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................



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Update ceqface form Update the ceqface form to define cell equipage face information.

............................................................................................................................................................................


ceqface

............................................................................................................................................................................

2 Enter u to initiate the Update operation.

............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................

4 On screen 7, enter information into the Pilot PN Sequence Offset

Index (allowed values 0-511) field.

............................................................................................................................................................................

5 On screen 9, under Base Assisted Soft Handoff (BAHO):, enter 0.0into the BAHO Quality Threshold (dB) field and n into the BAHO Mobile Type fields.

............................................................................................................................................................................

6 Enter u to update the form.

............................................................................................................................................................................


N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................

Insert bbueqp form Create a bbueqp form for the new BBU to enter information on CRCstatus, signaling links, CCU status, and PCBR equipage.

............................................................................................................................................................................


bbueqp

Field name Value

Cell Site - Number 1-384

-Physical Antenna Face 1-3


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............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................

4 On screen 2, enter the required information to equip the CCUs underCDMA Control Unit Information. Allowed values are e (equipped),u (unequipped), and g (growth). The CCUs can be placed in a "growth"state (g) to run diagnostics before the base station is equipped.

............................................................................................................................................................................

5 On screen 3, enter the required information under Base Band Unit DS1 Information.

Field name Value


Base Band Unit Number 1-2

CRC Status e

Transmission Facility Type l, s, m

CRC Overload Control (%) 50-95

AP Signaling Link Information for

Connections at the AP:

Primary AP: DS1 1-4 for 1st

generation AP;

1-8 for MM-AP

DS0 1-24

(T1);

1-31

(E1)

Alternate AP: DS1 1-4 for 1st

generation AP;

1-8 for MM-AP

DS0 1-24

(T1);

1-31

(E1)



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............................................................................................................................................................................

6 On screen 4, enter the required information to equip the PCBR underPCBR Equipage. Allowed values are e (equipped), u (unequipped), andg (growth) for PCBR Stat. The PCBR can be placed in a "growth" state(g) to run diagnostics before the base station is equipped. Also enterinformation to associate the amplifiers and antenna face with eachPCBR.

Important! As of Release 18.0, base stations deployed in theCellular band support 20 watts of ouput power at the J4connection. This affects the Amp Type and Max Pwr fields onscreen 4 of the bbueqp form. The new value for the 20 wattamplifier is cmma_20 for the Amp Type field. The 16 wattamplifiers (cmma) previously deployed in the Cellular field, whileno longer used in new base stations, will continue to be supported.There is no change to the PCS amplifier (pmma).

For base stations that support the cmma (16 watt Cellular) or pmma(PCS) amplifiers, a warning is generated for the Max Pwr fieldwhen the value exceeds 16 watts. For the cmma_20 amplifier, awarning will be generated when the value exceeds 20 watts.

............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................


N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................

Insert pptg form Create a pptg form to define the packet pipe trunk group.

............................................................................................................................................................................


pptg

............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................



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............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................


N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................

Insert cmodpptm form Create a cmodpptm form to define the packet pipe trunk membernumber.

............................................................................................................................................................................


cmodpptm

............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................


Field name Value

CDMA Switch Identification 1-16 (1)

Trunk Group Number 1-2000


Field name Value

CDMA Switch Identification 1-16

Trunk Group Number 1-2000

Trunk Member Number 1-96

Trunk Status e

Physical CRC Number 1-3

DS1 Number 1-2

DS0 Channel 1-24 (T1)

1-31 (E1 with

ccs)

1-15, 17-31

(E1 with cas)



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............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................


N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................

Assign trunk groups at the5ESS Switch Master

Control Center (MCC)

At the 5ESS Switch MCC, have MSC support assign trunk groups forthe base station. Complete the forms listed below.

Reference

For further information on 5ESS Switch Recent Change forms, refer to5ESS-2000 Switch Recent Change Reference (235-118-253).

Configure DS0 connectionto application processor

At the 5ESS Switch MCC, have MSC support configure the primaryand alternate application processors for the application processor/basestation DS0 connections.

Logical CRC Number 1-3

CCU Numbers 1-6

If Then

a T1 facility, enter information into the:

• 5.1 (Trunk Group) and

• 5.5 (Trunk Member) forms

an E1 facility, enter information into the:

• 4.1 (Trunk Group Number) and

• 4.3 TRKNR (Trunk Group Number and Member Number) forms

If Then

a T1 facility, enter information into the 7.11 (Nail-Up and Hairpin Specification) form

an E1 facility, enter information into the 6.6 RTPER(Semi-Permanent Connection) form


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Reference

For further information on 5ESS Switch Recent Change forms, refer to5ESS-2000 Switch Recent Change Reference (235-118-253).

Insert fci form Insert the fci form to define the inter-MSC and intra-MSC handoffinformation.

............................................................................................................................................................................


fci

............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................

