InitialOperatorTrainingfortheRS-2000X-RayIrradiator

Thistrainingmoduleisintendedtoprovideinitial
radiationsafetytrainingforindividualswhowishtouse
theRadSourceRS-2000X-RayirradiatorattheUniversity
ofMinnesota.

Thefollowingtopicswillbediscussedinthistraining;

1. -WhatareIonizingRadiationandX-rays?
 -HowareX-raysproduced?-RadiationDose
 -HealthEffects&RegulatoryDoseLimit-GeneralHazardsAssociatedwiththeX-RayIrradiator-SafetyInstructionsRegardingtheRS-2000Irradiator-OperatingInstructionsfortheRS-2000Irradiator


2. MorecompleteanddetailedinformationregardingtheRS-2000canbefoundintheRS-2000Owner’sManual(onemanualineachoftheirradiatorrooms)orbygoingtotheRadSourcewebsite(www.radsource.com).


3. Inaddition,thistrainingmaterial,theDoseChart,schedulingandtraininglinksfortheirradiator,isavailableonCFICorewebsiteathttp://www.immunology.umn.edu/research-equipment-services/x-ray-irradiator

WhatareX-rays&IonizingRadiation? Everyoneknowsthatx-raysareatypeofradiation,butwhatexactlyisradiation?Radiationissimplyenergyinmotion.Asyoulookatthefigurebelow,therearemanytypesofradiationthatyouarealreadyfamiliarwith:

Whileallthesetypesofradiationhavemanytraitsincommon(e.g.,alltravelatthespeedoflight)onlyx-raysandgammarayshaveenoughenergytocauseionizationwhentheyinteractwiththebody.Soournextquestionis“Whatisionizationandwhyisitaconcern?”

Allmatterismadeupofatoms.Atomscontainasmallcentralnucleuscontainingprotons,whichhaveelectricallypositivecharges.Orbitingthenucleusareelectronswhicharesmallparticleswithelectricallynegativecharges.Inaneutralatomthenumberofpositive(+)andnegative(-)chargesareequal(seethefigurebelow).

Whenanx-rayorgammarayistravelingthroughthehumanbody,itwillsometimesinteractwithanorbitalelectronofanatom.Duringtheinteractiontheradiationcanimpartenoughenergytotheelectronto“free”itfromtheatom.The

atomnowhasonelesselectron,whichresultsintheatomhavingmorepositivethannegativecharges.Anatomthatdoesnothavethesamenumberofpositive&negativechargesiscalledanion.Theprocessofionizationisillustratedbelow;

This“freed”electroncanpotentiallycausedamagetolivingcellsorDNA.Thedamagecanberepairedfromsmallamountsofradiation,howeverifenoughradiationisimparted,biologicaldamagecanoccur.Thebiologicaldamagecanincludethedeathofthecell,mutationoftheDNA,orpreventingthecellfromreproducing.

HowareX-raysProduced? Mostirradiatorstraditionallyusearadioactivesubstancewhichcontinuouslygivesoffgammaradiation.TheRS-2000usesanx-raytubetoproducex-raysasitsionizingradiationsource.Itshouldbenotedthattheonlythingthatdiffersbetweenanx-rayandgammarayiswheretheywereoriginated(x-raysareproducedoutsidethenucleus,gammaraysoriginateinsidethenucleus),otherwiseyoucan’ttellthedifferencebetweeneither.

Likethex-raymachineusedtotakex-raysonpatients,theRS-2000irradiatorusesanx-raytubetogeneratex-rays(seepicturebelow).Basically,whathappensisthatametalfilamentisheateduptoaveryhightemperatureallowingelectronsfromthemetaltoessentially“boil”off.Electrons,thesmallnegativelychargedparticlesorbitingthenucleus,arethenacceleratedacrosstheglasstubetoapositivelychargedanode.Whilethemajorityoftheelectronscollidewiththemetalanodeandgenerateheat,someoftheelectronslosetheirenergyintheformofx-rays.

