Certification of Small Wind Turbines (SWT)Design Methodology & Testing Grid Connection Certification Basis Conclusion Content Corporate Overview Certification of Small Wind Turbines

2009-10-17

Certification of Small Wind Turbines (SWT)

Germanischer Lloyd Industrial Services GmbH

Business Segment Renewables

Design

Methodology &

Testing

Grid Connection

Certification

Basis

Conclusion

Content

Corporate

Overview

Certification of Small Wind Turbines - 2nd Symposium - Kassel 2009-10-17 No. 2

Contentof Presentation

1. Corporate Overview

4. Grid Connection

5. Conclusion

2. Certification Basis

3. Design Methodology & Testing

Design

Methodology &

Testing

Grid Connection

Certification

Basis

Conclusion

Content

Corporate

Overview


Germanischer Lloyd (GL)

• technical

surveillance

society

• founded 1867

• own rules and

guidelines

Design

Methodology &

Testing

Grid Connection

Certification

Basis

Conclusion

Content

Corporate

Overview


Expert staff

• > 6.500 persons

worldwide

• ~230 locations

• ~80 countries

INDUSTRIAL SERVICES

MARITIME SERVICES

Design

Methodology &

Testing

Grid Connection

Certification

Basis

Conclusion

Content

Corporate

Overview


GL Industrial Services – Business Segments

Oil and Gas

Technical Assurance, Safety and Risk, Asset Management, Software Solutions

Renewables

Certification, Turbine Measurements, Engineering & Consulting

Industrial Inspection

Third party inspection and NDT services to a diverse range of industry sectors including oil & gas, power generation, marine and mining

New / Cross-

Industry

Materials and Failure Analysis, Water

Design

Methodology &

Testing

Grid Connection

Certification

Basis

Conclusion

Content

Corporate

Overview


Our geographical reach –

Experts in Renewables• 650 staff

• 35 locations

• 18 countries

Beijing

Tokyo

Shanghai

Mumbai

Bangalore

Newcastle

Melbourne

Wellington

Vancouver

Ottawa

Portland

San Diego

Montreal

Peterborough

Austin

Monterrey

Porto Alegre

HeerenveenSint Maarten

Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog

Bristol

Paris

Izmir

CopenhagenHinnerupOldenburgHamburgPoland

Lisbon BarcelonaZaragozaMadrid

Imola

GlasgowLondon

Slough

Design

Methodology &

Testing

Grid Connection

Certification

Basis

Conclusion

Content

Corporate

Overview


Renewables - Germany

• GL Renewables, Hamburg

• WINDTEST, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog

• Garrad Hassan Deutschland GmbH,

Oldenburg

Husum

Design

Methodology &

Testing

Grid Connection

Certification

Basis

Conclusion

Content

Corporate

Overview


GL‘s History in Renewables (Wind)

1977 First activities in Wind Energy

1980 Examination GROWIAN and small turbines

1984 Test Fields Pellworm / Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog

1986 1st Guideline (onshore)

1994 European Offshore Study

1995 1st Offshore-Wind Guideline

2001 start of FINO I research project

2007 Expansion of services with Helimax

2009 Garrad Hassan joins GL

Design

Methodology &

Testing

Grid Connection

Certification

Basis

Conclusion

Content

Corporate

Overview


„Deike Rickmers“

1872 Class GL A 1

First Wind Turbine classified by GL

Wind turbine to operate the bilge pump

Design

Methodology &

Testing

Grid Connection

Certification

Basis

Conclusion

Content

Corporate

Overview


Certification – Applicable Requirements

• IEC 61400-2:2006, Ed.2

„Design requirements for

small wind turbines“

• DIN EN 61400-2:2007, Ed.2,

„Windenergieanlagen -

Teil 2: Sicherheit kleiner

Windenergieanlagen“

• International Standard IEC

61400-series

Design

Methodology &

Testing

Grid Connection

Certification

Basis

Conclusion

Content

Corporate

Overview


Scope of Application

• Swept rotor area smaller than 200m², acc. to IEC 61400-2:2006, Ed.2 and

• AC voltage

Design

Methodology &

Testing

Grid Connection

Certification

Basis

Conclusion

Content

Corporate

Overview


Further Applicable Requirements

GL Guidelines• Guideline for the Certification of Wind Turbines, Edition 2003 with Supplement 2004