4 On screen 14, under CDMA Principle Neighbor List, enter:

Field name Value


Server Group 0

Antenna Face Number 1-3

Field name Value

Cell Site 1-384

Ant Face 0-6

Pilot PN 0-511

Pri Grp 0-3

Anlg Ant Face 0-6

Eqvl Srv Grp 0-1

Anlg Only Pilot y/n

Ngbr Conf 0-3

Band Class 1900 (for PCS)

850 (for

Cellular)



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............................................................................................................................................................................


Important! The fci forms for the base stations entered in theneighbor lists must be updated to include the new base station.

............................................................................................................................................................................


N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................

Update neighbor fci forms Update the fci forms for the neighbor cells to enter information aboutthe new base station into the Neighbor Lists.

............................................................................................................................................................................


fci

............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................

3 On screen 1, enter the information below to recall the correct form.

............................................................................................................................................................................

4 On screen 20, under CDMA Directed Handoff Neighbor List, enterthe following data:

Hard Handoff Only y/n

Extended System ID DCS 0-16

Extended System ID ECP 0-15

Extended System ID SYS 1-32767

Field name Value


Server Group 0

Antenna Face Number 1-3

Field name Value


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............................................................................................................................................................................


Important! Repeat steps 1-4 for each neighbor of the basestation.

............................................................................................................................................................................


N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................

Update ecp form Update the ecp form.

............................................................................................................................................................................


ecp

............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................

3 On screen 1, enter information into the Executive Cellular

Processor Identification field to obtain the correct form.

............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................

5 On screen 41, enter information into the Paging Cell Site List

(allowed values 1-384) field.

Cell Site 1-384

Ant Face 0-6

Hard Handoff Only y/n

Field name Value

Flexent RCS Forward Power Report crc

CRC Overload Control 80



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............................................................................................................................................................................


............................................................................................................................................................................


N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................

Update cdhnl/cdhfl forms Prior to restoring the base station, the appropriate cdhnl/cdhfl formsmust be updated by permitted personnel to account for any RFoptimization changes, and to add the newly created base station to theneighbor list.

Reference

Refer to the CDMA RF Translation Application Note #4 for moreinformation on updating the neighbor lists.

Update cell2 form Update the cell2 form to turn on the CDMA QFAF. Enter y in theCDMA field under Cell Site Optional Features on screen 10.

Integrate the base stationinto the network

To continue integrating the base station into the network, continue tothe next section. Refer to Flexent Radio Cluster Server (RCS) andMobility Manager Radio Cluster Server (MM-RCS) Operations,Administration, and Maintenance (OA&M) (401-710-102) andFlexent /AUTOPLEX Wireless Networks Cell Site/DCS Input/OutputMessages (401-610-107), or contact technical support at https://wireless.support.lucent.com for more detailed information on:

• Creating an RCS

• Booting the cell

• Performing NVM updates

• Diagnostics and testing.


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Integrate the base station into the network

Initiate a Command LineInterface (CLI) session

Initiate a Command Line Interface (CLI) session.

............................................................................................................................................................................

1 Right click the mouse in the blue workspace of the OMP-FX console.

Result: A drop-down menu appears.

............................................................................................................................................................................

2 Select AUTOPLEX® OMP Technician Window.

............................................................................................................................................................................

3 Select Flexent Element Management System.

............................................................................................................................................................................

4 Select Command Line Interface (CLI).

Result: The system should respond with an EMS CLI prompt.

Reference: Enter <Ctrl> d to exit from the EMS CLI back to theOMP Technician Window.

N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................

Verify proper RCS and basestation generic software

Verify that the proper RCS and base station generic software has beenloaded on the primary and secondary application processors.

............................................................................................................................................................................

1 For the first application processor, enter:

op:ap x,version

............................................................................................................................................................................

2 Repeat the process for the secondary application processor. Enter:

op:ap y,version

Result: The desired RCS will not be present until it is created.

N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................



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View list of all equippedRCSs and DS1s

View the list of all equipped RCSs and DS1s on the primary andsecondary application processors.

............................................................................................................................................................................

1 Verify that the new RCS number does not already exist on the primaryapplication processor. Enter:

op:ap x,status

............................................................................................................................................................................

2 Repeat the process for the secondary application processor. Enter:

op:ap y,status

Important! Repeat the above commands for all applicationprocessors on the system.

N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................

Download generic software Download the generic software.

............................................................................................................................................................................

1 At the EMS CLI, enter:

send:cell a,bbu b-c, generic "c"


N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................

Create RCS Create the RCS.

............................................................................................................................................................................


create:rcs y

............................................................................................................................................................................

2 Verify that the RCS has been created. Enter:

op:ap y,status


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N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................

Restore RCS Restore the RCS to service.

............................................................................................................................................................................


rst:rcs y

N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................

Diagnose the hardware Diagnose the hardware.

............................................................................................................................................................................

1 For all CRCs, enter:

dgn:cell y,bbu x, crc

............................................................................................................................................................................

2 For all CCUs, enter:

dgn:cell y,bbu x, ccu y

............................................................................................................................................................................

3 For all PCBRs, enter:

dgn:cell y,bbu x, pcbr

............................................................................................................................................................................

