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Organelles “organs” of the cell Have special functions within cell
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Cells and all that JazzH. Smith
Cell Theory: 3 parts
• Cells are the basic unit of life.• All living things are made of cells.• All cells come from pre-existing cells
Organelles
• “organs” of the cell• Have special functions within cell
Nucleus
• Control Center• Contains DNA• All eukaryotic cells have one
Nucleolus
• Center of nucleus• Creates Ribosomes
Nuclear envelope
• Surrounds nucleus, controls movement in and out of nucleus
Nuclear Pore
• Holes in nuclear envelope, allows things to enter and leave nucleus
Mitochondria• “Powerhouse” of cell• Produces energy (ATP)• Membrane bound• Has own DNA
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
• Transports molecules• Detoxification• Makes lipids
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
• Protein alterations• Transport of molecules• Rough=has ribosomes attached
Ribosomes
• Protein factories• Create proteins• Free or attached to roughER
Golgi Apparatus
• Packaging of proteins, lipids, and carbs• Post office of cell
Vacuole
• Storage • Very large in plant (stores water)
Lysosome
• Recycling center• Contains enzymes for digestion • Reuse old cell parts
Vesicle
• Taxi cab• Transports molecules to and from cell
membrane
Chloroplast
• PLANTS ONLY• Site of Photosynthesis• Contain chlorophyll pigment (green)
Cell Membrane
• Surrounds cell• Barrier, controls what moves in/out of cell• Made of aPhospholipid bilayer• Semi-permeable
Cell Wall
• PLANT ONLY• Surrounds cell (outside membrane)• Protection
Cytoplasm
• Gel inside cell• Surrounds organelles• Cytosol: fluid portion of cytoplasm
Centrioles
• ONLY ANIMAL• “midwives”• Assist in cell division
Chromatin
• Condensed DNA• Found in nucleus
Microtubule
• Protein tubes, make up cytoskeleton of cell• Support• Thick
Microfilaments
• Thin• Make up cytoskeleton• Flexible, allow cells to move
Cilia
• Small hairs for movement• Animal only
Flagella
• Tail-like structure• Movement• Animal only