CERN, Geneva 13 March 2018 Timepix in Space Timepix in

Timepix in Deep Space Exploration Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP) to Near Earth Space Environment, EUROPA & MARS1 Frank Jansen, Gerhard Grunwald, Tim Brandt et al., DLR Bremen, Oberpfaffenhofen, Braunschweig Germany Frederic Masson and Stephane Oriol, CNES Paris, France Jean-Claude Worms and Emmanouil Detsis, ESF Strasbourg, France Francois Lassoudiere ASL Vernon, France Richard Granjon Sagem Défense Sécurité, Valence, France Maria Christina Tosi and Simona Ferraris TAS-I Torino, Italy Anatoly S. Koroteev, Alexander Semenkin and Alexander Solodukhin KeRC Moscow, Russia Tim Tinsley, James Ap. Findlay and Zara Hodgson NNL Sellafield, UK Lamartine Nogueira Frutuoso Guimarães IEAv São José dos Campos, Brazil Supported by NASA Glenn Research Center Cleveland Supported by JAXA / ISAS Tokyo 1 email further details: [email protected]

CERN, Geneva 13 March 2018 Timepix in Space

1) NEP physics (Maxwell, Ziolkowski equations) 2) Historical / current EP status (Australia, Europe, Japan, USA, Russia) 3) EP technologies (characteristic, PPU (Power Processing Units)) 4) In Europe and Russia - 2009/2011 Russian NPPS (Nuclear Power and Propulsion System), TPM (Transport and Power Module) milestones 2018 and 2022/2023 - 2011- 2013 DiPoP – European low power roadmap - 2013 - 2014 MEGAHIT – European & Russian high power roadmap - 2015 - 2017 DEMOCRITOS concepts for ground, core and space INPPS (International Nuclear Power and Propulsion System) flagship demonstrators => Europe, Russia, Brazil, NASA, JAXA , India?, Australia? 5) Worldwide, programmatic strategy a) 2022/23 (Near Earth Space Environment / Asteroids) b) 2028/2030 (EUROPE) c) 2030th (MARS)


1) NEP physics (Maxwell, Ziolkowski equations) 2) Historical / current EP status (Australia, Europe, Japan, USA, Russia) 3) EP technologies (characteristic, PPU (Power Processing Units)) 4) In Europe and Russia - 2009/2011 Russian NPPS (Nuclear Power and Propulsion System), TPM (Transport and Power Module) milestones 2018 and 2022/2023 - 2011- 2013 DiPoP – European low power roadmap - 2013 - 2014 MEGAHIT – European & Russian high power roadmap - 2015 - 2017 DEMOCRITOS concepts for ground, core and space INPPS (International Nuclear Power and Propulsion System) flagship demonstrators => Europe, Russia, Brazil, NASA, JAXA , India?, Australia? 5) Worldwide, programmatic strategy a) 2022/23 (Near Earth Space Environment / Asteroids) b) 2028/2030 (EUROPE) c) 2030th (MARS)


1) NEP physics Maxwell equations => Particle-In-Cell (PIC Code) HEMP thruster mass, impuls, balance => relativistic rocket equation, EP beam vk << c => Ziolkowski equation => EP vk 50000…80000 km/s (1000 x chemical vk) specific impulse Isp =vk/g 3000…9000 s EP force mN…< 1N


CNES: High power electric propulsion for exploration missions (MEGAHIT).

2) Historical / current EP status (Australia, Europe, Japan, USA, Russia)

Important: - type - Hall, Ion, RIT - thrust fuel – Xe, Ar, Kr…water - long time test - thermal vacuum chambers - different EPs - cluster of EPs - PPUs for EPs


NASA Glenn: two SLS launches NEP vehicle to deliver six crew to/from Deimos & 400 day Mars stay.

NASA GRC NEP to Centaur / Cha- ron: breakpoint between radio- isotope & fission powered systems.

NASA GRC: NEP + subma- rine for Saturn moon Titan at Northern Sea, Kraken Mare.

GRC / Los Alamos: Stirling based 3 kWe NEP system.

KeRC / ROSCOSMOS: TPM with reactor and gas turbine converter.


KeRC / ROSCOSMOS TPM: TPM towards asteroid collision avoidance.

NASA JPL: JUPITER JIMO.



NASA Glenn: two SLS launches NEP vehicle to deliver six crew to/from Deimos & 400 day Mars stay.

NASA GRC NEP to Centaur / Cha- ron: breakpoint between radio- isotope & fission powered systems.

NASA GRC: NEP + subma- rine for Saturn moon Titan at Northern Sea, Kraken Mare.

GRC / Los Alamos: Stirling based 3 kWe NEP system.

KeRC / ROSCOSMOS: TPM with reactor and gas turbine converter.


KeRC / ROSCOSMOS TPM: TPM towards asteroid collision avoidance.

NASA JPL: JUPITER JIMO.




3) EP technologies (characteristic, PPU (Power Processing Units)): MEGAHIT S/C subsystems



3) EP technologies plus INPPS ground demonstrator : KeRC Moscow



3) EP technologies plus INPPS ground demonstrator : KeRC Moscow …



MEGAHIT MARS, EARTH MOON, ASTEROID European Russian Brazil DEMOCRITOS INPPS CE Study 0. NEAR EARTH SPACE ENVIRONMENT / ASTEROIDS (SSA) 1. EUROPA 2. MARS

NASA JPL JUPITER JIMO. JUPITER Moon EUROPA? MARS?