4 For all TFUs, enter:

dgn:cell y,bbu x,tfu

N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................

Update RC/V forms toequip base station (if in

growth state)

If the base station was placed in the growth state for diagnosticspurposes, update the RC/V forms to equip the base station.

............................................................................................................................................................................

1 Update the value in the Cell Site Status field on the cell2 form toe if the value had been previously entered as g.



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............................................................................................................................................................................

2 On the bbueqp form, update the values for the CCU Status and CBR

Stat fields to e if g had been previously entered.

N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................

Review SDPs Review SDPs to ensure that the ending configurations are as shownbelow.

N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................

SDP command End configuration

SDP 2130 Cell Y equipped

SDP 2131,Y BBUs equipped

SDP 2132,Y Call Processing Allowed

SDP 2136,Y TFU and amplifier active

SDP 2138,Y,Z CRC, CE, PP, and PCBR active

SDP 2139,Y,Z CCU and CE active


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Grow a single carrier or sector

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose This section covers the procedures needed to modify the RC/V formswhen growing a single sector or carrier into an existing Flexent CDMADistributed Base Station. The growth procedures are listed insequential order, and are organized by RC/V form name. The RC/Vforms to be updated are as follows:

• cell2

• cmmceqp

• ceqface

• cmodpptm (for each packet pipe)

• bbueqp

Before you begin Ensure that all new hardware has been installed and restored to service.


RC/V database updates 7 - 35



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................RC/V database updates

Overview This section provides the procedures to update the RC/V forms in orderto equip additional carriers and sectors.

Update cell2 form Update the cell2 form to enter the required information for Channel Number and Band Class under the Common Carrier field on screen 20.

Update cmmceqp form Update the cmmceqp form to enter the required information for the newcarrier or sector.

Update ceqface form Update the ceqface form to enter the new sector information.

Update cmodpptm form Update the cmodpptm form to equip new packet pipes if there are anyadditional CCUs.

Update bbueqp form Update an existing, or insert a new, bbueqp form to enter the requiredinformation for the new carrier or sector.

Reference Refer to the Flexent /AUTOPLEX Wireless Networks ExecutiveCellular Processor (ECP) Database Update Manual (401-610-036) fordetails on the fields and values required in these forms.


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Degrowth procedures

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose The section provides procedures to degrow a carrier or sector, and theentire Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station.

General order of degrowthprocedures

Elements are usually removed in the reverse order from that in whichthey were grown. The typical sequence of degrowth procedures is asfollows:

1. Remove the base station from service

2. Delete the RCS at the EMS CLI

3. Update RC/V forms for the cell site using apxrcv

4. Remove the hardware and verify degrowth.


Degrow a single carrier or sector 7 - 37

Degrow a base station 7 - 38



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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Degrow a single carrier or sector

Overview This section provides the procedures to degrow a single carrier orsector from a Flexent CDMA Distributed Base Station.

Before you begin Before updating or deleting the RC/V forms, use the rmv: command toremove the base station and packet pipes from service.

Refer to Flexent /AUTOPLEX Wireless Networks Cell Site/DCSInput/Output Messages (401-610-107) for details on using the removecommand.

Reference Refer to the Flexent /AUTOPLEX Wireless Networks ExecutiveCellular Processor (ECP) Database Update Manual (401-610-036) fordetails on the fields and values required in the RC/V forms.

Update the required forms Access apxrcv and update/delete the forms as required.

............................................................................................................................................................................

1 Delete cmodpptm forms if packet pipes are being removed.

............................................................................................................................................................................

2 Update the bbueqp form to unequip the CCUs and PCBRs beingremoved.

N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................


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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Degrow a base station

Overview This section provides the procedures to degrow a Flexent CDMADistributed Base Station.

Before you begin Before updating or deleting the RC/V forms, use the rmv: command toremove the base station and packet pipes from service.

Refer to Flexent /AUTOPLEX Wireless Networks Cell Site/DCSInput/Output Messages (401-610-107) for details on using the removecommand.

Reference Refer to the Flexent /AUTOPLEX Wireless Networks ExecutiveCellular Processor (ECP) Database Update Manual (401-610-036) fordetails on the fields and values required in the RC/V forms.

Delete the RCS Delete the RCS at the EMS CLI.

Reference

Refer to Flexent /AUTOPLEX Wireless Networks Cell Site/DCSInput/Output Messages (401-610-107) for details on this command.

Update the required forms Access apxrcv and update/delete the forms as required.

............................................................................................................................................................................

1 Update the cell2 form to turn the CDMA QFAF off. Enter n in the CDMAfield under Cell Site Optional Features on screen 10.

............................................................................................................................................................................

2 Delete the cmodpptm forms.

............................................................................................................................................................................

3 Delete references to the T1/E1 facilities being degrown on the 5ESSSwitch Recent Change/Verify forms.

Reference: For further information on 5ESS Switch RecentChange/Verify forms, refer to 5ESS-2000 Switch Recent ChangeReference (235-118-253).

............................................................................................................................................................................

4 Delete the pptg form.



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............................................................................................................................................................................

