CH3_4 Judaism, Persia, Chinese Dynasties

8/4/2019 CH3_4 Judaism, Persia, Chinese Dynasties

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CH 3 Section 4: The Origins of Judaism (pp. 72-76)

Reading Guide

1. The area of Palestine called _________was the ancient home of

the ____________, later called the Jews.

2. Find Canaan on the map on page 73.

What nation is found at this location today?

Canaan

Hebrews


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Reading Guide





Canaan

Hebrews

Israel

3. The history, legends, and moral laws ofthe Jews have been a major influence on

Western culture, and began a tradition also

shared byChristianity and Islam.


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Reading Guide





Canaan

Hebrews

Israel




4. Give two reasons why the location of

Palestine was so important:

By land, it connected the continents of

Africa and Asia.

Its seaports opened onto the most important

waterways, the Mediterranean Sea & Red Sea.


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Reading Guide





Canaan

Hebrews

Israel




4. Give two reasons why the location of

Palestine was so important:

By land, it connected the continents of

Africa and Asia.

Its seaports opened onto the most important

waterways, the Mediterranean Sea & Red Sea.


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Reading Guide

5. According to their sacred literature, the _______, Canaan (Palestine)

was the land promised to them by God.

6. Jews call the first five books of the Bible the _______.

(Today ___________also respect these sacred writings

as part of the Old Testamentof their Bible.)

7. As in other sacred literatures, the books of the Torah describe both

Some events that really happened, and

Stories told to ______________________(etiological stories)

Bible

Torah

Christians

teach important lessons

TORAH = Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy
http://www.ancient-egypt.org/saqqara/horemheb/tomb.html


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Reading Guide

8. _________was chosen by God to be the father of the Hebrew people

and promised to give him land (Canaan).

9. Where did Abraham live?

10. When did Abraham move his people to Canaan?

11. When did Abrahams descendents move again, this time to Egypt?

Abraham

Ur, in Mesopotamia.

Around 2000 B.C.

Around 1650 B.C.


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Reading Guide

12. How many gods did the Hebrews (and still Jews today) have?

Does this make them polytheistic or monotheistic?

13. What did the Hebrews (Jews) name their God?

14. In what ways did the Hebrews belief in their God differ from other

peoples of the time?

One

Monotheistic (worship of 1 god)

Yahweh

a.) only 1 God, others were polytheistic.

b.) Not associated with any 1 place, could go wherever they went.

c.) Believed their god, the one and only, was over all peoples, not just them.

d.) Yahweh was not physical,

could not make any physical images of God


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Reading Guide

15. The Hebrews believed that Abraham and God had entered a

________________, which is a mutual promise or contract.

16. Why did the Hebrews migrate to Egypt in the first place?

17. Once in Egypt, what happened to them?

18. When did the Hebrew exodus take place?

covenant

Because of a drought / famine in their land

They were forced into slavery.

The Hebrews fled Egypt

around 1300-1200 B.C.


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Reading Guide

18. When did the Hebrew exodus take place?

19. Today Jews celebrate the festival of ________ to remember the Exodus from Egypt.

20. Who led the Hebrews out of slaveryin Egypt?

21. After leaving Egypt, the Hebrews

wandered for years

in the Desert.

The Hebrews fled Egypt around 1300-1200 B.C.

Passover

MOSES

forty

Sinai


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Reading Guide

21. After leaving Egypt, the Hebrews

wandered for forty years in the Sinai Desert.

22. While there, Moses climbed to the top of

Mt. Sinai and brought the Ten Commandments

down from the mountain and delivered them

to the people.

23. In this covenant, God promised to protect the

Hebrews if they obeyed his laws.

24. Look at the Ten Commandments on p. 74.

15 are concerned with

610 deal with

the peoples relationship with God.

the peoples relationship with one another.

C 3 S i 4 O i i f i ( 2 76)


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Reading Guide

25. After wandering in the desert, where did the Hebrews return to settle down?

26. The Hebrews were organized into when they arrived in Canaan.

Were these self-governing? Or controlled by one ruler?

27 In times of emergency they were united and led by ,

one of the most prominent of whom was a woman named

28. The 10 Commandments were part of a more detailed code of law resembling

s Code. However, how did the Hebrew law differ?

