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7/26/2019 Ch07c Ehap Lect
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Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slides 7.43 7.62
Seventh Edition
Elaine N. Marieb
Chapter 7
The Nervous System
Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. oo!
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CerebellumCerebellum
Slide 7.43aCopyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Two hemispheres with convoluted
surfaces Provides involuntary coordination of
body movements
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CerebellumCerebellum
Slide 7.43bCopyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 7.15a
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Protection of the Central NervousProtection of the Central Nervousystemystem
Slide 7.44aCopyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
calp and s!in
!ull and vertebral column
"eninges
Figure 7.1#a
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Protection of the Central NervousProtection of the Central Nervousystemystem
Slide 7.44bCopyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Cerebrospinal fluid
$lood brain barrier
Figure 7.1#a
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"eninges"eninges
Slide 7.45aCopyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
%ura mater
%ouble&layered e'ternal covering
Periosteum ( attached to surface of thes!ull
"eningeal layer ( outer covering of thebrain
Folds inward in several areas
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"eninges"eninges
Slide 7.45bCopyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
)rachnoid layer
"iddle layer
*eb&li!e
Pia mater
+nternal layer
Clings to the surface of the brain
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Cerebrospinal FluidCerebrospinal Fluid
Slide 7.46Copyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
imilar to blood plasma composition
Formed by the choroid ple'us
Forms a watery cushion to protect thebrain
Circulated in arachnoid space,ventricles, and central canal of thespinal cord
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-entricles and ocation of the-entricles and ocation of theCerebrospinal FluidCerebrospinal Fluid
Slide 7.47aCopyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 7.17a
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-entricles and ocation of the-entricles and ocation of theCerebrospinal FluidCerebrospinal Fluid
Slide 7.47bCopyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 7.17b
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$lood $rain $arrier$lood $rain $arrier
Slide 7.48Copyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
+ncludes the least permeable capillariesof the body
/'cludes many potentially harmfulsubstances
0seless against some substances
Fats and fat soluble molecules
espiratory gases
)lcohol
Nicotine
)nesthesia
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Traumatic $rain +n2uriesTraumatic $rain +n2uries
Slide 7.49Copyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Concussionlight brain in2ury
No permanent brain damage
ContusionNervous tissue destruction occurs
Nervous tissue does not regenerate
Cerebral edema
welling from the inflammatory response
"ay compress and !ill brain tissue
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Cerebrovascular )ccident 3C-)4Cerebrovascular )ccident 3C-)4
Slide 7.50Copyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Commonly called a stro!e
The result of a ruptured blood vessel
supplying a region of the brain
$rain tissue supplied with o'ygen fromthat blood source dies
oss of some functions or death mayresult
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)lheimer6s %isease)lheimer6s %isease
Slide 7.51Copyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Progressive degenerative brain disease
"ostly seen in the elderly, but maybegin in middle age
tructural changes in the brain includeabnormal protein deposits and twistedfibers within neurons
-ictims e'perience memory loss,irritability, confusion and ultimately,hallucinations and death
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pinal Cordpinal Cord
Slide 7.52Copyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
/'tends from themedulla oblongata tothe region of T1
$elow T1 is the caudae8uina 3a collection ofspinal nerves4
/nlargements occur inthe cervical and lumbarregions
Figure 7.19
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pinal Cord )natomypinal Cord )natomy
Slide 7.53aCopyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
/'terior white mater ( conduction tracts
Figure 7.1:
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pinal Cord )natomypinal Cord )natomy
Slide 7.53bCopyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
+nternal gray matter & mostly cell bodies%orsal 3posterior4 horns
)nterior 3ventral4 horns
Figure 7.1:
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pinal Cord )natomypinal Cord )natomy
Slide 7.53cCopyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Central canal filled with cerebrospinalfluid
Figure 7.1:
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pinal Cord )natomypinal Cord )natomy
Slide 7.54Copyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
"eninges cover the spinal cord
Nerves leave at the level of each
vertebrae%orsal root
)ssociated with the dorsal root ganglia (
collections of cell bodies outside the centralnervous system
-entral root
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Peripheral Nervous ystemPeripheral Nervous ystem
Slide 7.55Copyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Nerves and ganglia outside the central
nervous system Nerve ; bundle of neuron fibers
Neuron fibers are bundled by
connective tissue
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tructure of a Nervetructure of a Nerve
Slide 7.56Copyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
/ndoneuriumsurrounds each fiber
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Classification of NervesClassification of Nerves
Slide 7.57Copyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
"i'ed nerves ( both sensory and motorfibers
)fferent 3sensory4 nerves ( carryimpulses toward the CN
/fferent 3motor4 nerves ( carry impulsesaway from the CN
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Cranial NervesCranial Nerves
Slide 7.58Copyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
1 pairs of nerves that mostly serve the
head and nec! Numbered in order, front to bac!
"ost are mi'ed nerves, but three aresensory only
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%istribution of Cranial Nerves%istribution of Cranial Nerves
Slide 7.59Copyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 7.1
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Cranial NervesCranial Nerves
Slide 7.60Copyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
I >lfactory nerve ( sensory for smell
II >ptic nerve ( sensory for vision
III >culomotor nerve ( motor fibers toeye muscles
IV Trochlear ( motor fiber to eyemuscles
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Cranial NervesCranial Nerves
Slide 7.61Copyright2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
V Trigeminal nerve ( sensory for theface? motor fibers to chewing muscles
VI )bducens nerve (motor fibers to eye muscles
VII Facial nerve ( sensory for taste?motor fibers to the face
VIII -estibulocochlear nerve (sensory for balance and hearing
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Cranial NervesCranial Nerves
Slide 7.62Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
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