5 Update the bbueqp forms for each sector. Enter u in the CRC Status,CCU Status, DS1 Status, and PCBR Stat fields to unequip the CRCand its associated components. After the form has been updated, re-entereach bbueqp form and delete it.

............................................................................................................................................................................

6 Delete the cmmceqp form.

............................................................................................................................................................................

7 Update the cdhnl/cdhfl forms to remove references to the base stationbeing degrown.

............................................................................................................................................................................

8 Update fci forms for neighbor cells to null out the information aboutthe base station being degrown on the CDMA Directed Handoff

Neighbor List.

Important! The base station being degrown must be removedfrom the fci forms for all neighbor cells before the fci form forthe base station itself can be deleted.

............................................................................................................................................................................

9 Delete the fci form.

............................................................................................................................................................................

10 Delete the cell2 form.

N D O F S T E P S...........................................................................................................................................................................

Complete degrowth To complete the degrowth of the base station, perform the stepsdescribed below.

1. Use the RMT to reset the Boot Memory Parameters to the newbase station configuration

2. Power down the base station, and remove the hardware

3. Review SDP 2130 to ensure that Cell Y is unequipped.


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A - 1Lucent Technologies – ProprietarySee notice on first page

401-703-369Issue 5, July 2002

............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Appendix A: DIP switch verification

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Overview

Purpose This appendix provides the instructions to verify that the DIP switchesare set correctly on the BBU.

Contents The topics covered in this appendix are as follows.

BBU DIP switches A - 2

A - 2 Lucent Technologies – ProprietarySee notice on first page

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.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................BBU DIP switches

Overview This section describes the procedures to be followed when verifyingthe DIP switch settings in the BBU. Dip switches need to be checked ifa BBU is replaced or moved to a new cell site.

Location of DIP switches There are three sets of dip switches on the back plane of the BBU, asshown in the following diagram.

1

8

1

8

1

8

SKT 11

SKT 9

SKT 10

Bit position

Rear of BBUwith door removed

DIP switch

Dip switch

OpenClosed

Switch position

A - 3Lucent Technologies – ProprietarySee notice on first page

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............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Verify DIP switch settings There can be up to two BBUs associated with a cell site (BBU 1 andBBU 2). The settings of the three DIP switches on the rear of the BBUare different depending on the BBU number.

Remove the rear door of the BBU, and locate the three DIP switchesshown in the diagram on page A - 2.

Verify that the switches are set as shown in the following table. (In theopen position, the switch is pressed down on the right side. In theclosed position, the switch is pressed down to the left side.)

Location Bit position BBU 1 BBU 2

SKT 11 8 Open Open

7 Closed Closed

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Glossary

5ESS® Digital Cellular Switch

A multiple application digital cellular switch (DCS) that manages the connectivitybetween the cell site and the various networks. It supports AMPS, CDMA, GSM,

and TDMA wireless; landline POTS; the intelligent network; operator services;and ISDN.

A Access Manager

Consists of the ECP and the OMP (Operation Management Platform). An AccessManager provides mobility management functionality for its wireless subsidiary

units. Each Access Manager supports the required number of subscribers.

AC-DC rectifier unit

Converts AC input to a single output voltage (24 volts or 48 volts). This outputvoltage is then fed as an input to the DC-DC converter unit.

Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)See AMPS.

AGC (AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTRol)A process or means by which gain is automatically adjusted in a specified manneras a function of input level or another specified parameter. Automatic gain control

amplifiers are often used in a communications receiver to hold various points of thereceiver circuitry at predetermined power levels.

Alarm testing

One of the tests to verify the integrity of the fixed alarms at a cell site, using aUNIX® terminal.

AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Service)Refers to analog (FM) technology radios.

AP (Application Processor)The first generation Application Processor (AP) is a central processing unit (CPU)that provides generic computing facilities to host a wide range of applications in a

Flexent wireless network. The APs perform the call-processing and underlying


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OA&M functions for the base stations in a Flexent network. Pairs of applicationprocessors host the Radio Cluster Server (RCS) application for base stations. The

application processors provide an integrated high-availability hardware andsoftware platform that offers increased reliability, availability, and maintainability

for its subtending network elements.

APC (Application Processor Cluster)The set of all application processors that reside in an APF.

APF (Application Processor Frame)The cabinet that houses the application processors and several other hardware

modules in a Flexent wireless network. The modules are rack-mounted in the APF.The APF is compatible with the Lucent Technologies 5ESS Digital Cellular Switch

(DCS).

Application Processor Cluster (APC)See APC.

Application Processor Frame (APF)See APF.

Application processor

Generic term used to refer to both the first generation AP and the MM-AP.

Application-specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)See ASIC.

apxrcv

Recent Change/Verify command. Use this UNIX command to update and reviewdatabases.

ARCNET (Attached Resource Computer Network)Defines the physical and the data link layer of the OSI protocol stack. An ARCNetsoftware driver located at the host processor interacts directly with the ARCNet

controller hardware and shields the rest of the application from the ARCNethardware.

