CELL DIVISION &

CELL CYCLE Ms.Tanyaratana Dumkua

Biology Department, MahidolWittayanusorn School

http://www.nehirbt.com.tr/wp-content/uploads/hucree.jpg

Why do cells divide?

Growth : make an organism larger and more complex

Development : cell differentiation

Decrease : small size cells Repair : tissues that were

damaged Replace : lost/ broken down cells Reproduce : to make more cells

or organisms

https://www.caricord.com/images/image.jpg

What is happening in divided cell?

http://deskarati.com/2012/09/06/what-is-the-difference-between-mitosis-and-binary-fission/

Prokaryotic division & Eukaryotic division

Differences Chromosome : shape Chromosome : number Nucleus Organelles

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Conical_flask.svg/2000px-Conical_flask.svg.png

Bacteria

Paramecium

Time = 0 min Time = 18 Hour

A

B

C

D

Which flask have

increasing cells?

http://cdn.biologydiscussion.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/clip_image002_thumb100.jpg

Binary Fission : Bacterial Reproduction

http://res.publicdomainfiles.com/pdf_view/1/13489039218329.jpg

Why do the new cells look similar?

https://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/chemistry/research/arodgergroup/people/msrgbg/current_research/2.png

Karyokinesis & Cytokinesis

http://slideplayer.com/slide/9380130/28/images/3/Bacterial+cells+divide+by+binary+fission..jpg

https://image.slidesharecdn.com/52ch11mitosis2008-121101125309-phpapp02/95/52-ch11mitosis2008-42-638.jpg?cb=1351774592

1 Origin of Replication 1 Chromosome = 1n (Monoploid)

http://www.studyandscore.com/images_all/1_Study%20material/Life%20sciences/Zoology/Protozoa/Paramecium_Binary_fission.png

Binary Fission : Protists’ Reproduction

Karyokinesis & Cytokinesis http://www.smartlearning.in/Virtual/CommunityQuestions/Answers//80921_A.jpeg

Karyokinesis

https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ygIL44flffA/WBthPHDUv7I/AAAAAAAABo4/XsI82YWPnn0eWKE-t_klAL2i1paZlFFDgCLcB/s1600/binary-fission-in-amoeba-and-budding-in-yeast.JPG

In nucleus : a linear chromosome with many origins of replication http://i68.servimg.com/u/f68/17/30/76/23/replic16.png

http://bio1151b.nicerweb.net/Locked/media/ch12/12_04ChromosomeDuplicat.jpg

Karyokinesis

How many chromosomes in one nucleus?

http://ib.bioninja.com.au/_Media/diploid-number_med.jpeg

Most are diploid (2n) but some are not.

http://plantbreeding.coe.uga.edu/images/e/e5/Table_5_1.jpg https://www.istockphoto.com/th/photo/wheat-gm490861312-75445347?esource=SEO_GIS_CDN_Redirect https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/41-S8XItikL.jpg

Which kind of this cell? A. Monoploid (n = 6) B. Diploid (2n = 6) C. Triploid (3n = 6)

Which kind of this cell? A. Monoploid (n = 9) B. Diploid (2n = 9) C. Triploid (3n = 9)

Which kind of this cell? A. Monoploid (n = 6) B. Diploid (2n = 6) C. Triploid (3n = 6)

Please draw 3 cells in your paper, First one is monoploid (n = 4), another one is diploid (2n =8),

the last one is tetraploid (4n =8).

?

Eukaryotic cell has many linear chromosomes, so, the karyokinesis of eukaryote is quite different from prokaryote.

https://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/spindle.gif https://qph.ec.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-b3c5bf276911d82d0853564a48ec1ebf-c

Spindle fiber : microtubule : tubulin

https://image.slidesharecdn.com/12lecturesppt-110928011557-phpapp02/95/cell-cycle-21-728.jpg?cb=1317172683

https://www.cabarrus.k12.nc.us/cms/lib/NC01910456/Centricity/Domain/7718/nrm3819-f3.jpg

Cell Cycle

http://aricsgeneticsstudyguide.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/7/1/13713480/462291423.gif

MITOSIS

Nucleolus Centrosome

Nuclear membrane Spindle fiber

Plasma membrane

http://images.tutorvista.com/cms/images/123/cell-cycle.jpeg

Cell Cycle

Cytokinesis Karyokinesis Interphase Mitotic phase

Interphase

https://sites.google.com/site/celldivisionhotran/_/rsrc/1338563425821/regulation-of-cell-cycle/cell_cycle.jpg?height=318&width=320 https://i.pinimg.com/originals/23/5f/cd/235fcdadbead442269f03f539a475708.jpg http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab3/images/interpha.gif

https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSAbVlIeXZz8KDtYcxFMmbxWj2Y8ke2Y4Db6817hJdRJR3XPCJ8

Interphase

Prophase

http://www.baileybio.com/plogger/thumbs/lrg-205-prophase_-_animal_cell__whitefish_blastula_.jpg http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab3/images/prophase.gif

