Cellular Energy

I. Energy for Living ThingsA. Organisms need

energy to live

B. Energy is the ability to do work

II. Energy Storing Molecules

a. ATP and NADPH

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

ribose

adenine

phosphates

A. ATP is made of ribose sugar, adenine, and three phosphate groups.

B. Organisms use ATP to temporarily store chemical energy.

C. ATP is replenished by eating food.

D. Energy is stored in bonds

ribose

adenine

high energy bonds

E. Energy is released when a bond is broken

And…

adenosine diphosphate is produced (ADP)

ribose

adenine

IV. All energy on Earth comes from the Sun

A. Visible Light Waves

1. ROY G BIV

B. Chlorophyll- a pigment that absorbs violet, blue, and red light (inside chloroplasts).

` Autotroph- “self” Feeder (ex- plants) Heterotroph- Consumes other plants and

animals (ex- animal)

I. ChloroplastsA. Chloroplasts: in leaves of plants- have

chlorophyll

C Parts of the chloroplast1. Stroma –fluid/space inside each chloroplast

2. Grana – stacks of Thylakoid sacs

3. Thylakoids –sacs which contain chlorophyll, site of photosynthesis

Thylakoids

Grana Stroma

D. Why are leaves green?

Because chlorophyll

V. PhotosynthesisA. Photo – Light

B. Synthesis – Putting together

C. “making things with light”

D. Chloroplasts capture light energy and build carbohydrates (food) from raw materials.

E. Photosynthesis equation

6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

Light energy

VI. Light Reaction

1. Light energy from the sun hits chlorophyll molecules

2. ATP and NADPH is formed

3. Used H₂O and produces O₂

4. ATP and NADPH are used as energy for the dark reaction

VI. Dark Reaction or Calvin Cycle

1. The second part of photosynthesis

2. doesn’t need light energy to occur

VI. Calvin Cycle/ Dark Cycle

3. Carbon dioxide (from the air) and ATP and NADPH from the light reaction are used to make carbohydrates (food).

Cellular RespirationA. Cellular Respiration takes sugar from

photosynthesis and uses oxygen to make energy(ATP) for the body.

B. Photosynthesis and respiration are complementary processes

Cellular RespirationC. Overall Reaction

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO 2 + 6H2O + Energy

Energy = the ability to do work

D. Cellular Respiration occurs in all living organisms (including plants and animals)