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Ch. 8-10: From the Jazz Age to the New Deal
Bell Work…
Copy and answer the following question into your notes:
What dangers and changes did the United States face after WWI?
Supply-Side Economics- lower taxes will boost the economy as businesses and individuals invest their money, thereby creating higher tax revenue
Cooperative Individualism- Hoover’s policy of encouraging manufacturers/distributors to form their own organizations and volunteer info to the fed. gov’t in order to stimulate the economy
Isolationism- national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs
Your Task…
Using the textbook, compare and contrast the presidencies of Harding and Coolidge (pg. 260-264).
Make sure you include:
▪ Teapot Dome Scandal
▪ Isolationism
▪Dawes Plan
▪Kellogg-Briand Pact
Your Assignment…
Complete the Ch. 8-10: From the Jazz Age to the New Deal Assessment Packet.
Bell Work…
Copy and answer the following question into your notes:
What government policies helped the economy recover from the postwar recession?
The Rise of New Industries1. Mass Production- production of large quantities of goods using
machinery and often an assembly line
2. Assembly Line- production system with machines/workers arranged so that each person performs an assigned task again and again as the item passed before him/her
3. Model T- automobile built by the Ford Motor Company from 1908-1927
4. Rising disposable incomes allowed Americans to buy innovations (electric razors, facial tissues, frozen foods, mouthwash, deodorants, cosmetics, perfumes, etc.)
5. Airline industry became popular after Lindbergh’s transatlantic flight in 1927
6. Radio industry also became popular- NBC and CBS were the two biggest companies in the realm
The Consumer Society & Farm Crisis1. Higher wages and shorter workdays resulted in a decade-long
buying spree that kept the economy booming
2. Individual borrowing (credit) was increasing quite rapidly
3. Mass advertising became the best thing since ‘sliced bread’ and helped associate products with desired qualities: progress, convenience, leisure, success, etc.
4. Nation’s standard of living improved as companies split into divisions with more managers
5. African Americans, Native Americans, and immigrants had difficulty finding work and were left out of the economic boom
6. Farmers earned less than 1/3 of income of other American workers; produced higher yields, but the demand wasn’t there
Your Assignment…
Continue working on the Ch. 8-10: From the Jazz Age to the New Deal Assessment Packet.
Bell Work…
Copy and answer the following question into your notebook:
How did new industries change the lives of Americans in the 1920s?
Nativism and Immigration Policies1. Nativism- hostility toward immigrants
2. 100% Americanism- movement that celebrated all things American while it attacked foreign ideas/people
3. Sacco-Vanzetti Case reflected prejudices and fears of immigrants and anarchists
4. The KKK returned and targeted African Americans, Catholics, Jews, and immigrants
5. President Harding signed the Emergency Quota Act, restricting admission the US by ethnic groups
6. National Origins Act- passed in 1924, it made immigration restriction a permanent policy
Flapper- young woman in the 1920s who wore her hair bobbed, wore makeup, dressed in flashy, skimpy clothes, and lived a life of independence and freedom
Fundamentalism- belief in the literal interpretation of a particular religion’s doctrine or holy books
Creationism- belief that God created the world and everything in it
Evolution- holds that inherited characteristics of a population change over generations and that as a result of these changes, new species sometimes arise
Bootleggers- people who smuggled liquor during Prohibition
Speakeasies- illegal bars where alcohol was served during Prohibition
The Roaring TwentiesCrash Course
Your Assignment…
Continue working on the Ch. 8-10: From the Jazz Age to the New Deal Assessment Packet.
Bell Work…
Copy and answer the following question into your notebook:
Why did nativism strengthen during the 1920s, and how did the gov’t deal with the tensions?
Your Task…
In partners, read Lessons 8.4-8.5 (pg. 275-283) and complete the chart provided.
Cultural InnovationsBohemian-
Mass Media-
Cultural Movement Main Characteristics
Art
Literature
Popular Culture
African American Culture and PoliticsJazz-
Blues-
The Harlem Renaissance
What does the Harlem Renaissance reveal about African American
culture in the 1920s?
What does the work of writers and performers of the Harlem
Renaissance show about African American culture of the
1920s?
African Americans and 1920s Politics
How did African American leaders differ in their approaches to
political actions during this decade?
What differing steps did African Americans take to achieve
political goals during the 1920s?
