Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production CMS Lannion Brittany

Centre de Météorologie Spatiale

CORF 08/04/2004

Direction de la Production

CMSLannionBrittany


CORF 08/04/2004


PASSIVE MICROWAVE PROTECTION

[email protected]

WMO / ITWG/ EUMETNET/ METEO-FRANCE


CORF 08/04/2004


ATMOSPHERIC OPACITY IN FREQUENCY RANGE 1-275 GHz

1.E-07

1.E-06

1.E-05

1.E-04

1.E-03

1.E-02

1.E-01

1.E+00

1.E+01

1.E+02

1.E+03

1 26 51 76 101 126 151 176 201 226 251

Frequency (GHz)

Ver

tica

l op

acit

y (d

B)

Minor constituents

OxygenWater vapour tropical

Water vapour sub-arctic


CORF 08/04/2004



CORF 08/04/2004


Figure 5-2

010 20 30 40

WIND SPEEDSALINITY

LIQUID CLOUDS

WATER VAPOUR

SEA SURFACETEMPERATURE

Frequency (GHz)TbPi

+

_

Sensitivity of brightness temperatureto geophysical parameters over ocean surface


CORF 08/04/2004


Sensitivity of brightness temperatureto geophysical parameters over land surfaces

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Frequency (GHz)

Soil moisture

Vegetation biomassSurface roughness

Integrated water vapour

Cloud liquid water

Tb Pi


CORF 08/04/2004



CORF 08/04/2004


SECONDARY LOBE SHAPE


CORF 08/04/2004


Global compositeof brightness

temperature (K) from

AMSU-A Channel 3


CORF 08/04/2004


O2 absorption spectrum along a vertical path around 60 GHz

(multiple absorption lines)

55.22 GHz

50 55 60 65 70Frequency (GHz)

200

100

0

PASSIVE SENSORS REQUIREMENTS IN O 2 ABSORPTION SPECTRUM AROUND 60 GHz(U.S. standard atmosphère - Absorption model: Liebe 1993)

Tot

al o

xyge

n ab

sorp

tion

alon

g a

vert

ical

pat

h (d

B)

55.78 GHz

RESONANCE FREQUENCIES (GHz)

51.503452.021452.542453.066953.595754.130054.671255.221455.783856.264856.363456.968257.612558.323958.446659.164259.591060.306160.434861.150661.800262.411262.486362.998063.568564.127864.678965.224165.764866.302166.836867.369667.9009

52.6 GHz

50.2-50.4 GHz

Excl.

Excl.

Shared

59.3 GHz


CORF 08/04/2004


Weigthing functions at 50 to 60 GhZ


CORF 08/04/2004


Global composite

of brigthness temperature (K) measurements

fromAMSU-A

Channel 9


CORF 08/04/2004


Water vapourabsorption spectrumalong a vertical path

around 183 GHz

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

174,

81

175,

81

176,

81

177,

81

178,

81

179,

81

180,

81

181,

81

182,

81

183,

81

184,

81

185,

81

186,

81

187,

81

188,

81

189,

81

190,

81

191,

81

Frequency (GHz)

Tota

l abs

orpt

ion

alon

g a

verti

cal p

ath

(dB)

Mid-latitude

Tropical

Sub-arctic


CORF 08/04/2004


18

0

18

5

19

0

GH

z

17

5

O L

1 2 3 654123456

18

3,3

1

19

5

The SAPHIR channelsover the water vapor line

Central Frequencies (GHz)

183,31 ± 0,20

183,31 ± 1,10

183,31 ± 2,70

183,31 ± 4,20

183,31 ± 6,60

183,31 ± 11,00


CORF 08/04/2004


Weigthing functions at 183 GhZ


CORF 08/04/2004


Global composite

of brightness temperature (K)

fromAMSU-B

Channel 3


CORF 08/04/2004


ATMOSPHERIC ABSORPTION IN FREQUENCY RANGE 275-1000 GHz

1.E-03

1.E-02

1.E-01

1.E+00

1.E+01

1.E+02

1.E+03

1.E+04

1.E+05

1.E+06

275 325 375 425 475 525 575 625 675 725 775 825 875 925 975

Frequency (GHz)

Vert

ical o

pacit

y (

dB

)

Water vapour tropical

Water vapour sub-arctic

Oxygen

Minor constituents


CORF 08/04/2004


Required system temperatures for

GOMAS

DeltaT

IFOV SIZE 10-km pixels

57 GHz

0.4 GHz

0.2 K 78 km

60 km

6 x 6 144 ms 1500 K

119 GHz

0.4 GHz

0.4 K 37 km

30 km

3 x 3 72 ms 2200 K

183 GHz

0.3 GHz

0.6 K 24 km

30 km

3 x 3 72 ms 2800 K

380 GHz

0.7 GHz

0.5 K 12 km

30 km

3 x 3 72 ms 3500 K

425 GHz

0.4 GHz

0.5 K 10 km

30 km

3 x 3 72 ms 2700 K

380 GHz

2 GHz

1.5 K 12 km

10 km

1 6 ms 5200 K

425 GHz

1 GHz

1.5 K 10 km

10 km

1 6 ms 3700 K

Ts


CORF 08/04/2004


INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION

RADIOCOMMUNICATIONSTUDY GROUPS

February 2002English only

Draft Revision Of RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SA.515-3Frequency bands and bandwidths used for satellite

passive sensing(Question ITU-R 140/7

(1978-1990-1994-1997-2002)