• Technical Note for Extreme Temperatures (here: Cold Climate)

• Grid Connection Compatibility of wind turbines according to Grid Codes (NAR)

Design

Methodology &

Testing

Grid Connection

Certification

Basis

Conclusion

Content

Corporate

Overview


German Application Requirments

German (DIBt-) Regulations

• „Richtlinie fürWindenergieanlagen, Einwirkungen und Standsicherheits- nachweise fürTurm und Gründung“, FassungMärz 2004, Deutsches Institut fürBautechnik (DIBt), Berlin

• Scope of application swept area

Design

Methodology &

Testing

Grid Connection

Certification

Basis

Conclusion

Content

Corporate

Overview


Extent of Application

• Requirements for the safety

of SWT including design,

installation, maintenance

and operation under

specified external

conditions

• Appropriate level of

protection against damage

from hazards from these

systems during their

planned life-timeSource: NREL

• IEC 61400-2 deals with safety philosophy, quality assurance

and engineering integrity

Design

Methodology &

Testing

Grid Connection

Certification

Basis

Conclusion

Content

Corporate

Overview


General according IEC 61400-2

• Recommendation ISO 9001:2000

regarding design, procurement,

manufacture, installation, operation

and maintenance of the SWT and

their components

• External Conditions

• Environmental (wind and others)

• Electrical (network and local)

• Soil conditions (foundation)Source: Lehmkuhl

Design

Methodology &

Testing

Grid Connection

Certification

Basis

Conclusion

Content

Corporate

Overview


Design methodology

• Simplified load equations(horizontal axis, 2 or more blades,

cantiliver blades, rigid hub)

• Aeroelastic modelling

• Mechanical loads

testing

Source: Tozzi Nord

Source: Helix Wind

Design

Methodology &

Testing

Grid Connection

Certification

Basis

Conclusion

Content

Corporate

Overview


Load calculations

• SWT classes

• Wind conditions

(normal and extreme)

• Aerodynamic loads

(static and dynamic)

• Inertial and gravitational

loads (gyroscopic,

vibration, rotation, gravity,

natural frequencies)

Design

Methodology &

Testing

Grid Connection

Certification

Basis

Conclusion

Content

Corporate

Overview


Load cases

-2000

-1500

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

My – nick moment

500

700

900

1100

1300

1500

1700

1900

2100

2300

Mx – rotor torque

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Fx - thrust

• Determine represented load cases covering most significant conditions which occur over life-time.

• Combination of special external conditions and operational modes.

• All relevant load cases with a reasonable probability must be considered together with behaviour of the control and protection system.

Design

Methodology &

Testing

Grid Connection

Certification

Basis

Conclusion

Content

Corporate

Overview


• Ultimate and fatigue

strength of structural item

parts shall be verified by

calculations

• and/or tests to determine

the structural integrity of a

SWT with the appropriate

safety level (e.g. rotor,

nacelle, tower, foundation,

etc.).

• Rotor blade analysis and

static blade test is required

Structural Design

Source: Aerogenesis Australia Pty. Ltd.

Source: Aerogenesis Australia Pty. Ltd.

Design

Methodology &

Testing

Grid Connection

Certification

Basis

Conclusion

Content

Corporate

Overview


Protection System

• Protection System shall be

designed to be fail-safe.

• Protect the SWT from any

single failure or fault in a

power source, or in any non-

safe-life component within

the control- and protection

system.

• A failure shall not allow the turbine either exceed the maximum rotational speed or go into an unsafe state of operation.

• Testing and/or analysis shall verify the fail-safe behaviour of the system.

Design

Methodology &

Testing

Grid Connection

Certification

Basis

Conclusion

Content

Corporate

Overview


Electrical System

• The electrical system of a SWT and every electrical

component used in it shall comply with the applicable

portions of clauses of the IEC–series, the national

standards, and any local codes.

