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Axial & Appendicular. Skeletal System. Ch 7. Axial Skeleton. Appendicular Skeleton. Types of Bones. Long Bones - metacarples, metatarsals, phelangies, humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula Short Bones - carpals, tarsals Flat Bones - rib, scapula, skull, sternum - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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• Long Bones- metacarples, metatarsals, phelangies, humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula
• Short Bones- carpals, tarsals
• Flat Bones- rib, scapula, skull, sternum
• Irregular Bones- vertebrae, some facial bones
• Sesamoid- patella
Depression & Openings:• Fissure• Foramen• Fossa• Sulcus• Meatus
Processes:• Condyle• Facet• Head• Crest• Epicondyle• Line• Spinous process• Trochanter• Tubercle• Tuberocity
Bone MarkingsTwo types of bone markings:
– Projections (aka processes) that grow out from the bone
– Depressions (cavities) that indent the bone
Joint Projections1) Condyle: Rounded articular projection
Condyle
Joint Projections2) Head: bony
expansion on a narrow neck
3) Facet: smooth, nearly flat articular surface
Joint Projections4) Ramus: Armlike bar of bone
Ligament/Tendon Projections
1) Crest: Narrow ridge of bone (Line: smaller than a crest)
2) Epicondyle: Raised area on or above a condyle
ULNA
3) Tubercle: Small rounded projection
4) Tuberosity: large rounded or roughened projection
5) Trochanter: very large, blunt projection
(only on femur)
Proximal Tibia
6) Spine: Sharp, pointed projection
Thoracic Vertebrae
DEPRESSIONS• Allow blood vessels or nerves to pass
through.
1) Meatus: (me - A- tus) Canal or tube
Depressions2) Fossa: shallow basin
3) Fissure: narrow, slit-like opening
Depressions
4) Sinus: Cavity within a bone; filled with air and lined with mucous membranes
5) Foramen: Round or oval opening
Foramen Magnum
Depressions6) Sulcus, Groove or Furrow: a shallow
depression
CraniumFacial Bones
Anterior View
CraniumFacial Bones
Lateral View
Posterior View
Inferior View
• Warm and moisten air• Lighten the skull• Enhance voice resonance
Frontal Sinus
Ethmoid SinusSphenoid Sinus
Maxillary Sinus
The Vertebral Column
Cervical Vertebrae (7)
Thoracic Vertebrae (12)
Lumbar Vertberae (5)
Sacrum
Coccyx
Cervical Vertebrae
Cervical Vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae
The Thoracic Cage
SternumTrue
Ribs (7)
False
Ribs (3)
Floating
Ribs (2)
Ribs & Vertebrae
Sacrum & Coccyx
Bones of the Pectoral Girdle
Bones of the Pectoral Girdle
HumerusUlna
RadiusCarpals
MetacarpalsPhalanges
The Upper Limb (Forelimb)
Some Lovers Try PositionsLunateIn the moonlight
TriquetrumThe third T Bone
PisiformPea-shaped
That They Can't Handle
Trapezium:“It’s by the thumb”
Trapezoid“Is by its side”
Capitate
HamateA hamboneWith a hook
ScaphoidA boat
Right Palm
Pelvis
Ischium
Ilium
Acetabulum
PubisIschium
Obturator foramen
Pelvis (lateral view)
FemurPatellaTibiaFibula
TarsalsMetatarsalsPhalanges
The Lower Limb (Legs)
metatarsals
phelangies
tarsals
metatarsals
phelangies
tarsals
Mnemonic for Learning Tarsal Bones:
Medialcuneiform (1)
Intermediatecuneiform (2)
Lateralcuneiform (3)
NavicularA boatIt sails on the Cs
Talus
Cuboid
Tiger Cubs Need M I L C
Calcaneus
Kyphosis Lordosis
Scoliosis
1. What is the difference between the appendicular and axial skeleton?
2. What is a fontanel?
3. Weight bearing vertebrae are called?
4. Which vertebrae has transverse foramen?
5. What bones make up the orbit of the eye?
6. Which bones are the keystone to the facial bones and keystone to the cranial bones?
7. Where on the clavicle is the weakest spot and most likely to be broken?
8. List 3 functions of sinuses.
INQUIRY