TUNESMITH CHAPTER 4 WORKSHEET DARYL NICHOL 1. Metaphor – It is a semantic device describing one thing by comparing it to another thing and calling attention to their commonality. Examples: the lyricist may have jumped the gun, the bank manager has cold feet, every school has a few bad apples. Simile – A figure of speech (word game) suggesting a literal relationship between two unlike things, usually beginning with “like” or “as”. Examples: wondered aimlessly as a cloud, cold as a witch’s tit, his approach to conversation was awkward like a scientist at a sermon. Imagery – Language that is designed to create mental imagers in conjunction with the reader’s or listener’s imagination. Examples: Her eyes were glacier blue with cosmic shards, her hair was sand-fall and baby powder fine, her skin was silk wrapped in silk. Analogy – It is comparing one thing to another thing in order to suggest that even though the basic nature of these things is different they possess striking similarities. Examples: distracting as nails on a chalkboard, the party ended up a drunken little league baseball game on cocaine, intuition is to the soul as logic is to the brain. Allegory – In essence, it is symbolism. The characters or situations written about represent profound truths about the human condition. Examples: Animal Farm by George Orwell, Pink Floyd’s The Wall, William Golding’s Lord of the Flies. 2. “Conversational Tone” is a way of writing lyrics that has a “this-is-the-way-people-talk” minimalism to it. It’s the musical equivalent of cinema verite. Some lyricists that use this style are; Joni Mitchell, Randy Newman, Carly Simon, Stephen Bishop, Jimmy Webb. 3. A Rhyme Scheme is the placement and frequency of rhymes in a given lyric. First verse of “By the Time I Get to Pheonix” has a rhyme scheme of ABCB.

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TUNESMITH CHAPTER 4 WORKSHEETDARYL NICHOL

1. Metaphor It is a semantic device describing one thing by comparing it to another thing and calling attention to their commonality. Examples: the lyricist may have jumped the gun, the bank manager has cold feet, every school has a few bad apples.

Simile A figure of speech (word game) suggesting a literal relationship between two unlike things, usually beginning with like or as. Examples: wondered aimlessly as a cloud, cold as a witchs tit, his approach to conversation was awkward like a scientist at a sermon.

Imagery Language that is designed to create mental imagers in conjunction with the readers or listeners imagination. Examples: Her eyes were glacier blue with cosmic shards, her hair was sand-fall and baby powder fine, her skin was silk wrapped in silk.

Analogy It is comparing one thing to another thing in order to suggest that even though the basic nature of these things is different they possess striking similarities. Examples: distracting as nails on a chalkboard, the party ended up a drunken little league baseball game on cocaine, intuition is to the soul as logic is to the brain.

Allegory In essence, it is symbolism. The characters or situations written about represent profound truths about the human condition. Examples: Animal Farm by George Orwell, Pink Floyds The Wall, William Goldings Lord of the Flies.

2. Conversational Tone is a way of writing lyrics that has a this-is-the-way-people-talk minimalism to it. Its the musical equivalent of cinema verite. Some lyricists that use this style are; Joni Mitchell, Randy Newman, Carly Simon, Stephen Bishop, Jimmy Webb.

3. A Rhyme Scheme is the placement and frequency of rhymes in a given lyric. First verse of By the Time I Get to Pheonix has a rhyme scheme of ABCB.

4. Examples of 2-verse forms are in the songs; People by Jule Styne/Bob Merrill, Suddenly, Heres That Rainy Day by Burke&Allen, I Left My Heart in San Francisco by Cross&Cory, Unforgettable by Irving Gordon.

5. The true meaning of the word Ballad is; a story told in song utilizing multiple verses that are musically identical. A few ballads are; Nettie Moore (Bob Dylan), Gentle On My Mind (John Hartford), El Paso (Marty Robbins)

6. A Prologue is a traditional, almost antique device, a preparatory statement that is placed in front of the first verse by way of introduction. As Time Goes By from Casablanca has a prologue.

7. The Bridge,or release usually goes after a verse in a two verse form. It must go between the first and second verse, or between the second and third verse. Its function is to release boredom and repetition in the song form. It scales the emotional apex, and the song then subsides poignantly in the final verse.