- Chromatin condenses into chromosome (chromosome packing) - Nucleolus disappear - Separation of centrosome - Formation of the mitotic spindle

https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mitosisfinal-120321121814-phpapp02/95/mitosis-final-25-728.jpg?cb=1332335109 https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQAT6ZxG0i14Vl-78FQPZ5It4wWo2MMqrXvJGUb19qjvO5l6wGG

Prophase

Metaphase

http://www.baileybio.com/plogger/thumbs/lrg-203-metaphase_-_animal_cell__whitefish_blastula_.jpg http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab3/images/metaphas.gif

Chromosomes line up along metaphase plate or equatorial plate (imaginary plane) At late metaphase, centromere divides, preparing to separate chromatids

https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTc2bdcPuOxN_qkDnNMuYUkQrXOX8wj1h1TlPZMj3DoITTNwpCg

Metaphase

Chromosomes break at centromeres, and daughter chromosomes (1csister chromatids) move to opposite ends of the cell.

http://mitosis3.weebly.com/uploads/1/5/8/9/15891748/2514830.gif?456

Anaphase

http://www.baileybio.com/plogger/thumbs/lrg-199-anaphase_-_animal_cell__whitefish_blastula_.jpg

https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTrlP3reXntN1KfEVBWVnXLkA_ZP_bZCUdEzKHRC2JKb1IubLy_ https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRTRbDvMilCdoraxyNbIZN57erGHp_GbLY4RQg2SEX2wQNLO4Am

Anaphase

Telophase & Cytokinesis

http://www.baileybio.com/plogger/thumbs/lrg-207-telophase_-_animal_cell__whitefish_blastula_.jpg http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab3/images/telophas.gif

- Nuclear membrane reforms, nucleoli reappear, chromosome unwind into chromatin - Myosin II and actin filament ring contact to cleavage cell in two.

https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR_QL0asP7lvf8d2m8NuY4UXtgiI1lFTE45Y0Pe0aqbocyxMZpK

Telophase

http://www.zo.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/images/12.8.jpg

Cytokinesis

Cleavage furrow : microfilament Cell plate : pectin and cellulose

Please draw 2 cells, one is 2n=4 at metaphase

and another one is 2n=6 at anaphase

https://getrevising.co.uk/https_proxy/10558

Amount of DNA in cell cycle

2n=4

MEIOSIS

http://3ubio.weebly.com/uploads/1/6/8/1/16813674/2068453_orig.jpg

https://image.slidesharecdn.com/meiosis-100930222452-phpapp02/95/meiosis-2-728.jpg?cb=1285885557

Stages of Meiosis

Meiosis I Meiosis II

https://pumatrendbio.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/9/7/60977291/398998105.png

Meiosis I

http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/meiosis/images/meinter.gif

Interphase of meiosis I

http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/meiosis/proi.html

Prophase I

https://www.biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/N100H/images/9pro1.gif

http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/meiosis/metai.html

Metaphase I

http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/meiosis/anai.html

Anaphase I

http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/meiosis/teloi.html

Telophase I

http://cmapspublic3.ihmc.us/servlet/SBReadResourceServlet?rid=1176137458406_809736672_12482

Meiosis II

http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/meiosis/proii.html

Prophase II

http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/meiosis/metaii.html

Metaphase II

http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/meiosis/anaii.html

Anaphase II

http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/meiosis/teloii.html

Telophase II

https://i.pinimg.com/736x/47/3c/fa/473cfa8ca680bc84b47e895f6c9e8bef--cell-biology-science-biology.jpg

Meiosis I

https://i.pinimg.com/736x/47/3c/fa/473cfa8ca680bc84b47e895f6c9e8bef--cell-biology-science-biology.jpg

Meiosis II

https://quantumartreview.files.wordpress.com/2014/10/0001.jpg

A B

C

D

Which stages of these cells?

A

D C

B

E

Which stages of these cells?

https://i.pinimg.com/originals/ae/2a/ac/ae2aacbde4878b4f90dc0133baeecec2.jpg

https://i.ytimg.com/vi/-DLGfd-Wpr4/sddefault.jpg http://image.slidesharecdn.com/13meiosisandsexuallifecycles-130311053433-phpapp02/95/13-meiosis-and-sexual-life-cycles-18-638.jpg%3Fcb%3D1362980157

Gamete formation

https://legacy.owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat2/notes/gametogenesis.jpg

http://eweb.furman.edu/~wworthen/bio111/5meiosis17.jpg

https://www.biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/N100/images/meiosis2cropped.jpg

Crossing over & Gene Segregation

http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/meiosis/geneseg2.html http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/meiosis/geneseg1.html

https://cdn.thinglink.me/api/image/647554954260643841/1240/10/scaletowidth

Difference between mitosis and meiosis

http://homepages.gac.edu/~cellab/chpts/chpt11/Images/fig11_2.gif

Amount of DNA in Cell Cycle