Popular Culture of the 1920s
1. Radio broadcasts brought a shared culture to numerous Americans
2. Movies with sound became popular, including Steamboat Willie
3. Celebrities became a new type of hero
4. Charles Lindbergh became the first person to make a transatlantic flight
5. F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway and George Gershwin became household names
The Harlem Renaissance1. Great Migration- major relocation of African Americans
from 1910 into the 1920s to northern cities
2. Harlem Renaissance- African American art and literature movement in the 1920s
3. Common theme among HR writers was defiance or resistance of white prejudice
4. Jazz- type of American music that blends several different musical forms from the Deep South
5. African Americans developed a strong sense of racial pride and identity
Your Assignment…
Continue working on the Ch. 8-10: From the Jazz Age to the New Deal Assessment Packet.
Bell Work…
Copy and answer the following question into your notebook:
How did African American leaders differ in their approaches to political actions during this decade?
Installment Buying- paying for an item over a period of time with a series of small payments
Credit- system of borrowing money from banks to make purchases, then paying it back later with interest
The Long Bull Market1. 1928 Presidential election pinned Alfred E. Smith (D) against
Herbert Hoover (R)
2. Stock Market- system for buying and selling stocks to corporations
3. Bull Market- long period of rising stock prices
4. Speculation- act of buying stocks at great risk with the anticipation that the prices will rise
5. Gross National Product- total value of all goods and service produced in a nation
6. Buying on Margin- buying stocks with loans from brokers
7. Margin Call- demand by a broker that investors pay back loans made for stocks purchased on margin
The Stock Market Crashes
1. Stock Market reached its highest point on September 3, 1929
2. Sales of some manufactured goods were sagging badly
3. Rumors spread that some big investors were getting ready to take their money out of the market
4. Investors began selling stocks causing stock prices to plunge
5. Black Tuesday- Tuesday, October 29, 1929; the day that the stock market crashed
Causes of the 1929 Stock Market Crash
Economic Factors
▪ Poor distribution of wealth
▪ Many consumers relied on
credit
▪ Credit dried up
▪ Consumer spending dropped
▪ Industry struggled
Financial Factors
▪ Stock markets rise in mid-
1920s
▪ Speculation in stock
increases
▪ Margin buying encouraged
by Federal Reserve policies
▪ Stock prices rise to
unrealistic levels
Your Task…
Interactive Whiteboard Activities:
▪Chart: The Market Falls
▪Video: The Crash
▪ Images: Wall Street Mayhem
▪Graph: Income and Spending
Black Tuesday Foretells the Great
DepressionDiscovery Education
Effects of the Crash1. Stock market collapse ruined many individual investors
2. Investors owed enormous amounts of money to their brokers for stocks they had been forced to sell below cost
3. Depositors withdrew money from banks
4. Banks lost money from stocks and from loans made to stockbrokers
5. Banks and investors were unwilling/unable to provide industry with money needed to expand/grow
6. Consumers cut back spending on everything but essentials
7. US gov’t passed high tariffs to protect their own industries
Your Task…
Complete the Stock Market Crash of 1929 Simulation.
The Stock Market Game
▪You have a list of companies in front of you. Most of the stock companies existed in the 1920s. Some became successful, others failed.
▪Read each prospectus and decide which stocks you want to purchase.
▪Each student will et a worksheet.
▪ In the game, there will be 7 price changes between 1920 and 1929. You will sell your stock only at the end o the game and then calculate your total profit or loss.
The Stock Market Game, Cont.
▪You will be given $300 to invest and a pre-approved credit line of $200.
▪All company stock prices start at $10/share in 10-share certificates (beginning price of $100 per certificate).
▪After the 1929 announcement the market closes and each student will calculate the total for all of their stock certificates at the current market value (less any outstanding debt).
▪ The student with the most money at the end of the simulation is the winner!
The Stock Market Game, Cont.
▪COMPLETE YOUR WORKSHEET NOW!▪ Remember all company stock prices start at $10/share in 10-
share certificates (beginning price of $100 per certificate).
▪ This means you can buy stock in up to 5 different companies
▪ You can choose to use your line of credit ($200) or not! If you don’t use it, you lose it.
▪ You must use all your cash ($300) to purchase stock.
The Stock Market is Now Open!!!
You have 5 minutes to buy stock!!!
The Stock Market is Now Closed!!!
Your Assignment…
Continue working on the Assessment Packet.
Stock Market Simulation: Day 2
Calculating Profit or Loss▪Write down the current stock prices of the stock you
OWN. Remember, you cannot buy or sell your stock.
▪Calculate your profit or loss:
A x B = D (price per share x # of shares owned)
▪Calculate new total at bottom of column “D”
▪Subtract “NEW” total from “OLD” total. If the number is less than in 1918 then put a negative sign in front of the number. Put this number on the bottom of the last column.