AnimportantdistinctionthatshouldbemadebetweentraditionalirradiatorsthatusearadioactivesourceandtheRS-2000unitwhichusesanx-raytubeisthatnoradiationisproducedinthex-raytubewhenthepowerisoff(whiletheradioactivesourcecontinuouslygivesoffradiation).

RadiationDose Whenx-raysinteractwiththespecimenbeingirradiated,theradiationinteractswithorbitalelectronsoftheatomsandradiation(energy)isdeposited.Theamountofradiationdepositediscalledtheradiationdose(orsimply“dose”)andismeasuredineitherradorGray(Gy).AGrayis100timesgreaterthanarad.ForthespecimensbeingirradiatedintheRS-2000thedosetypicallyrangesfromafewGraytotensofGray.

Therateatwhichtheradiationisdeliveredisthedoserateandisineitherinunitsofrad/hrorGray/hr(Gy/hr).AGray/hris100timesgreaterthanarad/hr.IntheRS-2000thedoserateusedishighlydependentuponhowclosethespecimenistothex-raytube,butwillvaryfromaround1.2toalmost9Gy/minute.

Thenextquestionyoumightaskis“HowmuchradiationwillIreceivefromhandlingirradiatedspecimensandfromusingthisirradiator?”.Asforhandlingirradiatedspecimens,theydoNOTbecomeradioactiveafteranirradiationandyouwillnotreceiveanyradiationfromhandlingirradiatedthesespecimens.

Asforusing(orbeingnear)theirradiator,theunitisheavilyshieldedandminimalradiationisgivenoffoutsidetheunit.Inaddition,aninterlocksystemwillshutoffthex-raytubeifthedoortotheRS-2000isopened.Therefore,youshouldexpectvirtuallyNOradiationexposurefromusingtheRS-2000andtherefore,individualsusingtheunitareNOTrequiredtowearradiationbadgestomonitorexposure(NOTE:Iftheinterlocksystemissomehowdefeatedoriftheshieldingisremoved,individualscouldreceiveDANGEROUSradiationdoses).

RadiationDose(“Dose”)measuredinradorGray(Gy)

100rad=1Gy


DoseRatemeasuredinrad/hrorGy/hr


100rad/hr=1Gy/hr


IrradiatedspecimensdoNOTgiveoffradiation

RadiationlevelsoutsidetheRS-2000areminimal

Warnings,PrecautionsUsingtheRS-2000

RadiationExposureAspreviouslydiscussed,radiationexposureshouldbeminimalunlesstheunititselfiscompromised.Examplesofunsafeconditionswhichcouldresultinpotentiallydangerousradiationlevelsinclude;

-DoorinterlocktotheRS-2000doesnotwork-Shieldinghasbeendamaged-Evidenceofmachinetampering

OtherPrecautions-Anotherserioushazardfromanx-raydeviceiselectricalshock.Thex-raygeneratorisahighlyregulatedDCpowersupplythatappliesavoltageof160kilovolts.-Nounauthorizedpersonnelmaydefeatoroverrideanysafetyfeaturesonthex-raygenerator,collimator,orshielding,withoutpermissionofthemanufacturer(RadSource).TheRS-2000istobeservicedbytrainedpersonnelonly.-Pleasekeepunitdry.Whencleaningdonotallowcleanersorwatertodripintopanelsorchamber.Useonlyadampclothwithmildsoapsforcleaning.-Donotusethetopoftheunitasastoragearea.Donotplaceanyheavyitemsoritemscontainingliquidsormaterialsthatmayharmtheunitiftheyleakedorspilledontoporinside.

-Thex-raytubecanbedamagedifpowerisshutoffimmediatelyfollowinganirradiation.Aftertheirradiationiscompleted,wait5minutesbeforeturningtheunitoff.

