Cell Energy:PHOTOSYNTHESIS + CELL ENERGY

PHOTOSYNTHESIS:How can we classify organisms in how they get energy?

In what ways do organisms get energy?

What is the formula for photosynthesis? How does it work?

What Factors effect Photosnthesis?

RESPIRATION:What are the two types of Respiration?

What is the formula for Respiration? How does it work?

What Factors effect Respiration?

KEY CONCEPTS

How can we classify organisms in how they get energy?

Autotrophs

• Also called producers

• What process do autotrophs use to make food?

• What are some examples of autotrophs?

HETEROTROPHS• Also called consumers

• How do heterotrophs get their food?

• What are some examples of heterotrophs?

Energy for Life

Photosynthesis• Define: Process that

converts sunlight energy into sugar (_______________) in plants.

Respiration• DEFINE: process that

converts glucose in sugar into usable energy for cells

Two biological processes are needed to create usable energy for organisms

Two biological processes are needed to create usable energy for organisms

Which process(es) do autotrophs use and which process(es) do heterotrophs use?

ATP & Energy• Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) = energy storage molecule

• Cells use ATP for Growth and Maintanance and HOMEOSTASIS!

adenine ribose three phosphate groups

ATPHOW DOES ATP POWER OUR CELLS?• ATP stores energy in the

bonds between the phosphate groups

• When a bond is broken energy is released

HERE IS HOW IT WORKS:

• The chemical equation for breaking an ATP molecule is:

Chloroplasts: a plant organelle that carries out Photosynthesis

Chloroplasts are like:mini solar panels that capture sunlight energy to make glucose!What makes them green?

What is a pigment?• natural substance that gives

color to animals and plants• Absorb and reflect wavelengths

of light • We see the reflected color

What colors of light does chlorophyll reflect? Absorb?

Pigments

What are all the colors of visible light?

PigmentsWHAT ARE OTHER PIGMENTS CALLED?

Photosynthesis

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + sunlight C6H12O6 + 6O2

What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

The 2 Stages of Photosynthesis

1. Light Reactions• Light enters Chlorophyll in Chloroplast

and excites electrons• H2O is Split into H and O2• ATP & NADPH is made

2. Dark Reactions• AKA: Calvin Cycle• CO2 + H +NADPH and ATP are made into

GLUCOSE and more CO2

• What is the difference between these two stages?

Factors Affecting Photosynthesis

• Light Intensity – the more light the faster the rate of photosynthesis.

• CO2 Concentration – the more CO2, the faster the rate of photosynthesis.

• Temperature – rate of photosynthesis slows down at extremes of hot or cold.

Cellular Respiration

Respiration

• Respiration – the biochemical process that converts glucose made in photosynthesis into ATP

• Occurs in both autotrophs and heterotrophs.

AND

Respiration

Two Types of Respiration• AEROBIC and ANAEROBIC.

• Aerobic respiration requires OXYGEN to make ATP energy.

• The chemical equation for aerobic respiration is:C6H1206 + 6O2 6H2O + 6CO2 + 36 ATP

Respiration• Anaerobic respiration DOES NOT REQUIRE

OXYGEN. (Also called FERMENTATION)

• Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration

START with the same process…GLYCOLYSIS

Glycolysis

• Occurs in CYTOPLASM

• The chemical equation for glycolysis is:C6H12O6 + 2ATP 2 Pyruvic acid + 4ATP

• Means “split the sugar,”

Aerobic Respiration

• Occurs in the MITOCHONDRIA1. Pyruvic acid eventually made into H+, CO2,

and ATP.2. The H+ ions bond to other molecules and

end up making 34 more ATP.

3. 2 ATP (Glycolysis) + 34 ATP (aerobic) = 36 ATP

Anaerobic Respiration

• Occurs in the CYTOPLASM.• Both processes result in the production of

only 2 ATP MOLECULES.

Factors Affecting Respiration:• ATP concentration - the more ATP molecules

available, the slower the rate of respiration.

Anaerobic Respiration in Plants/Bacteria/Fungi (OCCURS IN CYTOPLASM)

Summary of anaerobic respiration in plants:1.Pyruvate goes through alcoholic fermentation2.Pyruvate converted to alcohol and carbon dioxide3.No additional ATP is createdWhat useful materials can be made from alcoholic

fermentation?- Yeast undergoes alcoholic fermentation in the process of making wine and beer.

Anaerobic Respiration in Animals(OCCURS IN CYTOPLASM)

Summary of anaerobic respiration in animals:1.Pyruvate goes through lactic acid fermentation2.Pyruvate converted to lactic acid and carbon dioxide3.No additional ATP is created

How does lactic acid fermentation affect us? - Lactic acid can build up in muscles when they run out of oxygen and causes muscle soreness

Aerobic Vs. Anaerobic Respiration

Process Location Reactants Products

Glycolysis

Aerobic respiration

Lactic acid fermentation

Alcoholic fermentation

Summary of Cellular Respiration

HOW ARE PHOTOSINTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION RELATED?