ASIC (Application-specific Integrated Circuit)An integrated circuit which has been built for a specific application. Manufacturers

use it to consolidate many chips into a single package, reducing system board sizeand power consumption.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)See ATM.

ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)A high bandwidth, controlled-delay, fixed-size packet switching and transmissionsystem. Uses fixed-size packets also known as "cells"; ATM is often referred to as

"cell relay." ATM will provide the basis for future broadband ISDN standards.


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Attached Resource Computer Network (ARCNET)See ARCNET.

AUTOPLEX® System 1000

A cellular platform architecture developed by Lucent Technologies.

B BLST (Board Level Self Test)The first stage of testing, it is invoked from software that resides in boot memory

for each of the processing components in the base station. These tests represent acore set of low-level hardware tests designed to verify the basic functionality of a

processor module.

Board Level Self Test (BLST)See BLST.

C CAD (Cabling Diagrams)Cabling diagrams are part of the schematic drawings set.

Call processing test

A test of the ability of a cell site to process calls. At least one land-to-mobile,

mobile-to-land, and mobile-to-mobile call is placed to ensure that calls are goingthrough the cell site, the transmission lines, and the switch successfully. A mobile

phone call is also placed on every traffic channel element of a cell site. The testverifies trunking to the DCS.

Call processing tests should be performed during off-peak hours when call trafficis low.

CATP (Conditional ATP)Appears when a given module is not available to be tested.

CCU (CDMA Channel Unit)The CCUs provide the channel coding and decoding functions for CDMA.

CDL (Conditional)Priority of craft action applies to remove (rmv) of a maintenance object.

CDMA Channel Unit (CCU)See CCU.

CDMA Radio Controller (CRC)See CRC.

CDMA System Time (CST)See CST.

CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)CDMA uses spread-spectrum digital modulation techniques.


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CE (Channel Element)Voice processing unit that converts between analog and digitally encoded voice

signals.

Cell Site Node (CSN)See CSN

Cell site

An installation located within a cell housing the equipment needed to set up and

complete calls on cellular telephones; for example, FM radio transmitter andreceiver equipment, antennas and computers.

Cell

A geographical area, usually depicted as hexagon-shaped, that is served by a

cellular system. Cellular technology is based on the premise that a group of radiofrequencies used within one cell can be used again in distant cells.

Cellular Geographic Service Area (CGSA)See CGSA.

CGSA (Cellular Geographic Service Area)A basic coverage area served by a cellular system.

Channel Element (CE)See CE.

Channel Service Unit (CSU)See CSU.

CLI (Command Line Interface)Instead of clicking on icons to manipulate files, you type instructions to theoperating system. For contrast see GUI.

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)See CDMA.

Command Line Interface (CLI)See CLI.

CP (Call Processing)Command line argument in the craftshell to perform some action on call

processing.

CPU (Central Processing Unit)1. The portion of a computer that includes circuits controlling the interpretation andexecution of instructions. 2. The portion of a computer that executes programmed

instructions, performs arithmetic and logical functions on data, and controls input/output functions.

CRC (CDMA Radio Controller)In the base station, the major functions performed by the CRC are as follows:


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interface to two T1/E1 lines, transport voice data between CCUs and T1/E1 linesvia the packet bus, control cell hardware via the peripheral bus, and perform cell-

level call processing and OA&M functions.

Craftshell Interface (Technician Interface, TI)Flexible interface that allows technicians to input commands and to retrieve outputmessages from a base station.

CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)The display tube that is used in several computer terminals. Generic reference to aterminal.

Crystal Oscillator (XO)See XO.

CST (CDMA System Time)An ASCII string representing the current timestamp retrieved by the Timing andFrequency Unit (TFU) from the Global Positioning System (GPS) network. CST is

synonymous with GPS time, and is the number of seconds elapsed since January 6,1980, 00:00:00 UTC (uncorrected for leap seconds).

CSU (Channel Service Unit)Provides two major functions: it serves as an interface between the network and the

customer premises equipment (CPE), and it provides an additional set ofmanufacturer-specific features.

D Data Link

A time slot that can route through several T1/E1 spans for controlling a cell site.

DCS-1800

A DCS working in the 1800-MHz range.

DC-DC converter unit

Converts a single DC input to the several DC ouput voltages required by the BBU

circuit packs. The input DC can be obtained from the AC-DC rectifier unit or froman external DC source.

DCS (Digital Cellular Switch)The AUTOPLEX System 1000 switch that terminates all voice trunks in thecellular system (for example, 5ESS Switch).

DFI (Digital Facilities Interface)A DS1 board, located in Series II cell sites, that contains either one or two T1/E1

facilities. It is a circuit pack used as a T1\E1 interface for cell site and DCSequipment.

DI (Diagnostic Image)The DI is a set of testing and diagnostic instructions that is downloaded to the


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appropriate boards and stored in their respective NVM.

Diagnostic Image (DI)See DI.

Diagnostic testing

A set of tests performed to check cell site equipment and verify that no equipmentis out of service (OOS).