Turn power off

IntegratedSafetyFeatures

FlashingX-rayIndicationLights,showwhenX-raysarebeingproduced

ShieldedandInterlockedX-RayTubeChamber,topreventX-rayproductionifpanelshouldbeopened

DoorHandleDoubleSafetyInterlockedtopreventX-rayproductionwhiledoorisunlatched

HowtoUsetheRS-2000 InthissectionthebasicoperationoftheRS-2000willbediscussed.Theprocedureforbasicoperationispostedontheunitandisalsoprovidedattheendofthissection.

GettingStarted/Prerequisites

TousetheRS2000anindividualmustcompleteinitialtrainingwhichconsistsofcompletingthefollowingtrainingmodules:

1. BuildingtrainingforaccesstoMBB/CCRB:Visitwww.dehs.umn.edutocompletethefollowingcourses:

• RadiationSafetyOrientation• PreventingEmployeeExposuretoBloodborneandOtherPathogens

2. RadioactiveMaterials:Online1hourtrainingmodule,mustbedocumentedinordertogetXrayaccess.ThistrainingisdifferentthattheRadiationtrainingorientation,youneedtocompleteboth.RadiationSafetyforRadioactiveMaterialUsers-Forindividualsrequiredtohandleradioactivematerials.Also,allmedical,dental,veterinaryandresearchx-rayoperatorsmustcompletethismoduleforpartoftheirradiationsafetytrainingathttp://www.dehs.umn.edu/rad_radmat_training.htm

WARNING AnyuseoftheRS-2000notforitsintendedusemayresultinanunsafecondition.DoNOTinsertanyflammableorpotentiallyexplosivematerialsintotheunit,orapplytoxicorcorrosivechemicals.

Ifyouhaveanyquestionsaboutitsuse,pleaserefertotheOperatingManual(locatedinirradiatorroom)orcontactRadSourceTechnologies.

3. Fingerprintaccessforthekeysafe(WMBB)andkey/cardsafe(CCRB):Ifyouhaven'talreadyhadyourfingerprintaddedtothekeysafesystemyoushouldplanonhavingthatdoneonanyThursdayat2pm.IfyouneedtohavethatdonemakesuretostopbythemaindeskonfirstfloorofWMBB(orcallthemat6-5258)andsignupforthissothatcentralsecurityknowstocome.OnceyourtrainingwithmeiscompleteIwillsubmittherequestforyoutohaveaccesstobothunitsforthekeystoaccesstheXray.ThefingerprintingisfortheunitinWMBB,itisentirelyuptoyoutogetaccessforthatunit.Idostronglyencourageaccesstobothunitssoifonegoesdownyoustillhaveaccesstotheother.

4. RARaccess:SincetheXrayishousedintheCCRBRARfacilityweneedtogetyouaccessifyoudon'talreadyhaveit.Herearethedifferentstepsthatmayneedtobetaken.LetmeknowwhichonefitsyourneedsandIwillsendyouthecorrectforms.

1. IfyoucurrentlyhaveamouseprotocolandhavemicehousedinCCRByouwillnotneedtodoanythingfurtherifyouhaveCCRBRARaccess.PleasecontactmeifyourPIhasaprotocolandyouarenotonit.

2. IfyourPIhasamouseprotocolandyourlabhousesanimalsatadifferentlocationfromCCRByouwillneedtorequestRARaccesstoCCRB.YouwillneedtosetupatourwiththeCCRBareasupervisorandattendashorttrainingsessionwithhim.Thecontactinfois:MaxMyersmeye0649@umn.edu.

3. Ifyou/PIdonothaveamouseprotocolandyoudon'tworkwithmiceyouwillneedtosetupatourwiththeCCRBareasupervisorandattendashorttrainingsessionwithhim.Thecontactinfois:MaxMyersmeye0649@umn.edu.

5. Handsontraining:OncealloftheonlinemodulesaredonecontactDebLins(benso010@umn.edu)tosetupatimeforthehandsontrainingandaccessverification.

