Ch 15 Ch 15 Modern AmericaModern America

Sec 1 ImmigrationSec 1 Immigration

Between 1860 and 1900 over 14 million Between 1860 and 1900 over 14 million immigrants arrived in the U.S.immigrants arrived in the U.S.

One new group to enter in masses were One new group to enter in masses were European JewsEuropean Jews

Immigrants came to America for…Immigrants came to America for… EmploymentEmployment Few restrictionsFew restrictions Avoiding military serviceAvoiding military service Religious FreedomReligious Freedom The chance to move up the social ladderThe chance to move up the social ladder

Most immigrants Most immigrants entered the U.S. entered the U.S. through through Ellis Ellis IslandIsland, a small , a small island off of New island off of New York HarborYork Harbor

Angel IslandAngel Island in California was opened to in California was opened to process immigration on the West Coastprocess immigration on the West Coast

NativismNativism – – extreme dislike extreme dislike for foreigners, for foreigners, began to be a began to be a major problem major problem again in again in AmericaAmerica

In 1882 Congress passed the In 1882 Congress passed the Chinese Chinese Exclusion ActExclusion Act It barred Chinese immigration for 10 yearsIt barred Chinese immigration for 10 years Prevented Chinese in America from Prevented Chinese in America from

becoming citizensbecoming citizens It was renewed in Congress until 1943It was renewed in Congress until 1943

Sec 2 UrbanizationSec 2 Urbanization

The urban population of the U.S. grew The urban population of the U.S. grew from about 10 million in 1870 to over 30 from about 10 million in 1870 to over 30 million in 1900million in 1900

Immigrants were joined by farmers who Immigrants were joined by farmers who moved to cities for better pay, electricity, moved to cities for better pay, electricity, running water, plumbing, and running water, plumbing, and entertainmententertainment

Skyscrapers,Skyscrapers, were tall steel were tall steel frame buildings frame buildings that rose all that rose all over larger citiesover larger cities

Mass transit developed with the horse Mass transit developed with the horse car, then the trolley, and later the car, then the trolley, and later the elevated railroadelevated railroad

Separation by ClassSeparation by Class

The wealthy of the time lived in the heart The wealthy of the time lived in the heart of the city in elaborate homesof the city in elaborate homes

The middle class tended to live outside The middle class tended to live outside the citythe city

The working class lived in The working class lived in tenementstenements dark crowded multi-family apartmentsdark crowded multi-family apartments

Urban ProblemsUrban Problems

The growth of cities resulted in an The growth of cities resulted in an increase in crime, fire, disease, and increase in crime, fire, disease, and pollutionpollution

Contaminated drinking water from Contaminated drinking water from improper sewage disposal resulted in improper sewage disposal resulted in epidemics of typhoid fever and choleraepidemics of typhoid fever and cholera

Urban PoliticsUrban Politics

The problems in cities led to the The problems in cities led to the development of the development of the political machinepolitical machine

Party bossesParty bosses ran the political machines ran the political machines

The most famous was The most famous was Tammany HallTammany Hall

It’s boss was It’s boss was William M. TweedWilliam M. Tweed who was who was arrested for corruption and sent to prison arrested for corruption and sent to prison in 1874 in 1874

Sec 3 The Gilded AgeSec 3 The Gilded Age

Mark Twain and Charles Warner co-Mark Twain and Charles Warner co-wrote the novel, wrote the novel, The Gilded AgeThe Gilded Age

The term became the name for the time The term became the name for the time period from 1870 – 1900period from 1870 – 1900

The term “gilded” refers to something that The term “gilded” refers to something that is gold on the outside while the inside is is gold on the outside while the inside is made of something cheapermade of something cheaper

Horatio AlgerHoratio Alger, a minister from Mass., left , a minister from Mass., left the clergy, moved to New York, and the clergy, moved to New York, and wrote over 100 novels about rags-to-wrote over 100 novels about rags-to-riches storiesriches stories

