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CENTRODEBACHILLERATOTECNOLÓGICOindustrialydeserviciosN°108 ENGLISHIII

CENTRODEBACHILLERATOTECNOLÓGICOindustrialydeserviciosN°108ENGLISHIII

MTRA.ITZYSEPULVEDAANDDR.MARCOSDOMÍNGUEZ -29-


Modal Verbs

Here's a list of the modal verbs in English:

Can

could

may

Might

will

Would

Must

shall

Should

ought to

MODAL VERBS

Modals (also called modal verbs, modal auxiliary verbs, modal auxiliaries) are special verbs which behave irregularly in English. They are different from normal verbs like "work, play, visit..." They give additional information about the function of the main verb that follows it. They have a great variety of communicative functions.

Here are some characteristics of modal verbs:

• They never change their form. You can't add "s", "ed", "ing"... • They are always followed by an infinitive without "to" (e.i. the bare infinitive.) • They are used to indicate modality allow speakers to express certainty, possibility, willingness,

obligation, necessity, ability

Use of modal verbs:

Modal verbs are used to express functions such as:

1. Permission 2. Ability 3. Obligation 4. Prohibition 5. Lack of necessity 6. Advice 7. possibility 8. probability

Structure with Modal Verbs A Modal verb is followed by another verb in the base form (the infinitive without the 'To') and they are not conjugated (we don't add an 'S' in third person). See the following structure:

Subject + Modal Verb + Verb (base form of the infinitive)

• I can speak English (NOT: I can to speak English) • He can speak Spanish (NOT: He can speaks Spanish) • She can speak Spanish (NOT: She cans speak Spanish)


CENTRODEBACHILLERATOTECNOLÓGICOindustrialydeserviciosN°108 ENGLISHIII Modal Verbs in Negative Sentences Subject + Modal Verb + not + Verb (base form of the infinitive)

• You must not walk on the grass. (= You mustn't walk on the grass.) • He cannot speak Arabic. (= He can't speak Arabic.) • We should not be late. (= We shouldn't be late.)

As you can see in the examples above, contractions of the Modal verb + not are normally possible.

The negative of can is cannot ('not' is joined to 'can') and the contraction is can't

Modal Verbs in Questions

Modal Verb + Subject + Verb (base form of the infinitive)

• May I help you? • Can I have another piece of cake please? • Would you like to come with us?

Probability:

First, they can be used when we want to say how sure we are that something happened / is happening /

will happen. We often call these 'modals of deduction' or 'speculation' or 'certainty' or 'probability'.

For example: • It's snowing, so it must be very cold outside.

• I don't know where John is. He could have missed the train.

• This bill can't be right. £200 for two cups of coffee!

Ability

We use 'can' and 'could' to talk about a skill or ability.

For example:

• She can speak six languages.

• My grandfather could play golf very well.

• I can't drive.



Obligation and Advice

We can use verbs such as 'must' or 'should' to say when something is necessary or

unnecessary, or to give advice.

For example:

• Children must do their homework.

• We have to wear a uniform at work.

• You should stop smoking.

Permission We can use verbs such as 'can', 'could' and 'may' to ask for and give permission. We also use

modal verbs to say something is not allowed.

• Could I leave early today, please?

• You may not use the car tonight.

• Can we swim in the lake?

• May is more formal than can or could.

Asking to do things

To ask to do something, we use can, could or may:

• Hello, can I speak to Steve, please?

• Could I use your phone?' 'Sure.'

• Do you think I could borrow your bike?

• May I come in?' 'Yes, please do.'

Offering to do things

To offer to do something, we use Can I ... ?:

• Can I help you?'



Offering and inviting

To offer or to invite, we use Would you Like ... ?

• Would you Like a cup of coffee?

• Would you Like to eat with us tonight?

• I'd Like ... is a polite way of saying what you want:

• I'd Like some information about hotels, please.

Habits We can use 'will' and 'would' to talk about habits or things we usually do, or did in the past.

For example:

• When I lived in Italy, we would often eat in the restaurant next to my flat.

• John will always be late!

SUMMARY CHART

Modal Verb

Example Uses

Can They can control their own budgets. We can’t fix it. Can I smoke here? Can you help me?

Ability / Possibility Inability / Impossibility Asking for permission Request

Could Could I borrow your dictionary?

Could you say that again more slowly?

We could try to fix it ourselves.

I think we could go to war again.

He gave up his old job so he could work for us.

Asking for permission.

Polite Request

Polite Suggestion

Future possibility

Ability in the past

May May I have another cup of coffee?

Asking for permission

China may become a major economic power. Future possibility

Might We'd better phone tomorrow, they might be eating their dinner now. You never know, they might give us a 10% discount.

Present possibility

Future possibility

Must We must say good-bye now. They mustn’t disrupt the work more than necessary.

Necessity / Obligation Prohibition

Ought to We ought to employ a professional writer. Saying what’s right or correct.

Shall

(More common in the UK than the

US)

Shall I help you with your luggage?

