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Photosynthesis
All organisms use energy to carry out the functions of life.
Agenda
Go over Vocabulary Definitions Photosynthesis Web Activity Notes: Photosynthesis-light & pigments Worksheet: Absorption of Chlorophyll
What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis?
What are the colors of the visible light spectrum?
In what cellular organelle does photosynthesis take place?
Why is photosynthesis important?How is the process of photosynthesis in C4, C3, and CAM plants different?
Importance of Photosynthesis Transforms sunlight energy into chemical energy
stored in molecules (bonds) Bond energy within triose phosphate formed in
photosynthesis is transferred between organisms within the food pyramid (more energy at bottom than top) Triose phosphate (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate) is
converted to carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids
Photosynthesis releases oxygen to atmosphere
Reactants Sunlight Water Carbon dioxide
ProductsTriose phosphate (Glucose)
Oxygen
H2O + CO2 + light energy (C6H12O6)+ O2
Capturing the Light “Light dependent reactions” take place in
chloroplast
found in mesophyll
of leaf. Grana within
thylakoid membrane Stroma-solution
Surrounding grana
Light and Pigments Sun light appears white, but it is actually
composed of a variety of colors called the Visible Spectrum.
Light can be reflected, absorbed or transmitted by an object.
Pigment absorb light, therefore the light reflected or transmitted no longer appears white
Peaks indicateLight absorbed
Trough where light is reflected
The color you see is what is reflected.
Ex. Chlorophyll (a,b) absorbs blue and red light, but reflects green light
Review
Complete the Absorption of Chlorophyll Worksheet
What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis?What are the colors of the visible light spectrum?In what cellular organelle does photosynthesis take place? Why is photosynthesis important?
Agenda
Review Light Absorption Review Vocabulary Notes: Structure of Leaf & pigment Complete Pigments & Light Absorption PSSA Worksheet
How does the structure of a chloroplast lead to light absorption?
What are the variety of pigments found in the thylakoid of a chloroplast?
Structure of Leaf Leaves are a plant's main photosynthetic
organs. Gases and water vapor come in and out of
a leaf through its stoma.
Epidermis Outer layer which produces a waxy waterproof
coating. undersurface produces guard cells, which swell and
shrink to close and open the pores (stomata) which control the loss of water vapor (transpiration) and the entry of carbon dioxide.
Mesophyll contain the photosynthetic cells of the leaf.
long columnar cells nearer the surface (palisade parenchyma)
looser irregular cells beneath (the spongy mesophyll parenchyma).
Log onto:
Select: #4 Structure of a Leaf#6 Chloroplast Structure
http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/photosynth/intro.html
Chloroplast Pigments Within the thylakoid
are a variety of pigments. Chlorophyll a-
yellow/green Chlorophyll b-
blue/green Carotenoids - orange
Each pigment absorbs a different wavelength of light.
Chlorophyll a is directly involved in the light reactions of photosynthesis
Chlorophyll b and carotenoids are considered to be accessory pigments, assisting Chlorophyll a in capturing light energy.
Review
Complete Pigments & Light Absorption PSSA Worksheet
How does the structure of a chloroplast lead to light absorption?What are the variety of pigments found in the thylakoid of a chloroplast?
Agenda
Vocabulary Quiz Notes: Photolysis & light Reaction Complete Section 6-1 Review Worksheet
& Photosynthesis PSSA Worksheet
What occurs during photolysis?
How does the structure of a photosystem lead to it function?
What is the main purpose of the light dependent phase of photosynthesis?
Photolysis
Splitting of water molecules Oxygen is released through stomata H+ picked up by NADP and pumped through
thylakoid to stroma for Calvin cycle Carbon Dioxide is absorbed through
stomata and used in the Calvin cycle
Light Dependent Phase-thylakoid Groups of chlorophyll and carotenoid
pigment molecules are found in the thylakoid membrane Photosystem I Photosystem II
Accessory pigment molecules in both photosystems absorb light energy causing electrons to become excited.
Energy is passed within the photosystem through pigment molecules to chlorophyll a
Electron Transport Chain
Aided by enzymes, therefore affected by temperature Excited electrons leave chlorophyll a molecules to a
primary electron acceptor in the stroma of the chloroplast
Electron acceptor donates electrons to a series of molecules located in the thylakoid
allowing protons(H+) to move into the thylakoid
Electron Transport Chain cont.
Photosystem I electrons are replaced by electrons from Photosystem II Photosystem II gets the electrons from
splitting water, for every 2 water split, 4 electrons are available
If this did not happen, photosynthesis would stop
Chemiosmosis/ATP Synthase Relies on a concentration gradient of
protons across the thylakoid membrane. Protons are pushed through ATP Synthase
in the thylaloid membrane Adds a phosphate group to ADP making
ATP
Review
Complete Section 6-1 Review Worksheet Complete Photosynthesis & Light
Absorption PSSA Worksheet
What occurs during photolysis?How does the structure of a photosystem lead to it function?What is the main purpose of the light dependent phase of photosynthesis?
Agenda
Review Lab: Plant Stoma Notes: Light Independent Phase &
Alternative Pathways Complete Biochemistry of Photosynthesis
PSSA Worksheet
What is the main purpose of the light independent phase of photosynthesis?
How is the process of photosynthesis in C4, C3, and CAM plants different?
Light Independent Phase Also called the Calvin Cycle Produces organic compounds, using the energy stored in ATP
and NADPH in the light reactions and carbon dioxide Steps
CO2 diffuses into stroma combining with an enzyme (RuBP), the molecule is split and becomes 3-PGA
Each PGA is converted to another molecule(3-phosphate) in a 2 part step One receives a P from ATP, and the other receives a
Proton (H+) from NADPH One G3P leaves to make carbohydrates One is converted back to RuBP to be used again
Summary
Carried out by Plants C3 plants.
because the CO2 is first incorporated into a 3-carbon compound. Stomata are open during the day. Photosynthesis takes place throughout the leaf. Most plants are C3.
C4 plants. because the CO2 is first incorporated into a 4-carbon compound. Stomata are partially open during hottest part of the day. into the plant very quickly, and then it "delivers" the CO2 directly to
RUBISCO for photosynthesis. Photosynthesis takes place in inner cells Ex. Corn, Sugar Cane, Crab grass
CAM plants. CAM stands for Crassulacean Acid Metabolism because the CO2 is stored in the form of an acid before use in
photosynthesis. Stomata open at night (when evaporation rates are usually lower) and are
usually closed during the day. CAM plants include many succulents such as cactus, agaves, bromeliads and also some orchids
Review What is the main purpose of the calvin
cycle of photosynthesis?
•Complete Biochemistry of Photosynthesis PSSA Worksheet