Ch. 9 - 2 Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Verbs: Tenses and Parts Objectives Write verbs in the present, past, and future tenses correctly. Recognize

Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Ch. 9 - 2

Verbs: Tenses and Parts

Objectives• Write verbs in the present, past,

and future tenses correctly. • Recognize and use present and

past participles.• Write the correct forms of sixty

irregular verbs.• Supply correct verb forms in the

progressive and perfect tenses.


1. Present-tense verbs express current or habitual action.

Leo works in the Marketing Department.

2. Past-tense verbs show completed action.

Yesterday he worked late.

3. Future-tense verbs show action that is expected to occur at a later time.

He will work on that project next week.

Primary Tenses


• Be sure to use present-tense verbs to express “timeless” facts, even if the verbs occur with other past-tense verbs.

What is the name of the person who called me yesterday?

(NOT was.)

Primary Tenses


• Be sure that third-person singular verbs end in s.

He sends many e-mail messages.

(NOT send.)

Taylor works until 9 p.m.

(NOT work.)

Primary Tenses


Primary Tenses

• Do not use the present-tense verb goes for the past-tense verb said.

She said, “I’ll come right over,” and he said, “Great!”

(NOT she goes and he goes.)


• To be able to use irregular verbs correctly, you must also be able to recognize present and past participles.

Participles


• The present participle of a regular verb is formed by adding ing to the present part of the verb. When used in a sentence, the present participle is always preceded by some form of the helping verb be (is, am, are, was, were, been).

The contract is lying on the desk.

We are analyzing both proposals.

Participles


Participles

• The past participle of a regular verb is usually formed by adding a d or t sound to the present part of the verb.

• Past-participle verb phrases include has, had, or have and sometimes their auxiliaries could, would, and should.

She has worked for many businesses.

We have built a home in West Gate.

Lee should have asked for a raise.


Past Tense of Regular Verbs

• Regular verbs form the past tense with the addition of d, ed, or change of terminal d to t.

Present Form Add Past Form

work +ed worked believe +d believed

build d > t built


Past Tense of Irregular Verbs

• Irregular verbs, however, form the past tense (and past participle) in a variety of ways.

• Master the list of irregular verbs shown in your text by practicing with the following pattern:Present tense: Today I _____.

Past tense: Yesterday I _____.

Past participle: In the past I have _____.


• Try these verbs in the pattern: choose drink freeze swim

Present tense: Today I _____.



Pattern for Learning Irregular Verbs









Present tense: Today I choose.







Past tense: Yesterday I chose.







Past participle: In the past I have chosen.






Past participle: In the past I have chosen.










Present tense: Today I drink.







Past tense: Yesterday I drank.







Past participle: In the past I have drunk.






Past participle: In the past I have drunk.










Present tense: Today I freeze.







Past tense: Yesterday I froze.







Past participle: In the past I have frozen.






Past participle: In the past I have frozen.










Present tense: Today I swim.







Past tense: Yesterday I swam.







Past participle: In the past I have swum.







Past participle: In the past I have swum.


Frequently Misused Irregular Verbs

Lie - Lay• Pay special attention to the irregular

verbs lie and lay. Present Past

Present Participle Past Participle lie (to rest) lying lay lain

lay (to place) laying laid laid

Which verbs are transitive, thus requiring objects?


Select the correct verb.

1. “(Lie/Lay) over there,” Peter told his dog.

Check your skill . . .



1. “(Lie/Lay) over there,” Peter told his dog.




