Ch. 17: Progressive Movement 1890-1920

Progressivism Roots of Progressivism Religious Groups Carrie Nation Radicals Muckrakers

The Jungle History of Standard Oil

Chicago Scientific Management Commission form of Gov’t. Council-Manager form of Gov’t. Robert “Battling Bob” LaFollette Direct Primary Muller v. Oregon, 1908 Minor v. Harppersett (1875) Suffrage Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909) Square Deal 1902 Coal Strike Curb Trusts

1903 Elkins Act 1906 Hepburn Act Pure Food & Drug Act, 1906 Conservation National Reclamation Act, 1902 US Forest Service, 1905 William H. Taft (1909-1913) Ballinger-Pinchot Affair, 1910 16th Amendment 17th Amendment Bull Moose Party

New Nationalism Woodrow Wilson New Freedom Underwood Tariff 18th Amendment 19th Amendment Federal Reserve System, 1913 Federal Trade Commission, 1914 Clayton Anti-Trust Act, 1914 Civil Rights Niagara Movement

Ch. 17: NC Competency Goals

US 7.01: Explain the conditions that led to the rise of Progressivism. US 7.02: Analyze how different groups of Americans made economic and

political gains in the Progressive Period. US 7.03: Evaluate the effects of racial segregation on different regions

and segments of the United States' society.

Student Objectives: Students will be able to:

Identify & explain the key terms on pages 518, 522, 531, 537, & 543. Successfully complete the chapter review on pages 544-545; Identify the main social problems of the time & explain how they were

solved; Explain the role of muckrakers in Progressive society; Identify & explain the presidency of all 3 Progressive Presidents; Analyze the Women’s Rights movement; Identify & explain all 4 Progressive Amendments; and Assess the problems faced by minority community & analyze the extent of

how those problems were addressed.

Grangers

Populists

PROGRESSIVISM• Reform movement that called for gov’t. to fix the problems of Society• 2 Main Goals: Protect individual rights & regulate big business• Mainly working class people

Social Reforms Gov’t. Reforms

Problems Solutions

Tenement HousesTenement HouseLaw 1901: Stricter building codes

Child Labor

Child Labor Committee 1904: To end child laborChildren’s Bureau, 1912: Investigate & end child labor

Meat PackingPure Food & DrugAct, 1906: Label food &change processingtechniques

Drinking

Prohibition & Temperance:Effort to ban alcoholLed by Carrie Nation

Problems Solutions

Spoils System &

Patronage

Merit System & Pendleton Act: Musttake test to prove you can do the job

Political Machines&

City Bosses

City-Manager Form & Commission Form of Gov’t.: Professionals in charge of running the city gov’t.

17th Amendment: Citizens elect their Senators, not city boss

Direct Primary: Votersselect nominees for upcoming elections

PROGRESSIVISM REFORMERSThe people or groups that made it happen

Social Reformers

Gov’t. Reformers

Muckrakers• Investigative journalists thatexposed problems in society• Uncovered ugly aspects of American life Social

Gospel Mvmt.

YMCA

SalvationArmy

TemperanceMvmt.

Robert “BattlingBob” La Follette:

Reformer at State level

Upton Sinclair

Exposed problems inMeat packing industryWrote: The Jungle

Ida Tarbell

Jacob Riis

Ida Wells

Exposed problems inStandard Oil IndustryWrote: History of Standard OIl

Exposed problems withTenement housingWrote: How the Other½ Lives

Exposed lynchingWrote: Lynching & Other Southern Horrors

US Presidents:Teddy Roosevelt

William TaftWoodrow Wilson

Reformers at theFederal level

PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENTTHEODORE ROOSEVELT: 1901-1908

RepublicanNicknames: TR, Teddy, Trustbuster

Tariffs

Feelings aboutTrusts

• Keep good ones & get rid of bad ones• Enforced ShermanAnti-Trust Act

Platform Square Deal: Protect little people from Big Business

High

Laws Passed

Elkins Act, 1903: Illegal to change ratesor give rebates withoutnotice

Hepburn Act, 1906:Set maximum raterailroads can charge

Pure Food & Drug Act, 1906

Conservation

• TR considered this to be a very important issue• Nat’l. Reclamation Act, 1902: Created irrigation projects in the West• US Forest Srvc., 1905: Manages Nation’s water & timber resources

