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8/2/2019 Ch00 Introduction
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Biochemistry
An Introduction to the Chemistry of Life for Medical Students
Prof. H. LI ()
Head of Biochemistry
Department, Luzhou
Medical College
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Contact to me
If you have any question in
biochemistry study, please:
Email to [email protected]
Short Message to 13882736827
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Textbook
Hong-Ti Jia. Biochemistry (En).
Beijing: Peoples Medical
Publishing House, 2007
Hong Li. Experimental Courseof Biochemistry. Luzhou
Medical College, 2011
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Study-guiding Textbook
1. D. L. Nelson & M. M. Cox.
Lehninger's Principles of
Biochemistry, 5 ed.
W. H. Freeman, 2008
2. R. H. Garret & C. M. Grisham.
Biochemistry, 2 ed.
http://www.web.virginia.edu/Heidi/
home.htm
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Studying Schedule
Week Chapter Hours
1 Ch00 Introduction 3
1~2 Ch01 Structure and Function of Protein 9
3Ch02 Structure and Function of Nucleic
Acids6
4~5 Ch03 Enzymes 12
6~7 Ch04 Carbohydrate Metabolism 9
7~8 Ch05 Lipid Metabolism 9
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Studying Schedule
Week Chapter Hours
9 Ch06 Biological Oxidation 6
10~11 Ch07 Amino Acid Metabolism 12
11~12 Ch08 Nucleotide Metabolism 5
12 Ch09 Integration and Regulation ofMetabolism
2
Total 70
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Purposes ofStudying
Biochemistry
1. Learning the language of biochemistry and
molecule biology, careful explanations of
the meaning, origin, and significance of
biochemical and molecule biological terms.
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Purposes ofStudying
Biochemistry
2. A balanced understanding of the physical,
chemical, and biological situation of each
bio-molecule, each metabolic reaction,
each metabolic pathway and its regulation.
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Purposes ofStudying
Biochemistry
3. Explanation of the usefulness ofthe most
important techniques that have
contributed to our current understanding
of biochemistry and molecule biology.
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What is Life Made of ?
Physical and chemical sciences alone
may not completely explain the nature of
life.
So all medical students must have a
fundamental understanding of
biochemistry and molecule biology.
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What is Biochemistry?
Biochemistryis the combination of biology
and chemistry or the application of
chemical principles to understanding
biology.
But the applications of physics,
mathematics and computers are involved in
modern biochemistry or molecule biology.
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Questions for biochemists to
answer
1. Type, composition and structure of the
biomolecules?
2. How they act and interact ?
3. Their processes of synthesis and lysis?
4. How is energy generated and consumed?
5. How are the biochemical reactions
regulated?
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Questions for biochemists to
answer6. What is the carrier of genetic information
and how is it expressed and transmitted
information pathway?
7. How do cells and organisms grow,
differentiate, and reproduce?
8. What is the molecular basis of evolution
and mutation?
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Primary Organic Compounds
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids
You are expected to learn the structure and
functions of these organic compounds:
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Polymers and Monomers
Each of these types of molecules are
polymers that are assembled from single
units called monomers.
Each type of macromolecule is an
assemblage of a different type of monomer.
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Monomers
Macromolecule
Carbohydrates
(tng)(li)Lipids
(zh)(li)
Proteins
(dn)(bi)(zh)Nucleic acids
(h)(sun)
Monomer
Monosaccharide
(dn)(tng)Fatty acids, Glycerol, et al
(zh)(fng)(sun)
(gn)(yu)(dng)Amino acids
(n)(j)(sun)Nucleotides
(h)(gn)(sun)
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How do monomers form
polymers?
In condensation reactions (also called
dehydration synthesis), a molecule of water
is removed from two monomers as they are
connected together.
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Hydrolysis
In a reaction opposite to condensation, a
water molecule can be added (along with
the use of an enzyme) to split a polymer in
two.
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Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are made of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, always in a
ratio of 1:2:1.
Carbohydrates are the key source of energy
used by living things.
The building blocks of carbohydrates are
sugars, such as glucose and fructose.
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Carbohydrates
What do the prefix
mono-, di-, oligo-, and
poly mean?
Each of these roots
can be added to the
word saccharide to
describe the type ofcarbohydrate you
have.
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How do two monosaccharides
combine to make apolysaccharide?
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Polysaccharides
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Lipids
Lipids are molecules that consist oflong
hydrocarbon chains. Attaching the three
chains together is usually a glycerol
molecule. Lipids are NONpolar.
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Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fat
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Proteins
Proteins are complex building blocks of
structures called amino acids.
Proteins are what your DNA codes to make
(translation).
A peptide bond forms between amino acidsby dehydration synthesis.
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Some Amino Acids
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Polypeptide Chain
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Protein Structure
Level
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
Description
The amino acid sequence
Spatial structure of peptide framework
Spatial structure of one peptide chain
Spatial structure of multiple peptide
chains
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Levels ofProtein Structure
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Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are complex building blocks
of structures called nucleotides.
Nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA, are
synthesized by replication and transcription.
A 3,5-phosphodiester bond forms between
nucleotides by dehydration synthesis.
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Ribonucleotides vs.
Deoxyribonucleotides
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DNA vs. RNA
Polynucleotide
Chain
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Nucleic Acids Structure
Level
Primary
Secondary
Super-helix
Description
The nucleotides sequence
Double-helix structure of chain
Super-helix structure of chain
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Levels ofNucleic Acids Structure
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Key Points
What is biochemistry?
Why do medical students have to study
biochemistry course?
What are polymers and monomers in living
things?
How do we describe the structures of
proteins and nucleic acids?
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Good Luck In
Biochemistry Study !