29. The Hebrew prophets emphasized both right conduct and worshipping only oneGod. This type of religion is more specifically known as what?

30. Eventually only the largest tribe, the tribe of Judah, would dominate. That is why

the Hebrews came to be called and their religion is known as

Canaan

twelve tribes

Self-governing

judges

Deborah.

Hammurabi Hammurabis

strict laws were softened by expressions of Gods mercy and forgiveness.

Ethical Monotheism

Jews Judaism

CH 3 S i 4 Th O i i f J d i ( 72 76)


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Reading Guide

31. From 1020922 B.C. the Hebrew tribes united under

3 kings and the new kingdom was called Israel

32. Which of the three kings established Jerusalem as the capital?

33. Who was the most powerful of the Hebrew kings?

What did he build?

This is an artist'sapproximation of whatKing Solomon's Temple

looked like when it was originally constructed.The building of the Temple kicked off massiveconstruction efforts during Solomon's reign thatresulted in theerection of many royal and public buildings. TheTemple, however, remained the center of Jerusalemuntil its initial destruction in the sixth century B.C. by

the Babylonians. Rebuilt and then destroyed asecond time by the Romans in 79 A.D.

David

Solomon

A great temple

(Saul, David, and Solomon)


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CH 3 S ti 4 Th O i i f J d i ( 72 76)


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Reading Guide

31. From 1020922 B.C. the Hebrew tribes united under

3 kings and the new kingdom was called Israel

32. Which of the three kings established Jerusalem as the capital?

33. Who was the most powerful of the Hebrew kings?

What did he build?

This is an artist'sapproximation of whatKing Solomon's Templelooked like when it was originallyconstructed.The building of the Temple kicked offmassive construction efforts duringSolomon's reign that resulted in theerection of many royal and public buildings.The Temple, however, remained the centerof Jerusalem until its initial destruction in the

sixth century B.C. by the Romans.

David

Solomon

A great temple

(Saul, David, and Solomon)

CH 3 S ti 4 Th O i i f J d i ( 72 76)


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Reading Guide

34. After Solomons death the kingdom divided in two.

was in the north and was in the south.

35. In 738 B.C., both kingdoms began paying a

- a peace money paid by weaker

powers to a stronger power,

to the mighty Assyrian empire.

(Locate Assyria on the map, p. 73)

36. But by B.C. the whole northern kingdom

of Israel had fallen to the Assyrians.

37. The southern kingdom of Judah

fell years later to the Babylonians.

Israel Judah

tribute

722

150

38. After the Babylonians conquered the Jews,

what happened to the survivors?

Taken back to Babylon in exile.

CH 3 Section 4: The Origins of J daism (pp 72 76)


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Reading Guide

36. But by B.C. the whole northern kingdom

of Israel had fallen to the Assyrians.

37. The southern kingdom of Judah

fell years later to the Babylonians.

722

150

38. After the Babylonians conquered the Jews,

what happened to the survivors?

Taken back to Babylon in exile.

39. How many years before the Jews in exile

were allowed to return to their homeland?

40. Will the Jews be able to take control of

Palestine for good?Other empires will rise and fall in the future

taking control of ancient Palestine as well as

the future destiny of the Jewish people.

50 years

5


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586 B.C.Babylonians capture Judah Babylonian Captivity.

722 B.C.Assyrians conquer Israel.

922 B.C.Kingdom weakens after splitting into Israel and Judah.

Solomon builds capital at Jerusalem, but his rule inspires revolts.

1000 B.C.David unites Israelites into kingdom of Israel.

Israelites enter Canaan, the promised land.

Moses leads Israelites out of Egypt ~ the Exodus ~

receive the 10 Commandments

Famine forces Israelites to migrate to Egypt, where they are enslaved.

2000 B.C.Abraham migrates from Ur in Mesopotamia to Canaan.He founds the Israelite nation. Israel = people of God.

Persians conquer Babylon and free the Jews from captivity.

Early History of the Israelites

5

5


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Teachings on Law and

Morality

The laws ofthe Torah address all aspects of life, from cleanliness and foodpreparation to criminal matters.