Directory

A collection of related files on a computer.

DS0 (Digital Signal, level 0)The lowest level of signal in the digital hierarchy. A DS0 consists of a digital signalof 64 kbps.

DS1 (Digital Signal, level 1)A signal that consists of 24 DS0 channels. The DS0 channels are combined by timemultiplexing. A DS1 signal has a bandwidth of 1.544 Mbps. A T1/E1 facility or

span carries a DS1 signal.

DS2 (Digital Signal, level 2)For a T1 line, a 6.312-Mbps channel that consists of four DS1 channels; for an E1line, an 8.45-Mbps channel that consists of four DS1 channels.

DS3 line

A 44.736-Mbps line consisting of seven DS2 channels. A DS3 line is also calleda T3 line.

E E1

A four-wire voice and data trunking facility that carries 30 duplex channels in 64-kbps time slices. E1 facilities are standard for digital telecommunications in all

continents except for North America.

ECP (Executive Cellular Processor)A Lucent Technologies 3B21D computer and its associated input/output devices,which controls system operations. The ECP is responsible for mobility

management, call processing, system maintenance, technical interfaces, andsystem integrity.

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)See ESD.

Element Management System (EMS)See EMS.

EMS (Element Management System)The EMS is used for configuration of managed objects and to execute commands


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from the EMS Graphical User Interface (EMS-GUI) or Command Line Interface(CLI).

ESD (Electrostatic Discharge)A transfer of electric charge between bodies of different electrostatic potential in

proximity or through direct contact. Proper electrostatic discharge (ESD) practicesmust be followed whenever handling circuit packs or working inside a cell cabinet.

Executive Cellular Processor (ECP)See ECP.

F FER (Frame Error Rate)The FER is defined as the number of frames with errors divided by the total numberof frames transmitted. This provides a way to measure the quality of voice calls.

FFS (flash file system)The FFS device mimics a hard disk, and in doing so, supports basic file I/O

capabilities (open/close, read/write, compress/uncompress, create/delete directory,etc.). These FFS capabilities allow for some degree of sophistication – especially

in terms of economy – in the way software images are maintained in NVM, on thebasis of not only whole generics but also selective portions of generics.

Field Replaceable Unit (FRU)A component that can be replaced in the field.

Flash File System (FFS)See FFS.

Flexent Mobility Server (FMS)Platform that supports multiple call processing and mobility management

applications for 3G networks.

Flywheel

The TFU relies on the GPS unit to regulate the 15-MHz signal from the OM, andto provide the 1 pulse/second and the UTC time signals. If the GPS unit loses lock

on the GPS satellites, it relies on the OM to provide a timebase until satellite lockcan be reacquired. This reliance on the OM is referred to as flywheeling.

FMS (Flexent Mobility Server)See Flexent Mobility Server.

FOM (Fiberoptic Module)The FOM provides fiberoptic interfacing between the RFU and BBU.

FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)A specialized microprocessor that has no physical connections between its logic

gates when manufactured, but has potential connections which can be made by aprogrammer/user.


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Frame Error Rate (FER)See FER.

FRU (Field Replaceable Unit)See Field Replaceable Unit.

FS (Functional Schematics)A portion of the schematic drawings set.

G General Purpose Instruments Bus (GPIB)See GPIB

GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter)An electrical/mechanical device which will automatically disconnect when a

difference in current is detected.

Global Positioning System (GPS)See GPS

GPIB (General Purpose Interface Bus)General Purpose Interface Bus is the common name for the communication

interface system defined in ANSI/IEEE Standards 488.1-1987 and 488.2-1987.

GPS (Global Positioning System)A space-based radio positioning/navigation system of 18 satellites providingworldwide, extremely accurate, 3-D position and velocity information coordinated

with universal time.

Graphical User Interface (GUI)See GUI.

Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)See GFCI.

GUI (Graphical User Interface)Pronounced "gooey." A software interface based on pictorial representations andmenus of operations and files. Opposite of command line interface.

H Hardware Error Handler (HEH)See HEH.

HDLC (High-level Data Link Control)This process monitors a received bit stream until a flag character (a string of sixones) is read. It then interprets the following bits as an LAPD frame until a trailing

flag character is received. Bit destuffing is performed when indicated, and a CRCcheck is done on the received frame. The converse is performed in the transmit

direction.

HEH (Hardware Error Handler)Automatic recovery actions at the cell site are done through the hardware error


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handler (HEH) software subsystem. HEH receives error reports from hardwareboards, functional tests, and call-processing software. It determines when a

recovery action (restore, remove) is needed and then issues a request to carry outthe action.

High-level Data Link Control (HDLC)See HDLC

I IMACS Screen

The login screen for the Acculink Access Controller (AAC).

Integration testing

The process of ensuring the cell site is functioning properly under the control of theswitching center via data transmission lines.

Integration

The final process of system installation prior to RF performance (cluster) testing.

Interprocess Message Switch (IMS )See IMS.

K kbps

Abbreviation for kilobits per second.