Shall we say 2.30 then? Shall I do that or will you?

Offer

Suggestion Asking what to do

Should We should sort out this problem at once. I think we should check everything again. You should check your posture when using the computer. Profits should increase next year.

Saying what’s right or correct Recommending action Giving advice

Uncertain prediction

Will I can’t see any taxis so I’ll walk. I'll do that for you if you like. I’ll get back to you first thing on Monday. Profits will increase next year.

Instant decisions Offer Promise Certain prediction

Would Would you mind if I brought a colleague with me? Would you pass the salt please? Would you mind waiting a moment? "Would three o`clock suit you?" - "That’d be fine." Would you like to play golf this Friday? "Would you prefer tea or coffee?" - "I’d like tea please."

Asking for permission Making a Request Making a Request Making arrangements Invitation Stating Preferences



EXERCISES I. Match the two columns to identify the use of each modal verb.

1. Abe should call Lyla soon after their first date. a. obligation

2. Lyla should be happy to get his call. b. possibility

3. Abe calls but she doesn‟t pick up, she must be working. c. low probability

4. No problem, he can call her back later. d. rational probability

5. Later he tells her they could go out to dinner again. e. certainty

6. She says she may be available Friday. f. polite request

7. Abe asks if he can call her back Friday morning. g. permission

8. She says she could be in a meeting, the afternoon is better. h. advice

9. Friday afternoon, Abe asks: May I pick you up at 6 pm? i. capacity

10. He must be on time to make a good impression. j. suggestion II. Complete the following sentences with the correct modal verb. Check the list we have revised before.

1. He go skating because he broke his leg.

2. Many children in Britain wear school uniforms.

3. I'm not sure but Jane come to visit me this afternoon.

4. Didn't you see the sign? You drive more than 30 miles.

5. He speaks a lot of languages, but he speak Chinese.

6. It snow. It looks like it.

7. You drive on the right in Britain.

8. He is a good boxer. You be careful.

9. You to smoke in the office.



10. This test will be very difficult. So you learn a lot.

11. You eat more vegetables because they are healthy.

12. I don't the car. You can take it.

13. He does everything himself. He no help.

14. It's going to rain. You shut the window.

15. You start a fire in the forest. III. Complete the sentences with one of the two choices.

1. You really ___________ watch tv this much. (shall / shouldn‟t)

2. She ___________ be at work, she always works at this time. (must / could)

3. Speak up, I ___________ hear you! (can‟t / couldn‟t)

4. I ___________ hear a word he said. (can‟t / couldn‟t)

5. Andrew ___________ call his wife urgently. (must / shouldn‟t)

6. Thank you for calling Zee Company, how ___________ I help you? (can‟t / may)

7. If I go to New York, I ___________ see the Statue of Liberty. (will / would)

8. If I went to New York, I ___________ see the Statue of Liberty. (will / would)

9. It ___________ happen, but it is very unlikely. (shall / could)

10. Emma ___________ go out tonight, her parents said no. (can‟t / may)

IV. Choose the correct modal verb. 1. ________ I have more cheese on my sandwich?

a) Must b) Could c) Would d) Have to

2. You _______ eat more vegetables.

a) Should b) might c) may d) could

3. I ________ like to buy the same television for my house.

a) Could b) must c) would d) have to



4. _______ I have a coffee please?

a) Must b) Have to c) May d) Would

5. You _______ smoke near children.

a) have to b) may c) shouldn‟t d) couldn't

6. The passengers ________ wear their seatbelts at all times.

a) Could b) must c) can d) may

7. We _________ go to the concert if the rain stops. We don't know for sure.

a) mustn't b) might c) have to d) wouldn't

8. I _________ ice skate very well.

a) Can b) may c) must d) should

9. The boys ________ wake up earlier than 7:30 am. They have class at 8:00 am.

a) would b) can't c) could d) have to

10. The rock band ________play very well last year. Now they are much better.

a) must b) couldn't c) can d) should V.Choose the correct answer.

1 - They be on holiday, but I'm not sure.

a) Can b) May

2 - You be right, but I'd still like to check.

a) Can b) Could

3 - you turn it down a bit please?

a) Can b) May



4- It's OK- you go when you've finished.

a) May b) Might

5- Ask any questions now as you not talk during the test.

a) May b) Could

6 - You smoke in the cinema.

a) Can‟t b) Might not

7 - From the way he speaks, he be from London.

a) Can b) Could

8 - It's impossible- they have finished it already!

a) Can‟t b) Mustn‟t

9 - The weather be better tomorrow.

a) Can b) May

10 - you speak Japanese?

a) Can b) May

VI. Fill in the blanks with a modal form from the box Example: He owns a very expensive house. He MUST be a rich person. 1. She is a small baby. She ______________ eat meat, but she ______________ drink milk.