Herbert SpencerHerbert Spencer, an English philosopher, , an English philosopher, first proposed the idea of first proposed the idea of Social Social DarwinismDarwinism

He taught that the theory of natural He taught that the theory of natural selection and evolution applied to human selection and evolution applied to human societysociety

Spencer taught that human society Spencer taught that human society evolved through competitionevolved through competition

Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie believed in Social believed in Social Darwinism but also felt that those who Darwinism but also felt that those who profited from society should give profited from society should give something backsomething back

Carnegie’s ideas became known as his Carnegie’s ideas became known as his Gospel of WealthGospel of Wealth

This philosophy pushed This philosophy pushed philanthropyphilanthropy, , using great fortunes to further social using great fortunes to further social progressprogress

RealismRealism

Realism was a new movement in art and Realism was a new movement in art and literature that portrayed people in realistic literature that portrayed people in realistic situationssituations

Mark Twain wrote the Mark Twain wrote the Adventures of Adventures of Huckleberry FinnHuckleberry Finn in 1884 in 1884

Twain is thought to have written the first Twain is thought to have written the first true American noveltrue American novel

Pop CulturePop Culture

Pop culture changed in the late 1800s Pop culture changed in the late 1800s since people had more time and moneysince people had more time and money

The saloon became a community and The saloon became a community and political center for menpolitical center for men

Coney IslandConey Island in New York was an in New York was an amusement park that became popularamusement park that became popular

Watching sports became a national Watching sports became a national pastimepastime

RagtimeRagtime was a music that became very was a music that became very popular during the time period.popular during the time period.

Sec 4 The Birth of ReformSec 4 The Birth of Reform

In 1897 journalist Henry George wrote a In 1897 journalist Henry George wrote a best-selling book called best-selling book called Progress and Progress and PovertyPoverty. .

Helping the Urban PoorHelping the Urban Poor

Organizations like the Salvation Army, Organizations like the Salvation Army, YMCA, Women’s Clubs, and the YMCA, Women’s Clubs, and the temperance movement were formed for temperance movement were formed for the needythe needy

Racial EqualityRacial Equality

Booker T. Washington formed the Booker T. Washington formed the Tuskegee InstituteTuskegee Institute in Alabama in 1881 in Alabama in 1881

W.E.B DuBoisW.E.B DuBois encouraged blacks to encouraged blacks to seek social justice and equality through seek social justice and equality through the NAACPthe NAACP

George Washington CarverGeorge Washington Carver was famous was famous for his work in agricultural science for his work in agricultural science

Plessey Vs. FergusonPlessey Vs. Ferguson upheld upheld segregation in 1896segregation in 1896

The The Morrill Land Grant ActMorrill Land Grant Act gave money gave money and land to states for the purpose of and land to states for the purpose of building collegesbuilding colleges

The movement in the 20The movement in the 20thth century that century that called for change in government, called for change in government, business, and social welfare became business, and social welfare became known as known as ProgressivismProgressivism

Theodore Roosevelt called the journalist Theodore Roosevelt called the journalist who were intent on exposing the who were intent on exposing the corruption, corruption, MuckrakersMuckrakers

Upton Sinclair wrote Upton Sinclair wrote The JungleThe Jungle about about problems in the meat packing industryproblems in the meat packing industry

Ida TarbellIda Tarbell wrote an expose about wrote an expose about Standard OilStandard Oil

Essay QuestionEssay Question

Explain the major influences of the Gilded age in terms of immigration, urbanization, and reforms.

Child LaborChild Labor TemperanceTemperance Education ReformEducation Reform Library ReformLibrary Reform Equal Opportunities for African Equal Opportunities for African

AmericansAmericans Women’s RightsWomen’s Rights Meat ProcessingMeat Processing Monopolies (standard oil)Monopolies (standard oil) Workers RightsWorkers Rights Immigration RestraintsImmigration Restraints