2. MARS 0. Near Earth Space Environment / Asteroids (SSA) 1. Europe to EUROPA

3) EP technologies (characteristic, PPU (Power Processing Units)): exploration mission targets…


1) 2022/2023 Near Earth space environment INPPS flagship

EC Horizon 2020 IOD/IOV (down scaled WideWing version)

EUROPE GOES TO EUROPA and BEYOND

4) In Europe and Russia 2015 - 2017 D EMOCRITOS concepts for ground, core and space INPPS flagship demonstrators




2) 2028/2030 EUROPA-INPPS (see WideWing version),

more water than on Earth






2) 2028/2030 EUROPA-INPPS (see WideWing version),

more water than on Earth

3) 2030th MARS-INPPS (see ArrowWing version),

MOON tug




Space structures assembly nowadays: handling large structures in space, remote free-flying robots (with thrusters and manipulators), simple observation robots for sensing, worker robots (below left), EVA: extra vehicular robotics (EVR), EVR controlled from the ground, offloading the EVA astronaut and even the robotic operator on-orbit DLR: iBOSS modular satellites (with autonomous maintenance, servicing using robotic systems, standardized building blocks (below right), interfaces for mechanical docking, transfer of power, data and heat between the single building blocks!)

4) In Europe and Russia DEMOCRITOS concepts INPPS flagship subsystem architecture and robotic assembly development logic


- robotics assembly well-known, proven technology in industrial fields + ISS experiences => sufficient for robotics assembly strategy for INPPS flagship

- INPPS assembly / servicing platform: has to provide sufficient space for storing components and semi-finished sub-components, faulty parts, rendezvous and docking interfaces for automated cargo lifting-body spaceplanes, power supply for the assembly robot systems, sensors, robot tools, test and verification facilities plus high bandwidth communication infrastructure to ground stations, separate AOCS … - Pros to the platform are the high flexibility for the assembling: greater independence on the sequence of component’s deliveries (INPPS requires many spaceflights…production or transportation delay, different partners / space agencies / different launcher => assembly of the just available components is possible, faulty components are put aside for repair or exchange by new components, meanwhile the assembly of other components can go on, only one AOCS system is needed for all moving systems on the platform.



- platform: equipped with at least three dexterous robot arms 4m length each, two 7-DOF robot arms the majority, second robot arm is for holding and assistive tasks to the first one, third arm in analogy to the third Hand all assembly tasks can be performed, all robot arms will have an identical interface => his allows attaching the three arms to one crane like robot system of 12m length - final detailed design of the INPPS: a space tug may also be equipped with one of the three

robot arms (also be needed for inspection tasks) - platform can also be used for testing and verification of assembled sub-components under

space conditions (reduction of terrestrial simulation efforts) - Additional Cons: design an assembly factory, produce it, transfer it to space and operate it (this infrastructure can also be used for other deep space missions and servicing missions in LEO /GEO - assembly order: from back to front and non-nuclear subsystems first and finally

reactor (non-critical, switch on at high Earth orbit (about 800…1200 km)



DLR Telescopic Grid Structure (TGS) in deployed (left: 3 m diameter, 27 m length) and stowed (right: 3 m diameter, 4.5 m length) configuration

- TGS: standardized interfaces (heat, fluid, power, data) are defined to match the standardized iBoss system - excellent strength/stiffness properties,

lightweight to continuous shell cylinders - telescopic mast with several nesting grid

cylinders => large and lightweight primary structures - components attachable at both ends,

increasing the cylinder length - deployment the longitudinal struts usable as guide rails for the enclosed cylinder => minimizing the need for additional components for deployment control - free volume inside the stowed telescopic

structure => storage of other subsystems => increases the total packaging efficiency

4) In Europe and Russia DEMOCRITOS concepts INPPS flagship subsystem architecture and robotic assembly development logic: DLR Telescopic Grid Structure


DLR iBoss for 2 truss deploy. canisters 24 tanks, 1 payload, 1 power man./ distrib. 15/16 HiPEPI/ Hall thrusters / PPU 1 avionics

DLR Telescopic Grid Structure in deployed (left: 3 m diameter, 27 m length) and stowed (right: 3 m diameter, 4.5 m length) configuration



INPPS deployable structures: boom with support cantilever and deployment unit

DLR iBoss for 2 truss deploy. canisters 24 tanks, 1 payload, 1 power man./ distrib. 16 HiPEP / PPU 1 avionics

Already to NESE-NEO EC Horizon 2020 ‚ROLET‘ (2018 proposal) & EUROPA: important for human flight preparation - Czechia / Prague / CERN / ESA SATRAM Timepix hybrid active radiation detector (~50… 100).

4) In Europe and Russia DEMOCRITOS INPPS Flagship

EUROPA-INPPS (WideWingVersion)






Elon Musk - Falcon Heavy rocket transports SpaceX crew-carrying spacecraft all the way to JUPITER and EUROPA.

EUROPE GOES TO EUROPA and BEYOND: about 110 t and 50 m






DLR iBoss for 2 truss deploy. canisters 24 tanks, 1 payload, 1 power man./ distrib. 15 Hall thrusters / PPU 1 avionics


MARS-INPPS (ArrowWingVersion) / MOON Tug





EUROPE GOES TO EUROPA and BEYOND – MARS / PHOBOS: about 100 t and 70 m





DEMOCRITOS interview with Prof. Andrew Aldrin (Colorado Spring 2016)

Sourc:e: NASA



Sourc:e: NASA


European Union embassy Moscow, 7 April 2017


Documents

CERN, Geneva 13 March 2018 Timepix in Space Timepix in