PerforminganIrradiation

WhenyouopenupthechamberdoorthereshouldbeaRAD+reflectorblock(seepicture)whichisusedtoproduceamoreuniformdosedistributionwithintheblock.DoNOTremovethisblockunlesscleaningisrequired.Makesurethattheblocklinesupwiththebluelineonthecopperflooring.

Turningthemachineon:

1.Toprepareforoperation,closethefrontdoorandturnthehandleclockwiseuntilfullyengaged(unitwillnotoperateifnotproperlyclosed).Thiscanbedoneafteryouloadyoursamples/animalsandsetyourtime.

2.Usethekeytoturnthepoweron/offswitchtoon(thekeytopowerontheunitshouldremaininsertedduringtherunandreturnedtothekeytraxunitwhenfinished).


3.TheOperatorTouchPanelControlScreenwillilluminate,controlpowerisappliedtothehighvoltagepowersupplyandthefollowingscreenshouldbedisplayed:

Afterapproximately30-45seconds,thesystemisinitializedandthemainmenu,shownbelow,isdisplayed(Note:ifatanytimeafterthesystemisinitializedafaultisdetectedthe

ALARMSCREENwillbedisplayed,hitclearorturnoffthemachineandletsitfor20seconds,thenturnbackon).

4.Ifyouhavealongrunorwillbeintheroomforanextendedamountoftime,youwillwanttoproptheroomdooropen.Theirradiatortendstoheattheroomupandthatover-heatingcancausetheunittoshutdown.Ialsohaveanelectricfanintheroomthatyoucansetuptobringcoolerairfromthehallintotheroom.

5.MainMenu

ThemainmenuenablestheoperatortoaccessallthefeaturesoftheRS-2000.Thewhiterectangularsystemstatusboxisusedtodisplaythemachinestatus.Possiblemachinestatusesinclude:

§ WARMUPREQUIRED
§ WARMUPINPROGRESS§ X-RAYON
§ X-RAYOFF

Ifthewhiteboxsays“WARMUPREQUIRED”proceedtonextpage.

Warm-UpCycle Whenyoufirstpowerontheunit,thex-raytubemayormaynotneedtobeproperlywarmedup(awarm-upisrequiredevery40hoursoriftherehasbeenanelectricaldisruption).Ifthex-raytubeneedstobewarmedupthesystemstatusboxwillsayWARMUPREQUIRED.Itisimportanttoperformthewarmupifthismessageappears.Ifthetubedoesn’tneedtobewarmedup,thestatusboxwillsayX-RAYOFF.

Toinitiateawarm-up;

1. PressWarmUponthemainmenu


2. TheWARM-UPCYCLEmenuwillappear(seefigureattheright).


3. Therearetwopre-programmedwarm-upcycleslabeled:NORMALandEXTENDED.Unlessyouknowthattheunithasn’tbeenusedforacoupleofmonths,selectNORMALNORMAL


4. PressSTART(atthebottomofthescreen).


5. ThemessageinthewhitesystemstatusboxwillindicateWARMUPINPROGRESS.Theflashingindicatorlightsontheunitwillflashonandoffindicatingthatx-raysarebeingproduced.Leavetheroomfor15minutesandnoteonthesignupsheetthatawarmupwasneeded.

6. Afterthewarmupiscompleted(theNORMALwarm-upcycletakesapproximately10minutes),thatsystemstatusblockwillindicateWARMUPCOMPLETE.PressMAINtotakeyoubacktothemainmenu.Youarenowreadytoperformanirradiationwhichisdiscussedinthenextsection.


DeterminingIrradiationTime

Beforeperforminganirradiation,youobviouslyneedtofirstdeterminehowlongtoirradiate,whichcorrespondstowhatlevelinsidetheirradiatorchamberyouwillbeplacingthespecimens.Sowhatdowemeanbylevels?

IfyouopenthedoorandlookinsidetheirradiationchamberoftheRS-2000youwillseevariouslevelsindicatedalongeachside.Althoughyoucan’tseeit,becausetheRAD+reflectoriscoveringit,thebottomlevelislabeled“1”.Thelevelsincreaseinnumberasyougouphigherinthechamber(althoughnotlabeled,thelevelabove5islevel6).

