Cell

Ener

gy

Stor

age

and

Use

• Cells need energy for cell movement and for making proteins. They need to use food and get rid of waste. Cell growth and Repair also takes energy.

All Organisms must break down food to

get energy

The Two Important Cell Structure Involve In Breaking food to energy:

1.) Mitochondria2.) Chloroplast

The Mitochondria • Mitochondria are the cell's power producers. They convert energy into forms that are usable by the cell. Located in the cytoplasm, they are the sites of cellular respiration which ultimately generates fuel for the cell's activities. Mitochondria are also involved in other cell processes such as cell division and growth, as well as cell death.

• The chloroplast, basically, is the organelle responsible for photosynthesis. Structurally it is very similar to the mitochondrion. It contains a permeable outer membrane, a less permeable inner membrane, a intermembrane space, and an inner section called the stroma. However, the chloroplast is larger than the mitochondria. It needs to have the larger size because its membrane is not folded into cristae. Also the inner membrane is not used for the electron transport chain. Instead it contains the light-absorbing system, the electron transport chain, and ATP synthetase in a third membrane that forms a series of flattened discs, called the thylakoids.

• Only Algae and Green Plants have the ability to make food. All organisms depend for the food from algae and green plants. Algae and green plants food making depends on the amount of sunlight, water, carbon dioxide, and minerals available. They make food through the process PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

Respiration

RESPIRATION Glycolysis

Glycolysis literally means "sugar-splitting." In glycolysis, the six-carbon sugar glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvate, also called pyruvic acid. This process produces a net gain of two ATP molecules. The resulting molecules of pyruvate each have three carbon atoms. Glycolysis takes place in the cell's cytoplasm. The remainder of cellular respiration takes place in organelles called mitochondria.

The Krebs CycleThe Krebs Cycle takes place in the fluid-filled area inside the inner membrane of the mitochondria known as the matrix. Some ATP and other energy carrying molecules are produced here. The gas carbon dioxide is a byproduct of this process.

The Electron Transport ChainMost of the atp is produced in this last step of cellular respiration. Electron transport takes place in the unfoldings of the inner-membrane of the mitochondria. These infoldings are called cristae. At the end of electron transport, oxygen combines with hydrogen ions and electrons (e-) to form water.

½O2 + 2H+ + 2e- → H2O

Overall Process glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + atp

Fermentation

In the absence of oxygen, the cell resorts to anaerobic metabolism. In animal cells, pyruvate is converted to lactic acid. In yeast and bacteria, the pyruvate is often converted to ethanol. In both cases, no new ATP is produced, so the net production of the energy-carrying molecule is only the two molecules of ATP produced in glycolysis.

That’s all thank you!

Submitted by: Group 1Ballard, JimwellBachinicha, Julie maeBotero, Justine JoyCanunayon, May-anDantes, Hazel JoyMagtuba, Rae SheenaPundogar, Lyrie Mae