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Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT)
Bob HwangCo-Director, Sandia National Laboratories
Department of Energy Nanoscience CentersCenters
Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
Center for FunctionalNanomaterials
Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies
Center for Nanoscale MaterialsMolecular Foundry
Access to extensive facilities at LANL and Sandia
Biosciences
NationalHigh Magnetic
Field Lab
Lujan Neutron Scattering
Center
Microelectronics Development Lab & MESA
Compound Semiconductor Research Lab
20 nm
Synthesis, Characterization,& Theory
CINT Milestones in last year
CINT at full operations (Core and Gateway)
1st BES review of operations (April, 2007)
Permanent CINT management team (Oct. 2007)
5
Combining diverse nanomaterials together into composite structures across length scales and into nanosystems to discover, understand,
and design materials with novel properties and performance.
CINT’s focus is on Nanoscience Integration
The science of nanomaterials integrationThe science of nanomaterials integration
Combining ferromagnetic & semiconducting behavior
MetalSemiconductor
CdSeCo
10 nm
Bi-functional materials
Directed assembly
Nanocomposite materials
Microtubules + Motor Proteins
Nanowire arrays
Switchable metamaterials
500 nm
10,000 element 2D mechanical lattice
Nanomechanical arrays
Active nanosystems
Length scale
Nano Micro
Nanoscale inhomgeneities
Engineered nanocomposites
Science ThrustsScience ThrustsNanoscale Electronics, Mechanics & Systems
Nanophotonics & Optical Nanomaterials
Soft, Biological, & Composite Nanomaterials
Theory & Simulation of Nanoscale Phenomena
Control of electronic transport and wavefunctions, and mechanical coupling and properties using nanomaterials and integrated nanosystems
(c)
(a) (b)
(d)
Solution-based materials synthesis and assembly of soft, composite and artificial bio-mimetic nanosystems
Assembly, interfacial interactions, and emergent properties of nanoscale systems, including their electronic, magnetic, and optical properties
Synthesis, excitation and energy transformations of optically active nanomaterials and collective or emergent electromagnetic phenomena (plasmonics, metamaterials, photonic lattices)
Energy TransferWhat are the fundamental limits and enabling
principles that will enable us to integrate nanoscale heterostructures into systems that detect, transfer, and transduce energy with extreme sensitivity and efficiency?
CINT Nanoscience Integration Challenges
Emergent PropertiesWhat are the collective properties of composite nanoscale systems that cannot be predicted in terms of the individual constituents How can we design integrated nanoscale systems with desired behaviors?
1 mm
SEM of actual device1-D tunneling in Double Quantum Wires
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Addressing CINT Challenge in Energy Transfer: Electrically Driven Energy-Transfer LED
Common p-type contact
n-type contact
300 ⎧m
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
EL
inte
nsity
(arb
. uni
ts)
700650600550500450400Wavelength (nm)
QW
NC
>10% color-conversion efficiency (⎜)Absorption/re-emission:
Nonradiative ET:Pd/Au
Ti/Al/Ni/Au
M. Achermann et. al. Nature (2004)M. Achermann, M. A. Petruska, D. D. Koleske, M. H. Crawford, V. I. Klimov, Nano Lett. 6, 1396 (2006)
Future work:IR Energy-transfer LED (III-V QWs &
lead-salt NCs)PV structures utilizing ET from NCs
to QW with Nanosystems Thrust
9
Semiconductor nanomaterials will enable previously unattainable control of electronic properties for integrated nanosystems
Nanowires—Synthesis, Properties, & Integration
Energy applications: high efficiency thermoelectricsNational security: ultra sensitive chem/bio sensorsIndustrial competitiveness: future nanoscale electronic and photonic devices
Tom Picraux (LANL), Sean Hearne, Alec Talin (SNL)
Potential impact
Growth of electronic Si, Ge and Si/Ge nanowires
Nanowire sensingIntegration by directed assembly
(d)Si NW
SiO2
Si200nm
(b)
Al Al
3⎧m
(a)
200⎧m
(c)
600nm
OH N
O2
NH
3N
H3
NH
3N
H3N
H3
NH
3N
H3
NH
3
⊗Vg is proportional to e-donating/withdraing character of analyte molecules (Hammett parameter – σp) Nitrobenzene, σp = 0.78 Phenol σp = -0.37;
Assembled array
Electrodeposition to embed NWs
Ge NWs
Si/Ge axial heterostructured
NW
Vertical array geometry
Nanoimprint-formed Si NWs
SiGe alloy NWs
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CINT Thrust Leaders
Nanoscale Electronics, Mechanics & Systems
Mike Lilly
Victor Klimov
Andy Shreve
Bruce Bunker
Mike Nastasi
Sasha Balatsky
Mark Stevens
Soft, Biological & Composite
NanomaterialsNanophotonics & Optical
Nanomaterials
Theory & Simulation of Nanoscale Phenomena
Igal Brener
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Standardized modular, micro-laboratories—designed and batch fabricated for: l Integrating nano and micro length scalesl Studying properties of nanoscale materials and devicesl Directly accessing wide range of CINT characterization tools
Discovery PlatformsTM
3.5 mm
1.5
mm
Cantilever Array Platform™
Discovery PlatformsTM
are fabricated in MESAHybrid Discovery modules
Electrical Transport & OpticalSpectroscopy Platform™
Chip
Integration base
Interconnect carrier
Discovery Platform coupling of techniques - unprecedented understanding
Energy Transfer in nanomaterial systems
• Manipulate nanowire to platform
• Structural & chemical characterization
• Electrical & Optical characterization
300x10-6
200
100
0
-100
-200
-300
Cur
rent
(A)
-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0Bias (V)
nw a nw b nw c nw a, 600�C nw b, 600�C nw c, 600�C
• Synthesize nanowire
13
Vibrant User CommunityVibrant User Community
NSRCs are Science-based User Facilities
Outstanding User program developed from Outstanding Science Program
14
2006 Call for User Proposals176 proposals (129 accepted, 73%)32 States10 Foreign Countries
CINTCINT’’s User Callss User Calls
Jump Start ProgramTotal requests: 257
Approved: 36 (2003)32 (2004)21 (2005)
2007 Call for User Proposals101 proposals 79 accepted, 78% success rate