The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly,consideringa) that environmental data relating to the Earth is of increasing importance;


CORF 08/04/2004



RADIOCOMMUNICATIONSTUDY GROUPS February 2002

English only

DRAFT REVISION oF RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SA.1028‑1PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR SATELLITE PASSIVE

REMOTE SENSING(Question ITU-R 140/7)

(1994-1997-2002)The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly,consideringa) that certain frequency bands, including some absorption bands of atmospheric gases (e.g., O2 (oxygen) and H2O (water vapour) ), have been allocated for spaceborne passive microwave

remote sensing;


CORF 08/04/2004



RADIOCOMMUNICATIONSTUDY GROUPS

February 2002 English only

DRAFT REVISION of RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SA.1029‑1PERMISSIBLE INTERFERENCE CRITERIA LEVELS FOR SATELLITE

PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING(Question ITU-R 140/7)

(1994-1997-2002)

The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly,consideringa) that certain frequency bands, including some absorption bands of atmospheric gases (e.g., O2

(oxygen) and H2O (water vapour) ), have been allocated for spaceborne passive microwave remote

sensing;


CORF 08/04/2004


WEB(s) sites fore more infos.

http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/itwg/groups/frequency/

http://www.wmo.ch/web/www/TEM/SG-RFC/Handbook.htm

http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/index.html

http://www.eumetnet.eu.org/

http://guy.rochard.free.fr/meteo/

http://sfcgonline.org/


CORF 08/04/2004


Some key problems to solve …

To conclude what is needed above 275 GHz (central frequencies and bandwidths)

To conclude about ‘Delta T ‘ tables between WMO and ITU proposals

To conclude on % of data availability

To archive emissivity pictures of the Earth in microwaves below 50 GHz.


CORF 08/04/2004


1) Support ITU-Recs 515 , 1028 & 1029

2) Follow ITU rules (7C….WRC)

3) Cooperate as an international scientific working group for EESS (passive) needs

BACKGROUND:


CORF 08/04/2004


NEXTNEXT STEPS :STEPS :

SPIE MEETINGSIGARSS’ MEETINGSITWG MEETINGSSFCG ITU-R 7CWMO FREQUENCY GROUP


CORF 08/04/2004


Petition for Protection of 23.6 – 24 GHz & other microwave bands for Passive Environmental Remote Sensing

Common scientific position about the protection of microwave bands for Passive Environmental Remote Sensing

http://guy.rochard.free.fr/meteo/ http://guy.rochard.free.fr/meteo/fichiers/petition.doc

[email protected]


CORF 08/04/2004


It’s time to push more the EESS community to express and justify clearly the needs.

The people contacted for « the petition » could, withother experts sharing the same views, become a working group by correspondance.

However, to restart the work, a meeting in USA next spring will put those people together an really restartto work and conclude a report before WRC 07.


CORF 08/04/2004


SFCG ACTION ITEM No. 24-3-1

SUBJECT: Update of EESS Passive Band Requirements

ACTION TO BE TAKEN: 1.) The responsible person and contributors will work together to convene a workshop with passive remote sensing scientists and remote sensing spectrum managers in the spring of 2005 in order to reach agreement on the frequency bands and required radiometer sensitivities 2.) SFCG members are to take the results of the workshop and provide the updated requirements for spaceborne passive sensors, along with accompanying scientific justification and technical feasibility, and input them to SFCG-25

RESPONSIBLE PERSON: Guy Rochard (ITWG) CONTRIBUTORS: D. McGinnis (NOAA) K. Maeda (JAXA) J. Zuzek (NASA) E. Marelli (ESA) M.Dreis (EUMETSAT) , R.Wolf (EUMETSAT) M.Vasiliev (RASA) Z.Sun (CMA)

DUE DATE: Workshop middle of spring 2005 and inputs to SFCG by august 2005.


CORF 08/04/2004



CORF 08/04/2004


http://www.wmo.int/web/www/TEM/SG-RFC/Handbook.htm

Chapter 5 , second part

So we have to also consider :

REC 577-5 and REC 1166

Then extend SFCG


CORF 08/04/2004


SAR Altimeter Scatterometer Precipitation radars

Cloud profile radars

Viewing geometry Side-looking at 10-55 deg off nadir

Nadir-looking

1) Six fan beams in azimuth2) Two conically scanning beams

Nadir-looking Nadir-looking

Footprint/dynamics 1) Fixed to one side2) ScanSAR

Fixed at nadir 1) Fixed in azimuth2) Scanning

Scanning across nadir track

Fixed at nadir

Antenna beam Fan beam Pencil beam 1) Fan beams2) Pencil beams

Pencil beam Pencil beam

Radiated peak power 1500-8000 W 20 W 100-5000 W 600 W 1000-1500 W

Waveform Linear FM pulses Linear FM pulses

Interrupted CW orShort Pulses

Short pulses Short pulses

Bandwidth 20-300 MHz 320 MHz 5 - 80 kHz 14 MHz 300 kHz

Duty Factor 1-5 % 46 % 31 % 0.9 % 1-14 %

Service Area Land/coastal/Ocean Ocean/Ice Ocean/Ice/Land Land/Ocean Land/Ocean

EESS (active)


CORF 08/04/2004


Documents

Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production CMS Lannion Brittany