Becausethex-raytubeislocatedabovethechamberintheRS-2000,thehighernumberedlevelscorrespondtohigherdoserates(&shorterirradiationtimes).

Animals:
SmallanimalsmustbeplacedinaCLEANfilteredcageandaretypicallyirradiatedonLevel1(i.e.,withintheblackRAD+reflectivechamberonthefloorofthechamber).

• Placenomorethan5miceinaCLEANcage • Removefoodandwaterfromthecage,ifyouhaveexcessbedding

removethataswell(usinganewcagewillalleviatethatproblem) • ThereisahoodlocatedintheroomandallSPFprotocolsshouldbe

followed. • Youwillneedtopreparenewhanddippingsolution(bleachwater)and

spray.TheroomsoneithersideoftheX-rayroomhaveawatersourcetoprepareyoursolutions.

• Ifyouchoosetonotplaceyouranimalsinanewcage,thereisanemptycageintheroom.Linethebottomofthecagewithafewpapertowelsandplaceyourmiceinthatcageandirradiate.OncefinishedwithyourirradiationthatcageMUSTbedecontaminatedforaminimumof10minuteswithbleachwater.

• Theroom,X-rayandhoodshouldallbecleanandfreeofbedding.PleaseseepostedSOPonthehood.

• Allmicestrainsshouldbesplit-dosedtoavoidlowgradeburns.

Levels inside the Chamber

Non-Animals(e.g.,cells,wellplates,flasks):

ThesespecimensaretypicallyirradiatedonLevels3,4,5usingtheAluminumSpecimenShelf(“shelfplate”).Duetothehighriskofburnswedonotuselevel6or7.

Acoupleofpointsregardingusinglevelsandtheshelf-plate:

-Toensurerelativedoseuniformity;ifyou
areusingtheshelfplate,thespecimen(s)
shouldfitwithinthecircularareaofthelevelyouareirradiatingat(85%doseuniformityatouteredgesofthecircle).FortheaspecimeninsidetheRAD+reflectorblock,theuniformityis98%.


-Theradiationdoserateishighlydependentuponthedistancefromtheradiationsource(x-raytube).Therefore,forcertainspecimens(e.g.,testtubes,flasks,plates)youshouldlayitemshorizontallytomaintainthedoserequired.Donotstackplatessincethehigherplateswillbeirradiatedatahigherdose.

-Theradiationdoserateishighlydependentuponthedensityofthespecimen.Tubesarefinebutifyouhaveyoursampleinanicebucketyoumayneedtoadjustyourirradiationtime.

Thedoseratesandcorrespondingirradiationtimesaregivenona“DoseChart”whichispostedonthefrontofeachirradiator,aswellasonourwebsite: https://www.immunology.umn.edu/research-equipment-services/x-ray-irradiator .

Example: Calculating Irradiation Time If Dose is NOT listed on Dose Chart Suppose you wish to give a specimen a dose of 34 Gy on Level 3. Looking at the Dose Chart, the dose rate at Level 3 is 1.8 Gy/minute. Dividing dose by the dose rate (34 ÷ 1.8) gives a total irradiation time of 18.89 minutes.

Doses are for machine setting: 160 KV, 25mA

RAD+(blac

k boran carbonite

box)

ANIMAL CAGE

LEVEL 1

LEVEL 2

LEVEL 3

LEVEL 4

LEVEL 5

cGy/Rad

dose

Gray(Gy) dose

Dose Rate: 112 rads

Or 1.1Gy/min

Dose Rate: 114 rads

Or 1.4Gy/min

Dose Rate: 101 rads

Or 1.0Gy/min

Dose Rate: 132 rads

Or 1.3Gy/min

Dose Rate: 180 rads

Or 1.8 Gy/min

Dose Rate: 256 rads

Or 2.6 Gy/min

Dose Rate: 410 rads

Or 4.1 Gy/min

100 1 54S 55S 1M 00S 46S 34S 22S 15S 250 2.5 2M 14S 2M 11S 2M 28S 1M 53S 1M 23S 59S 33S 500 5 4M 28S 4M 23S 4M 57S 3M 47S 2M 47S 1M 57S 1M 13S