2. Today I may (lie/lay) down for a while.




2. Today I may (lie/lay) down for a while.




3. The magazines are (lying/laying) on the table.




3. The magazines are (lying/laying) on the table.




4. Are you (lying/laying) bricks today?




4. Are you (lying/laying) bricks today?




Sit - Set• Pay special attention to the irregular

verbs sit and set. Present Past

Present Participle Past Participle

sit (to rest) sitting sat sat

set (to place) setting set set




1. Does Jon (sit/set) near the copy machine?




1. Does Jon (sit/set) near the copy machine?




2. Barbara has (sat/set) the package on the floor.




2. Barbara has (sat/set) the package on the floor.




3. Mr. Toy is (sitting/setting) in the back of the room.




3. Mr. Toy is (sitting/setting) in the back of the room.




Rise - Raise• Pay special attention to the irregular

verbs rise and raise. Present Past

Present Participle Past Participle

rise (to go up) rising rose risen

raise (to lift up) raising raised raised




1. Sears is (rising/raising) prices on some products.




1. Sears is (rising/raising) prices on some products.




2. The elevator (rose/raised) to the fifth floor.




2. The elevator (rose/raised) to the fifth floor.




3. Stock prices have (risen/raised) substantially.




3. Stock prices have (risen/raised) substantially.



Present Progressive TenseFirst PersonI am planningwe are planning

Second Personyou are planning

Third Personhe, she, it is planningthey are planning

Progressive Tenses


Past Progressive TenseFirst PersonI was planningwe were planning

Second Personyou were planning

Third Personhe, she, it was planningthey were planning

Progressive Tenses


Progressive Tenses

Future Progressive TenseFirst PersonI will be planningwe will be planning

Second Personyou will be planning

Third Personhe, she, it will be planningthey will be planning


Present Perfect TenseFirst PersonI have plannedwe have planned

Second Personyou have planned

Third Personhe, she, it has plannedthey have planned

Perfect Tenses


Past Perfect TenseFirst PersonI had plannedwe had planned

Second Personyou had planned

Third Personhe, she, it had plannedthey had planned

Perfect Tenses


Perfect Tenses

Future Perfect TenseFirst PersonI will have planned we will have planned

Second Personyou will have planned

Third Personhe, she, it will have plannedthey will have planned


What is the correct form of the verb in parentheses?

1. In the past many permits were (deny) because the applications did not meet specifications.

Use past tense.

Chapter 9 - Quiz



1. In the past many permits were denied because the applications did not meet specifications.

Chapter 9 - Quiz



2. Karen often (hurry) to complete her work early so that she can leave to attend her evening class.

Use present tense.

Chapter 9 - Quiz



2. Karen often hurries to complete her work early so that she can leave to attend her evening class.

Chapter 9 - Quiz


What are the correct forms of the verbs in parentheses?

3. Because Karen (arrive) before 7 a.m., she (open) the office.

Use future tense.

Chapter 9 - Quiz


What are the correct forms of the verbs in parentheses?

3. Because Karen will arrive before 7 a.m., she will open the office.

Chapter 9 - Quiz


Correct any errors in the following sentence. (The sentence may already be correct.)

4. I wish you could have saw the look on her face.

Chapter 9 - Quiz



4. I wish you could have saw the look on her face.

Chapter 9 - Quiz



4. I wish you could have seen the look on her face.

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5. The auditor said that he had went over all the statement totals twice.

Chapter 9 - Quiz



5. The auditor said that he had went over all the statement totals twice.

Chapter 9 - Quiz



5. The auditor said that he had gone over all the statement totals twice.

Chapter 9 - Quiz



6. Yesterday we brung all the supplies to the office so that we could start early today.

Chapter 9 - Quiz



6. Yesterday we brung all the supplies to the office so that we could start early today.

Chapter 9 - Quiz



6. Yesterday we brought all the supplies to the office so that we could start early today.

Chapter 9 - Quiz



7. Please pick up all the papers that are laying around the office.

Chapter 9 - Quiz



7. Please pick up all the papers that are laying around the office.

Chapter 9 - Quiz



7. Please pick up all the papers that are lying around the office.

Chapter 9 - Quiz



8. If we had seen the address, we would not have drove right by the building.

Chapter 9 - Quiz



8. If we had seen the address, we would not have drove right by the building.

Chapter 9 - Quiz



8. If we had seen the address, we would not have driven right by the building.

Chapter 9 - Quiz



9. Before the plans could be drawn, the architect had to chose a style that pleased the client.

Chapter 9 - Quiz



9. Before the plans could be drawn, the architect had to chose a style that pleased the client.

Chapter 9 - Quiz



9. Before the plans could be drawn, the architect had to choose a style that pleased the client.

Chapter 9 - Quiz



10. After the actual construction was began, workers discovered a broken water line.

Chapter 9 - Quiz



10. After the actual construction was began, workers discovered a broken water line.

Chapter 9 - Quiz



10. After the actual construction was begun, workers discovered a broken water line.

Chapter 9 - Quiz


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Ch. 9 - 2 Mary Ellen Guffey, Business English, 8e Verbs: Tenses and Parts Objectives Write verbs in the present, past, and future tenses correctly. Recognize