Jews believe that God gave them a set of laws called the Ten Commandments.

Jewish prophets, or spiritual leaders, preached a code of ethics, or moral standardsof behavior. For this reason it is a religion known as Ethical Monotheism.

Examples: The rich and powerful must protect the poor and weak.

All people are equal under God.

Unlike many ancient people, the Jews believed their leaders were fully human andbound by Gods law.

5

Videostreaming: Religions of the World: Judaism: Sacred Words of Judaism

SYMBOLS Th M D id ( it i l k th


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SYMBOLS The Magen David (or as it is morecommonly known, the

Star of David) is the symbol most commonly associated

with Judaism today, but it is actually a relatively new

Jewish symbol. It is supposed to represent the shape of

King David's shield (or perhaps the emblem on it), but there

is really no support for that claim in any rabbinic literature.

In fact, the symbol is so rare in early Jewish literature and artwork that art dealers

suspect forgery if they find the symbol in early works.

Some note that the top triangle strives upward, toward God, while the lower triangle strives

downward, toward the real world. Some note that the intertwining makes the triangles

inseparable, like the Jewish people. Some note that there are actually 12 sides (3 exterior and 3interior on each triangle), representing the 12 tribes of Israel. While these theories are

theologically interesting, they have little basis in historical fact. The symbol of intertwined

equilateral triangles is actually a common one in the Middle East and North Africa, and is

thought to bring good luck. It appears occasionally in early Jewish artwork, but

never as an exclusively Jewish symbol.

The nearest thing to an "official" Jewish symbol at the time was the menorah.

The Magen David gained popularity again as a symbol of Judaism when it

was adopted as the emblem of the Zionist movement in 1897,

but the symbol continued to be controversial for many years afterward. When

the modern state of Israel was founded in 1949, there was much debate over

whether this symbol should be used on the flag.

Toda e e amine Eg pts Ne Kingdom
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Today we examine Egypts New KingdomPeriod. The tomb of the New KingdomPharoah named Tutankhamun wasdiscovered in 1923 by archaeologist

Howard Carter. It was an amazing find!A tomb full of treasures like Tuts golden mask seen

here. Learn more about this discovery athttp://www.nationalgeographic.com/egypt/

EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD 2920 2575 BCE
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EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD 2920-2575 BCE Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt by Menes.

Foundation of the capital Memphis.

Early Step Pyramid is built at Saqqara.

OLD KINGDOM - 2660-2180 BCE

The Great Pyramids of Khufu (Cheops), Khafre (Chephren), Menkaure (Mycerinus) are built at Giza.

Pyramids of Sahure, Neferirkare, Raneferef, Neuserre are built at Abusir.

MIDDLE KINGDOM 2180-1550 BCE Fragmentation of centralized power.

Kings in Thebes establish control over all Egypt.

Chaos leads central administration in Lower Egypt to disappear following infiltration by Hyksos,an Asiatic people in the Nile Delta.

Upper Egypt dominated by kings in Thebes. (CH 2 Coverage)

----------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------

NEW KINGDOM 1550-1070 BCE (CH 4 Coverage)

Theban king Ahmose expels the Hyksos and reunites Egypt.

Reigns of such kings as Amenhotep and Thutmose (Thutmosis). Memphis now main residential city. Ramses II (1290- 1224 BC) divides power in Middle East with the Hittites; Qantir capital of Egypt.

Invasions of mysterious sea peoples wreck havoc throughout Mediterranean region.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Future history. Alexander the Great of Macedonia / Greece conquers and the Ptolemy dynasty governs; 33230 BC

After the defeat of Cleopatra, the last Ptolemy ruler, the Roman emperors exploit Egypt as the main

production center of wheat, papyrus and textiles for the vast Roman Empire; 30 BC394 ADPP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.
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Cyrus the Great was the first Emperor of Persia,who issued a decree on his policies, later hailed

as his Charter on the Rights of Nations. Inscribed

on a clay cylinder, it is known as the first real

Declaration of Human Rights, and is now kept atthe British Museum. A replica is also at the

United Nations in New York. It symbolizes true

Multiculturalism, a word coined to express the

coexistence and peaceful cohabitation of peoples

from different background and culture in one land.