Conservation Laws

• 1902 Coal Strike: TR used arbitrationto stop strike; threatened to use military• Pres. Can end strikes to protect American people

PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENT

William Taft: 1909-1913Republican

Platform None

Feelings aboutTrusts Attacked ALL trusts

Tariffs Said he would lowertariffs, but never did

Conservation • Ballinger-Pinchot Affair, 1910: Sold land TR set aside • Angered TR & conservationists

Laws Passed None

Amendments

16th: Income Tax

17th: Direct Electionof Senators

TR Returns toPolitics

TR didn’t like what Taft was doing & decided to run for Pres. in 1912

Bull Moose Party Progressive 3rd Party of TR Tariff reductions, women’s

suffrage, labor reforms, conservation etc.

New Nationalism: Fed. Gov’t. would put national need before sectional or personal advantage

Reforming public welfare

Shot during campaign speech, kept speaking despite wound (1.5 hrs.)

In the 1912 election, the Rep. party split their vote between Taft & TR

TR got more votes than Taft, but Dems. won & take control of Congress

PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENT

Woodrow Wilson: 1913 – 1920Democrat

PlatformNEW FREEDOM

Attacked the triple wallof privilege

Tariffs, Trusts & High Finance

Feelings aboutTrusts

Committed to regulating Big Business

Federal Trade Commission,1914: Investigated

Unfair business practices

Clayton Anti-Trust Act, 1914:Unions & strikes are legal

Tariffs Underwood Tariff:Lowered tariffs

Amendments

18th: Prohibition

19th: Women’s suffrage

FinancesFederal Reserve BankSystem, 1913: • Controls $ supply• 12 districts in USA• Prevented bankfailures

Laws Passed

Women had very few rights in the early 20th Century (1900s)

Court Cases

Muller v. Oregon, 1908Limited hours womenLaundry workers could

workMinor v. Happersett, 1875

Said women were citizens,but they were not

guaranteed the right tovote

Women’s movement to gainThe right to vote

Used picketing, parades, &civil disobedience

Suffrage

19th Amendmentgave women the

right to voteLeaders of the Women’s Suffrage Movement

Susan B. AnthonyElizabeth Cady Stanton

Josephine Ruffin

PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENTS & CIVIL RIGHTS

Progressive Presidents did very little to aid civil rights

for certain groups

AfricanAmericans

• Jim Crow Laws made Stronger• No Anti-Lynching Laws

Niagara Movement:Meeting of African

Americans to discuss blackconcerns & issues

NativeAmericans

• Forced to assimilate & liveon reservations• Feared culture would notsurvive

• 1930s: Finally allowedTo practice traditions• Equality still a long wayoff

Immigrants • Faced lots of discrimination

Booker T. Washington

Believed higher education for African Americans was limited

Urged African Americans to compete economically, not socially Economic importance will

end racism

Created all African American college – the Tuskegee Normal & Industrial Institute 1881, Alabama

Education for trades & farming

WEDB Du Bois

1st African American to earn Harvard PhD

Believed African Americans should seek liberal arts to have well educated leaders Be more than just

farmers, etc.

Wanted to challenges whites socially & economically

Used peaceful activism

 

                     

                                       

George Washington Carver

Instructor at Tuskegee

Helped to end dependence on cotton in the South

Showed importance of peanuts & sweet potatoes

100s of new uses for peanuts: Inks Dyes Plastics Medicines

Ida Wells

Between 1885 & 1900: 2,500 African Americans lynched in the South It was a family affair – it

was a form of Southern entertainment

Wrote Lynching & Other Southern Horrors to draw attention to the problems in the South

Called for anti-lynching legislation

Talented 10th

Small elite group of African Americans who led the

community to end racism

NAACP National Association for the Advancement of

Colored People

Organization created to protect the rights of African Americans

Du Bois helped create in 1909