• Electrical systems are

– Protective Devices

– Disconnect Devices

– Earthing Systems

– Lightening Protection

– Electrical Conductors

and Cables

Design

Methodology &

Testing

Grid Connection

Certification

Basis

Conclusion

Content

Corporate

Overview


Documentation Requirements

• The manufacturer of the SWT shall

provide a clear description of

• Assembly

• Installation

• Operation

• Erection

• Maintenance

• The documentation shall be

provided in manuals for the

installer, owner and service

personnel

Source: Southwest Windpower

Design

Methodology &

Testing

Grid Connection

Certification

Basis

Conclusion

Content

Corporate

Overview


Testing

• Loads• Tests to verify design data

(for simplified load analysis or to verify aeroelastic model)

• Technical load testing (validate design calculations or determine design loads)

• Duration testing(verify structural integrity, quality protection, dynamic behaviour)

• Mechanical component testing(e.g. static blade testing)

• Safety and function(behaviour and personal safety)

Inventus 5 – test field WTK

Design

Methodology &

Testing

Grid Connection

Certification

Basis

Conclusion

Content

Corporate

Overview


Tests to verify design

• The testing and measurements shall complete the analytical

assessments considering representative conditions

(e.g. components, operation, dynamic).

• The tests shall be documented in a

report containing

• full description of the test methods used

• test conditions

• specification of tested machine

• test results

• The measurement reports shall

meet the requirements of ISO/IEC

17025 and relevant standards. Source: WINDTEST WTK

Design

Methodology &

Testing

Grid Connection

Certification

Basis

Conclusion

Content

Corporate

Overview


Measurements and Analysis

Measurements

• Loads

• Power curve and control behaviour

• Noise emissions

• Electrical behaviour (grid compatibility)

• Wind potential

• Noise immision

Expertise

• Wind conditions

• Energy production

• Noise propagation

• Shadow cast

Accredited according to

ISO/IEC 17025 and

other relevant standards

Design

Methodology &

Testing

Grid Connection

Certification

Basis

Conclusion

Content

Corporate

Overview


Deliveries

Certification Report regarding the

• Load Assumptions

• Safety System and Manuals

• Rotor Blade

• Machinery Components

• Tower and Foundation

• Electrical Installations

• Testing

• Commissioning

Statement of Compliance for the

• Design Assessment according

IEC 61400-2:2006

Design

Methodology &

Testing

Grid Connection

Certification

Basis

Conclusion

Content

Corporate

Overview


Grid Connection

• Connection of SWT to the

public low voltage

Distribution System

• Harmonized standard

EN 50438

Design

Methodology &

Testing

Grid Connection

Certification

Basis

Conclusion

Content

Corporate

Overview


Grid Connection

Compatibility (GCC)

• General certification procedure defined in GL‘s Wind-Technical Note 065

• Creation of a test plan according to recognised testing and measuring standards

• Tests are performed with a type of a wind turbine (Type-Tests) by an accredited measuring institute(ISO 17025, IEC 61400-21)

• Test bench or tests at site

• Issue of a final measurementreport

IGCC

International Grid Code Comparison

Creation of test plan

including success criteria

Tests according to test plan performed

by an accredited measuring institute

Assessment of measurement report and

compliance with Grid Code requirements

Type Certificate (GCC)

Design

Methodology &

Testing

Grid Connection

Certification

Basis

Conclusion

Content

Corporate

Overview


Advantages of Certification

An independent assessment of your products will ease

• approvals from Regulation Authorities worldwide

• acceptance and favourable business conditions from financiers, insurers

• positively influence on buying decisions of your customer

• successful market entry and market growth through increased competitive advantage

by an accredited and internationally acknowledged certification body

2009-10-17Certification of Small Wind Turbines - 2nd Symposium - Kassel No. 30

Thank you very much

for your attention!

2009-10-17Certification of Small Wind Turbines - 2nd Symposium - Kassel No. 31

Further Information

Dipl.-Ing., Dipl.-Wirtsch.-Ing.

Fabio Pollicino

Germanischer Lloyd Industrial Services GmbH

Competence Centre Renewables Certification

Department Machinery Components and

Safety

Steinhoeft 9

20459 Hamburg

Tel.: +49 (0) 40-36149 - 7057

Fax: +49 (0) 40-36149 - 1720

Email: [email protected]

www: http://www.gl-group.com/GLRenewables

Documents

Certification of Small Wind Turbines (SWT)Design Methodology & Testing Grid Connection Certification Basis Conclusion Content Corporate Overview Certification of Small Wind Turbines