L LAC (Linear Amplifier Circuit)Amplifier used in Series II cell sites for radio signal amplification. The reference

has been carried forward to refer to amplifiers in the computer interfaces for latercell products.

Landline

A telephone accessed by land-line media.

Landline POTS

The Plain Old Telephone Service

Line Interface Unit (LIU)See LIU.

LIU (Line Interface Unit)The LIU handles the low-level High-Level Data link Control (HDLC) protocol

processing of the packet pipes and signaling links. The LIU is part of the CRC inthe base station.

G L O S S A R YG L - 1 0

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LNA (Low Noise Amplifier)The LNAs provide low-noise preamplification of signals received from each of the

receive antennas after they have passed through the receive bandpass filters.

Low Noise Amplifier (LNA)See LNA.

M Main Cluster Controller (MCC)See MCC

Maintenance Unit (MU)A component that can be removed and restored to service by a technician.

MCC (Main Cluster Controller)The MCC is located in the CRC and controls the devices that hang off the MCCprocessor bus. Various functions provided by the MCC include: different timers,

dual serial controller, programmable interrupt controller, loss of clock detection,SDRAM controller, Ethernet controller, 10Base-T transceiver, programmable user

I/O port, and software trap feature for monitoring bus access to specified memoryregion.

MCRT (Maintenance CRT)Location from which maintenance and craft interface activity is controlled.

Measurement Module (MM)The MM provides the ability to verify the RF paths and the functionality of theCDMA system.

MEM

Memory Board.

MIN (Mobile Identification Number)The 34-bit number that is a digital representation of the 10-digit number assignedto a mobile station.

MM-AP (Mobility Manager Application Processor)Second generation application processor based on the Flexent Mobility Server

(FMS) platform. The MM-AP takes over certain applications performed by theECP and its ring nodes, enhancing the performance of both the ECP and the

applications.

Mobile Switching Center (MSC)See MSC.

Mobility Manager Application Processor (MM-AP)See MM-AP.

MOST (Mobile Station Test)When used as a test station, the MOST mobile unit enables the technician to testcell-to-mobile unit call processing interface and to check the audio quality on all


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the radio voice channels on a given antenna face. When this feature is used, aMOST call is established over a radio channel, enabling the technician to test

specific call processing functions over that radio channel. This works in concertwith the functional tests and CTRM.

MSC (Mobile Switching Center)All of the control and switching elements for a cellular system are contained at the

MSC. For an AUTOPLEX System 1000, the MSC consists of the ECP, the CNI/IMS ring, and the 5ESS DCS.

MU (Maintenance Unit)See Maintenance Unit.

N NAM (Number Assignment Module)A set of MIN/IMSI-related parameters stored in the mobile station.

Network Interface

The demarcation between the LEC infrastructure and the Customer PremisesEquipment (CPE). Equipment located at this point is intended to allow the LEC to

determine whether transmission problems are within the network itself or the CPE.

Non-Volatile Memory (NVM)See NVM.

Number Assignment Module (NAM)See NAM.

NVM (Non-Volatile Memory)NVM is a type of memory that maintains its data contents across resets and powercycles. It is useful for storing configuration information across sessions.

O OA&M

See Operation, Administration, and Maintenance.

OM (Oscillator Module)See XO.

OMP (Operation Management Platform)This component provides a centralized point of access for wireless systems’

operation and maintenance. The OMP provides a dedicated processor from whichsystem operators can perform multiple operation, administration, and maintenance

(OA&M) tasks simultaneously.

The OMP is a separate dedicated processor and the Access Manager is off-loaded

from the processor. Therefore, OMP can perform dedicated call processing andoptional feature functions. The OMP supports service measurement data, read-only

printer (ROP) stream re-direction to the OMP, disk storage, and recent change and


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verify (RC/V).

OOS (Out of Service)A service state for equipment and ports indicating the unit in question is inactive,cut off, or isolated.

Operation, Administration, and Maintenance

See OA&M. Generic name given to functions such as technical interfaces,

diagnostics, service measurements, and status reports.

Operation Management Platform (OMP)See OMP.

P Packet Pipe (PP)See PP.

PCBR (Pre-distortion CDMA Baseband Radio)Receives the digitally combined baseband forward signal from the CCUs and

converts it to a low power level, modulated RF signal

PCS (Personal Communications Services)A networking system which provides secure digital wireless communications in a

high frequency range, around 1900 MHz. It uses small low-powered base stations,and lightweight and compact personal communicators.

PCSC (PCS Switching Center)Consists of a 5ESS Switch and Access Manager. Provides the control andswitching elements for PCS CDMA systems.

PCU (Power Converter Unit)The Power Converter Unit (PCU) in the RFU converts supplied AC or DC input toDC at several voltage levels for the RFU.

PDA (Power Distribution Assembly)The circuit breakers in the base station.

Peripheral Bus

A low speed (312 kbps) serial bus used to carry control messages between the LIU/MC and the cell components. Intended primarily for communicating with non-

CCU components (CBRs, RFDUs, etc.).