1,000 10 8M 56S 8M 47S 9M 54S 7M 35S 5M 33S 3M 55S 2M 27S 1,500 15 13M 25S 13M 09S 14M 51S 11M 22S 8M 19S 5M 51S 3M 39S 2,000 20 17M 51S 17M 33S 19M48S 15M 9S 11M 06S 7M 49S 4M 53S 2,500 25 22M 19S 21M 56S 24M 45S 18M 57S 13M 53S 9M 46S 6M 06S 3,000 30 26M 48S 26M 19S 29M 42S 22M 43S 16M 40S 11M 43S 7M 19S 3,500 35 31M 15S 30M 42S 34M 39S 26M 32S 19M 27S 13M 41S 8M 33S 4,000 40 35M 42S 35M 06S 39M 36S 30M 18S 22M 14S 15M 38S 9M 45S 6,000 60 53M 35S 52M 32S 59M 24S 45M 27S 33M 19S 23M 27S 14M 37S 10,000 100 see Deb see Deb see Deb see Deb 55M 34S 39M 04S 24M 24S 12,500 125 see Deb see Deb see Deb see Deb 1H 09M 27S 48M 51S 30M 29S 17,500 175 see Deb see Deb see Deb see Deb see Deb 1H 08M 22S 42M 41S 20,000 200 see Deb see Deb see Deb see Deb see Deb see Deb 48M 47S

1cGy=1 Rad 1Gy=100cGy (100 Rads) 10Gy=1000cGy (1000 Rads)=1 kiloRad 100Gy=10000cGy Notethatsomeofthetimeshaveanotationto“SeeDeb”thatisbecauseifthemachineiscontinuouslyranformorethananhouritwilloverheatandshutdown.Topreventthemachinefromoverheatingwerunoursamplefor59minutes,letthemachineturnofftheX-raybutkeepthefansgoingfor15minutes,thisallowsthe200gallonsofinternalwatertocooldowntomaintainalowercoretempfortheX-raytube.Oncethecooldownisdone,simplyenteryourremainingtimeandcontinueyourrun.Inmostcases,theDoseChartwillprovidetheirradiationtimeneeded.However,ifadoseisnotprovidedyoucanusethedoseratetocalculatetheirradiationtime,asshownintheexamplebelow:

Onceyouhavedeterminedtheirradiationtimeyouarereadytoenterinthetimeandperformtheirradiationasfollows:

1.Placethespecimeninthechamber.Forsmallanimals,placetheHEPAfilteredcagewithintheRAD+block.Fornon-animalspecimens,placetheshelfplateattheleveldesiredandplacethespecimenontheplate.

2.OntheMainMenuyouwillselectPROGRAMSETUPifyouhavenotalreadyprogrammedanirradiationtimeinforoneprograms(A,B,C,orD).IfyouhavealreadyprogrammedinanirradiationtimegotoStep3.AfterselectingPROGRAMSETUP,thefollowingscreen(AUTOPROGRAMSETUP)willappear(ProgramsCandDcanbeseenbypressingNEXT);

FortheProgramyouwishtoprogramanirradiationtimefor,pressMINorSECandakeypadwillappearonthedisplaywhichallowsentryoftheirradiationtime.Oncethetimehasbeenentered,pressMAINtoreturntothemainmenu.3.OntheMainMenu,choosePROGRAMSELECTandthefollowingwindow

willappear:

animal cage placed inside RAD+ block

ENT=enter, ESC=escape

4.Selecttheprogram(A,B,C,orD)youwishtorunandthenpressAUTO.5.PressSTARTandtheirradiationwillbegin(flashinglightsonthefrontoftheirradiatorwillflashonandoffindicatingthatx-raysarebeingproduced).6.Aftertheirradiationiscompleted,openchamberandremovespecimen.

