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Cell wall: found in plants. It is rigid and its function is to support the cell.
Cell membrane: the outside boundary of an animal cell. Also found in the interior of the cell wall of plants. Its function is to control what goes in and out of cells.
Nucleus: the cells “control center” directing all the cells activities. DNA is found in the nucleus.
DNA is also called chromatin and is a very long molecule that contains your genes.
(Notice all the atoms in DNA)
HowStuffWorks Videos "Introduction to DNA"
Cytoplasm: gel like fluid found between the nucleus and the cell membrane. Here you find different structures call organelles (little organs)
Examples of some organelles:
Mitochondria: rod like structures. Their function is to produce energy for the cell to carry out the cell’s function.
(mitochondria)
HowStuffWorks Videos "The Living Cell: Mitochondria"
Chloroplasts: found almost only in plant cells. They capture sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell.
(yes, responsible for photosynthesis and they give plants their green color)
More organelles:
vacuoles: mostly found in plant cells. Here water, food and waste can be stored.
Bacteria: organisms that are composed of one cell only and do NOT have a nucleus. Their DNA is floating in the cytoplasm.
HowStuffWorks Videos "Bacteria: Introduction to Bacteria"
Other organisms (like you) are multi cellular and are composed of trillions of cells that are different in size and structure depending on their functions.
Examples of common specialized cells:
Blood cells
Nerve cells
HowStuffWorks Videos "Introducing the Cell: Specialized Cells and Tissue"
Living things have been classified into groups called Kingdoms.
Organisms are placed in kingdoms based on their type of cells, their ability to make food, and the number of cells in their bodies.
HowStuffWorks Videos "Simply Science: Five Kingdoms"
Bacteria: are unicellular organisms, with no nucleus, some can make their own food some can not.
Protists: are mostly unicellular. Some can make their own food some can not. They have a nucleus.
HowStuffWorks Videos "Protists: Protist Facts"
HowStuffWorks Videos "The Basics of Biology: Kingdom of Protists"
Fungi: most are multicellular, they have a nucleus and they can not make their own food (decomposers). Mushrooms molds and mildew are examples.
HowStuffWorks Videos "The World of Fungi: Characteristics of Fungi"
HowStuffWorks Videos "The World of Fungi: Obtaining Food"
Plants: are all multicellular and have nuclei. They can make their own food. Without plants, life on Earth would not exist.
Animals: are multicellular, have nuclei, and do not make their own food.