▪Double-check your calculations by calculating the profit and loss for each stock you own.
Calculating Profit or Loss
▪Watch as the teacher shows you how to calculate your profit or loss.
▪Check your partner’s calculations.
▪Raise your hand if you would sell your stock at this point.
▪Raise your hand if you think you are making the most profit.
Bell Work…
Copy and answer the following question into your notebook:
What were the basic economic weaknesses in the American economy in the late 1920s?
Hobo- homeless person, typically one who is traveling in search of work
Great Depression- most severe economic downturn in the history of the US
Foreclosure- when a lender takes over ownership of a property from an owner who has failed to make loan payments
Hoovervilles- makeshift shantytowns that sprung up during the Great Depression
The Dust Bowl
1. Drought- period of very dry weather
2. Careless agricultural practices left the Great Plains with no vegetation to hold soil in place
3. Dust Bowl- nickname for the Great Plains regions hit by drought and dust storms in the early 1930s
4. By the late 1930s, more than 2.5 million people left the Great Plains
5. Okies- nickname for a farmer who left the Dust Bowl in search of work
Soap Operas- serial drama on television or radio using melodramatic situations
Your Task…
Interactive Whiteboard Activities:
▪Map: Dust Bowl
▪Art of the 1930s
Your Assignment…
Continue working on the Assessment Packet.
Stock Market Simulation: Day 3
Bell Work…
Read the following quote. Do you agree or disagree with President Hoover?
“Economic depression cannot be cured by legislative action or executive pronouncement. Economic wounds must be healed by the action of the cells of the economic body—the producers and consumers themselves.”
-Herbert Hoover
Message to Congress, December 1930
Associative State- term for President Hoover’s vision of voluntary partnership between business associations and the gov’t
Hoover Dam- built in the 1930s with funding from the federal gov’t to control the CO River
Cooperative- organization that is owned and controlled by its members
Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)- program that provided aid to struggling banks and other institutions during the Great Depression
Smoot Hawley Tariff Act- extremely high tariff on farm products and manufactured goods
Hoover’s Response to the Depression
Cautious Beginnings Reluctant Public Relief
National Credit Corporation
▪ Started in October 1931
▪ Increased money supply for
banks to lend to business
Reconstruction Finance
Corporation
▪ Begun in 1932
▪ Over $230 million loaned to
lenders, railroads
Emergency Relief and
Construction Act
▪ Passed by Congress in July
1932; reluctantly signed by
Hoover
▪ $1.5 billion in public works
finances provided
▪ $300 million in emergency loans
provided to state governments
Your Task…
In your groups, read the article Herbert Hoover and the Depression. Answer the questions under the heading Suggested Student Exercises into your notes.
Your Assignment…
Continue working on the Assessment Packet.
Stock Market Simulation: Day 4
Bell Work…
Cut and glue the following timeline into your notebook:
March 1933
President
Franklin
Delano
Roosevelt is
inaugurated.
August 1935
Congress passes
the Social Security
Act.
December 1936
United Auto
Workers stage a
sit-down strike
against General
Motors.
July 1937
Farm Tenancy Act
gives tenant farmers
the opportunity to
buy their own land.
October 1938
Radio broadcast of
H.G. Wells’s The
War of the Worlds
frightens listeners.
The Election of 19321. Joblessness was growing and banks were collapsing in
record numbers
2. FDR became a frontrunner for the Democratic Party
3. Public Works- gov’t funded building projects
4. FDR criticized Hoover and the Republicans for their response to the Great Depression
5. FDR won; Democrats gained 90 seats in the HR and 13 seats in the Senate
Hundred Days- first hundred days of FDR’s term as president
Gold Standard- monetary standard in which one ounce of gold equals a set number of dollars
Bank Holiday- closing of banks during the Great Depression to avoid bank runs
Fireside Chats- conversational radio addresses given by FDR
New Deal- FDR’s plan intended to bring economic relief, recovery, and reforms to the country after the Great Depression
Subsidy- gov’t payment that is aimed at achieving some public benefit
Your Task…
Read Lesson 10.1: The First New Deal; focus on the sections The Hundred Days, Banks and Debt Relief, Farms and Industry, and Relief Programs.
Then, write down the most important information about each section on the chart provided.
The First New DealThe Hundred Days Banks and Debt Relief Farms and Industry Relief Programs
Your Task…
Interactive Whiteboard Activities:
▪Relief, Recovery, and Reform
Your Assignment…
Continue working on the Assessment Packet.