2. He is so ill that he ______________ see the doctor.

3. It’s raining heavily. You ______________ take your own umbrella.

4. We ______________ pick the flowers in the park. It’s forbidden.

5. I ________________ sing now but I ______________ sing very well when I was a child.

6. Mike is only nine months old. He ______________ eat nuts yet.

7. He is very fat. He ______________ run so fast.


CAN – CAN’T - COULD – COULDN’T - MUST – MUSTN’T


8. You are speaking very quickly. I ______________ understand you.

9. I’m very tall, so I ______________ play basketball.

10. You ______________ park that car there. It’s a no-parking zone.

11. Many students in Great Britain ______________ wear a uniform when they go to school.

12. George has travelled a lot . He ______________ speak 4 languages.

13. I ______________ come with you now because I’m studying for my test.

14. Footballers ______________ touch the ball with their hands.

15. ______________ I use your phone ?

16. When I was a child I __________________ understand adults, now that I’m an adult I

__________________ understand children.

17. Sally looks sad and worried . She __________________ have a problem with something.

18. __________________ I see your passport please.

19. He’ sees very badly, so he __________________ wear glasses all the time.

20. The teacher always tells us we __________________ cheat during a test.

21. There’s a knock at the door. I’m expecting Paul . It __________________ be him.

22. I can’t get my phone to work. It __________________ be out of order.

23. __________________ I ask you a question ?

24. That was excellent work. But I __________________ do it without you.

25. She __________________ be 35. She looks older than that.


CENTRODEBACHILLERATOTECNOLÓGICOindustrialydeserviciosN°108 ENGLISHIII-40-


CLASS ACTIVITY

IV. In trios work writing a list of the classroom rules (10 RULES). Choose five of them and make a drawing or picture that describes the rules. Use the different modal verbs we have explained before.

V. Imagine you are the new principal of your school, and you have to make new school rules for the students, what would you change or what new rules would you state? Use the modal verbs to write the new rules. VI. Give to your classmates a brief explanation about all your news changes or new states as the new principal of your school and tell them why you decided that. Explained this using modal verbs structure sentences.



HOBBIES

hhoobbbbiieess vvooccaabbuullaarryy mmaattcchhiinngg wwoorrkksshheeeett

x doing ballet

x riding a horse

x singing songs

x camping

x fishing

x playing tennis

x taking photos

x playing the guitar

x playing checkers

x walking

x reading books

x playing paintball

x scuba-diving

x riding a bike

x playing cards

x doing puzzles

x swimming

x climbing

x playing hopscotch

x hiking

x watching TV

x flying a kite

x playing pc games

x skipping rope

x ice skating

LOOK AT THE WORDS IN THE LIST BELOW AND WRITE THEM UNDER THE CORRECT PICTURES

1)_______________

_

3)_______________

_

2)_______________

_

4)_______________

_

5)_______________

_

6)_______________

_

8)_______________

_

7)_______________

_

9)_______________

_

10)_____________

___

21)_____________

___

23)_____________

___

22)_____________

___

24)_____________

___

25)_____________

___

11)_____________

___

13)_____________

___

12)_____________

___

14)_____________

___

15)_____________

___

16)_____________

___

18)_____________

___

17)_____________

___

19)_____________

___

20)_____________

___

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r w s w s d p p h g d q z i u q h e r d h a o x z d q l n i y k c i s g c k i o l t t a e x r i a v k e x r r x t i d i g c o i r f h a l y s i e w h d o b i n n h h q u s w t c k i k n o f s c a n g i i p r i g e c a g c n k g i a s g g b p n g f s o e t w e n o g n m o p n a a m g n z d k i h h i q i g t d w o i h l a t i u l n i c t j l i y l e n h d o l c v k e g d g p a g n c x a x n g i r e l l a b t n i a p g n i y a l p n r s t f i t d i p z p s i n i u o z p i i e g w g i y l d j o j e n i y l d d y w s r t w a l k i n g p w u g b a e k a m d d f l y i n g a k i t e z r m l w l a j m p s r h s g n i m m i w s o i p p m q c p l a y i n g p c g a m e s p l n p h o s k o o b g n i d a e r b i i e c e n k d o i n g p u z z l e s v o r f b e c k g l h b r j a o g g n i v i d a b u c s 1) camping 2) climbing 3) doingballet 4) doingpuzzles 5) fishing 6) flyingakite 7) hiking 8) iceskating 9) playingcards 10) playingcheckers 11) playinghopscotch 12) playingpaintball 13) playingpcgames 14) playingtennis 15) playingtheguitar 16) readingbooks 17) ridingabike 18) ridingahorse 19) scubadiving 20) singingsongs 21) skippingrope 22) swimming 23) takingphotos 24) walking 25) watchingtv

hhoobbbbiieess aanndd iinntteerreessttss vvooccaabbuullaarryy WWOORRDDSSEEAARRCCHH PPUUZZZZLLEE

FIND AND CIRCLE THE WORDS IN THE WORDSEARCH PUZZLE AND NUMBER THE PICTURES

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CENTRO DE BACHILLERATO TECNOLÓGICO industrial y de ... · CENTRO DE BACHILLERATO TECNOLÓGICO industrial ... Complete the following sentences with the correct modal ... CENTRO DE