PHV (Protocol Handler - Voice)The PHV receives packets from the packet pipe (via the FRPHs) and converts thevariable length packets into PCM voice, then sends them via the TSI to the PSTN.

The PHV can receive packets from multiple cell sites during a soft handoff viaseparate FRPHs. In the reverse direction, PCM voice received (from the TSI) at the

PHV is converted into variable length packets.


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PN (Pseudo-noise)A noise-like code used in the encryption and decryption of CDMA signals.

Power Converter Unit (PCU)See PCU

Power Distribution Assembly (PDA)See PDA

PP (Packet Pipe)A special trunk used to send packet-sized voice and data between a given CDMA

Cluster Controller (CCC) at the cell site and the DCS speech handlers at the switch.

Pre-distortion Radio Frequency Board (PRFB)Component within the PCBR that allows for the incorporation of digital pre-distortion

Pre-distortion Radio Interface Module (PRIM)Component within the PCBR that allows for the integration of the receive pathsLNAs

Protocol Handler - Voice (PHV)See PHV

PSA (Pilot Sync Access)Supervision channels sharing a channel element in the base station.

Pseudo-noise (PN)See PN

PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network)The worldwide telephone network.

R RC/V (Recent Change and Verify System)Provides the user interface to the database management system.

RCF (Radio Channel Frame)This is a Series II cell site frame that houses the processor and/or radio equipment.

RCS (Radio Cluster Server)Each RCS application provides call processing and OA&M functionality.

Read-only Printer (ROP)See ROP.

Remote Maintenance Tool (RMT)See RMT.

RF (cluster test) team

Same as RF performance team.


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RF performance team

Same as RF (cluster test) team.

RF (Radio Frequency)The electromagnetic wave used for, among other things, cellular voice and data

communications.

RL (Retry Later)The system is unavailable to accept the command at this time.

RMT (Remote Maintenance Tool)The RMT-based diagnostics and testing mode is designed to facilitate the

performance of maintenance tasks through a “point-and-click” graphical interface.The RMT is connected to the base station through the Maintenance Test port.

ROP (Read-only Printer)A continuous listing of all system activities.

RSP (RTU Switch Panel)It provides routine diagnostics by exercising all channel elements and RadioFrequency (RF) paths.

S SCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface)A peripheral device high-speed bus, defined by ANSI standard X2.131-1986.

Mostly used for harddisk, scanner, and streamer interfaces.

SCSM (Selectable Cell Site Messaging)This optional feature allows the technician to have all output messages associatedwith a specific cell site routed to a specific terminal.

SD (Schematic Drawing)SDs are multipage documents that support particular applications. Of directinterest to maintenance personnel will be the SDs that relate to cabling and

connections. These SDs document the circuit paths used in troubleshooting.

SDP (Status Display Page)SDPs, sometimes referred to as cartoon pages, graphically represent the hardware

and software subsystems of the base station site and of the various components ofthe MSC.

Selectable Cell Site Messaging (SCSM)See SCSM.

Series II Advanced Mobile Phone Service

See AMPS.

Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI)See SCSI.


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Status Display Page (SDP)See SDP.

T T1 span

A T1 span (DS1) contains twenty-four 56-kbps time slots capable of handling 24standard TDM voice trunks.

T1

A four-wire voice and data trunking facility that carries 24 duplex channels over

56-kbps time slots.

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/internet Protocol)The pair of protocols and also a generic name for the suite of tools and protocols

that form the basis for the Internet. Originally developed to connect systems to theARPANET.

TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)TDMA divides each carrier frequency into a number of time slots, each of whichconstitutes an independent telephone circuit. Current North American digital

systems use TDMA.

TFU (Timing And Frequency Unit)The TFU is the frequency reference and CDMA time-base unit that synchronizesthe base station with the other base stations in the CDMA network.

TI (Technician Interface)See Craftshell Interface

Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)See TDMA.

Timing And Frequency Unit (TFU)See TFU.

Translations

The base station uses translations to access data stored centrally at the ECP. ECP

translations retrieves data from the application databases, formats them intotranslations messages, and sends them to the requesting base station(s). The RCC

receives these messages, and stores them in write-protected local memory. Sub-systems of the base station may access the data through RCC translations macros.

Transmission Control Protocol/internet Protocol (TCP/IP)See TCP/IP.

Transmit amplifier

The transmit amplifier provides RF power amplification.


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U UCL (Unconditional)Priority of craft action which often applies to remove (rmv) and restore (rst). It issometimes pronounced "uncle".

UNIX

Computer operating system developed at Bell Laboratories and used for the

technician interface. UNIX is not an acronym (it was a pun on MIT's MULTICS).

UTMOST (User Talk MOST)See MOST (-10).

V VCSA (Voice Channel Selection Activity)VCSA measurements provide detailed information about traffic movement within

a cellular system by recording the occurrences of a set of predefined call-processing events at specified cell sites.

Voice Channel Selection Activity (VCSA)See VCSA.

X XO (Crystal Oscillator)The XO OM is an oscillator that provides a highly stable, 15-MHz frequency

reference over temperature variations expected within the base station.