Stock Market Simulation: Day 5
Bell Work…
Copy and answer the following questions into your notes:
Do you believe that the New Deal was the solution to the Great Depression? Why or why not? Explain.
Trouble for the New Deal1. New Deal significantly changed the relationship between gov’t and
the American people
2. Deficit Spending- gov’t practice of spending borrowed money rather than raising taxes, usually in an attempt to boost the economy
3. Some believed the New Deal did not go far enough in reforming the economy
4. Conservatives attacked the New Deal as a radical break with traditional American ideals
5. Huey P. Long created the Share Our Wealth Society
6. Father Charles Coughlin and Dr. Francis Townsend criticized the New Deal for not doing enough
7. New Deal threatened to alter the balance of power among the president, the Congress, and the courts
Second New Deal- new set of programs in the spring of 1935 including additional banking reforms, new tax laws, new relief programs
Social Security- system for providing pensions for many Americans age 65+
CIO- group that broke away from the AFL to form the Committee for Industrial Organization
Sit Down Strike- strike in which workers refuse to work or leave a workplace until a settlement is reached
Major New Deal Programs
Relief
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), 1933
Provided jobs on conservation projects to young men whose families needed relief
Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA), 1933
Provided grants to states for direct relief to the needy
Public Works Administration (PWA), 1933
Provided public-works jobs for many of those needing relief
Civil Works Administration (CWA), 1933
Provided public-works jobs for many of those needing relief
Works Progress Administration (WPA), 1935
Provided public-works jobs on a wide range of projects for many of those needing relief
Social Security Act, 1935 *Still in existence
Established pensions for retirees, unemployment insurance, and aid for certain groups of low-income or disabled people
Farm Security Administration (FSA), 1937
Provided assistance to tenant farmers to help them purchase land or establish cooperatives
Reform
Emergency Banking Act, 1933
Gave federal government power to reorganize and strengthen banks
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), 1933 *Still in existence
Established an insurance program for deposits in many banks
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 1934 *Still in existence
Provided increased government regulation of the trading on stock exchanges
National Labor Relations Act (NLRB), 1935 *Still in existence
Established the National Labor Relations Board to enforce labor laws
Fair Labor Standards Act (Wages and Hours Law), 1938 *Still in existence
Established minimum wages and maximum hours for many workers
Recovery
Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA), 1933
Encouraged farmers to cut production in return for a subsidy
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), 1933 *Still in existence
Promoted development projects for the Tennessee River Valley—for example, to improve navigation, produce electricity, and control floods
National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), 1933
Encouraged cooperation among businesses in establishing production and labor practices
Federal Housing Administration (FHA), 1934 *Still in existence
Encouraged loans for renovating or building homes
Rural Electrification Administration (REA), 1935
Encouraged the delivery of electricity to rural areas
A Troubled Year1. FDR won the Election of 1936
2. The Supreme Court had struck down many New Deal programs
3. FDR proposed a reorganization of the Supreme Court
4. Court-Packing- act of a leader to change the political balance of power in a nation’s judiciary system by appoint judges who will rule in favor of his/her policies
5. Fall of 1937 the Stock Market fell again, with about 2 million Americans losing their jobs
The New Deal Ends
1. National Housing Act- established the US housing Authority
2. Congress created the Farm Security Administration to give loans to tenants so they could purchase farms
3. Fair Labor Standards Act- abolished child labor, limited the workweek to 44 hours for most workers, and set minimum wage at 25 cents/hour
4. Broker State- role of gov’t to work out conflicts among competing interest groups
5. Safety Net- gov’t relief programs intended to protect against economic disaster
Your Assignment…
Continue working on the Assessment Packet.
Stock Market Simulation: Day 6
Bell Work…
Copy and answer the following question into your notebook:
Why was 1937 a troubled year for Roosevelt and the Second New Deal?
Stock Market Simulation: Day 7
The End of the Game!
▪Calculate the total for all of your stock certificates at the current market value (less any outstanding debt).
▪ The student with the most money wins!
Review Questions▪ Why do you think you were successful (made a profit) or not (lost
money)?
▪ What will happen to the bank if thousands of people are unable to pay their loans back?
▪ What do you think would happen if the banks went out of business?
▪ What do you think would happen to the companies used in this simulation after the stock market crashed?
▪ What would happen to the people who worked for those companies?
▪ If you were living during the Great Depression and lost your job and all your money in the stock market and/or because of bank closures, what could you do to survive?