IMPORTANTNOTE:Afterthelastirradiationhasbeen

completed,wait5minutesbeforeturningthekeytotheOFFposition.Thisisanextremelyimportantstepto

ensurethatthetubecoolsdownproperly(thetubecosts$25,000toreplace).

7.CompletetheUser’sLog(locatedonthefrontoftheirradiator)todocumentyourirradiatorusage,makesuretoleaveanynotesandyourchartstring.8.PostProcedureCleaning:Afteryouhavecompletedusingirradiator,performthefollowing;

a.Irradiator:Sprayapapertowelwithbleachsolutionandwipetheinsideoftheirradiatorchamberincludingtheshelfplate(ifused).b.BiosafetyCabinet:IftheBSCisusedsprayandwipedownallsurfacesinsidetheBSC.RepeatwithTECSurfsolution.c.Pleasedisposeofalldebrisandwasteinthewastebasketprovided.d.Emptythebleachwateranddryouttheanimalcageifused,placebackonthetopoftheirradiator.e.Returnallemptycagestotheproperdishroom.

9.ReturnthekeytothekeytraxunitinCCRB/WMBB,youarebilledin15minuteincrements.Billingisdoneattheendofeachmonth.Pleaseprovideachartstringtobillto.Ifyoudon’tincludeitonthesigninsheetintheroomthenemailittoDebatbenso010@umn.edu.10.Ifyoufailtoreturnthekeybetweensplitdoseirradiations(ie:youreturntoyourlabfor2-8hoursanddon’treturnthekeyeventhoughyouarenotirradiating)orbringthekeyhomewithyouthenyouwillbechargedforthefullamountoftimethatthekeyischeckedout.11.USERBEWARE!!Ifyouchoosetoleaveduringyourrun,rememberwehave2keys,someoneelsecancheckthesecondkeyoutandcomeintotheroomandinterruptyourrun.Onewaytoavoidthisistocheckoutbothkeys,andlockthe

roomdoorwhileyouaredoingyourrun.Pleasenotethatyouhavedonethisonthesheetintheroomsothatyouarenotdoublechargedforyourtime.12.AlluserswhosignuptousetheX-rayontheonlinecalendarhavefirstpriorityandcanaskausertoremovetheirsampleifsomeoneisintheroomwhohasnotsignedup.Pleasebecourteousandallowausertofinish,mostrunsareshortandafewminuteswon’thurtyou.Donotethisonthesign-upsheetthough,againIdon’twanttoover-chargeifyouhavetowait.

Faults&PossibleCausesIfduringnormaloperationofthemachineafaultconditionisdetectedanALARMSCREENwillbedisplayed.Table3intheoperatingmanuallistspossiblefaultsandthecorrectiveactionsfortheRS-2000.Mostofthetimeyouwilljustneedtohitclearandcontinueon.Ifthatdoesn’twork,turnoffthemachine,wait20secondsandturnitbackon.Ifneitherofthoseoptionswork,youwillneedtocontactDebatbenso010@umn.edu.Keepinmindthatsomeofthefaultsdonotretainyourtime,soifyouchoosetoleavetheroomandsomethinghappensyoursamplecouldbecompromised.Ifyouhit“stop”duringarun,yourtimeislostandthemachinewillgobacktotheAUTOpage.Makesuretonoteyourtimepriortohittingstop.Ifyouopenthedoorduringarun,yourtimeispreservedandyoucanchoosetoinitiate(Restart)yourrunorcancelit.

OtherPertinentInformationOntheRadSourcewebsite(www.radsource.com)informationpertainingtotheRS-2000irradiatorcanbefound.Thewebsitealsoprovidescontactinformationshouldyouwishtocontactatechnicalrepresentativedirectly.