Cyrus the Great was one of the first rulers to insist on Tolerance of

other peoples beliefs and culture.

Cyrus the Great was the first Emperor of Persia

Cyrus the Great was the first Emperor of Persia
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Cyrus the Great was the first Emperor of Persia,

who issued a decree on his policies, later hailed as his

Charter on the Rights of Nations.

Inscribed on a clay cylinder, it is known as the first

real Declaration of Human Rights, and is now kept atthe British Museum. A replica is also at the United

Nations in New York.

It symbolizes true Multiculturalism, a word coined to

express the coexistence and peaceful living of people


Cyrus the Great was one of the first rulers to insist on

Toleranceof other peoples beliefs and culture.

Cyrus the Great was the first Emperor of Persia,

who issued a decree on his policies, later hailed as his

Charter on the Rights of Nations.

Inscribed on a clay cylinder, it is known as the first

real Declaration of Human Rights, and is now kept atthe British Museum. A replica is also at the United

Nations in New York.

It symbolizes true Multiculturalism, a word coined to

express the coexistence and peaceful living of people


Cyrus the Great was one of the first rulers to insist on

Toleranceof other peoples beliefs and culture.I am Cyrus.

King of the world. When I entered Babylon... I did not

allow anyone to terrorize the land...I kept in view the needs of Babylon and all its

sanctuaries to promote their well-being...

I put an end to their misfortune.

From The First Charter of the Rights of Nations

Cyrus the Great

Founder of The First Persian Empire

Inscribed on a clay cylinder in cuneiform

discovered in 1879 now in The British Museum, London.

Cyrus the Great

580-529 B.C.
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Shi H di Fi t E f Chi
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Shi HuangdiFirst Emperor of China,brought about the new Qin Dynasty

following the collapse of the old Zhou

dynasty. He was a cruel tyrant who

restored order in China with a harsh laws,

taxes, and intolerance toward scholars.

His Qin dynasty lasted about 15 years.

Neolithic ca 12 000 2000 B C

D
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Ancient

China

Neolithic ca. 12,000 - 2000 B.C.

Xia ca. 2100-1800 B.C.

Shang 1700-1027 B.C.Western Zhou 1027-771 B.C.

Eastern Zhou

770-221 B.C.

Warring States period

475-221 B.C.

PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

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RECALL:

We Covered inChapter 2

RECALL:
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The first 300 years of Zhou rule were relatively peaceful and stable.

But that changed around 771 B.C.E. as nomadic tribes invaded from the north

and as the noble families began to fight for power against one another.

The crossbow is introduced in China during this time of great conflict and chaos

known as the Period of Warring States.

Chinese values collapsed during this period of arrogance, chaos, and defiance.

Will China be saved?

By who? By what?

..stay tuned.


RECALL:

We Covered inChapter 2

CONFUCIANISM
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CONFUCIANISM

ConfuciusChinas most influential scholar / philosopher

Born 551 B.C.

Wanted to restore order to Chinese society

after years of conflict in warring states periodHis answer: To help China, people must follow the

Five basic Relationships based on respect

Ruler / Subjects ; Father / Son ; Husband / Wife ;

Brother / Brother ; Friend / Friend

Emphasis on Family relationships

filial pietyrespecting the family / elders / parents

Worked to improve government efficiency

Created the basis of a bureaucracy (a system of departments

and agencies that run the government)

Education important for these

civil servants (government workers)

Over time, the philosophy of Confucius spread

to other parts of Asia and is still practiced today

Analects (the teachings ofConfucius)

(Fill in your p. 1 Chart in packet)PIC: Confucious seated teaches political statesmen.

CONFUCIUS 551479 B.C.

Dont do to others

what you wouldnt want doneto yourself.

-Confucius

TAOISM
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LAOZI (Lao-tzu) ca. 600 B.C.

Stop thinking, and end your

problems.Lao Tzu

TAOISM

Laozi (or, Lao-tzu) was also a great Chinese thinker.

Taoism was not meant to be a religion. It is a "Way" of life.

It is a River. The Tao is the natural order of things.

It is a force that flows through every living thing,as well as through the entire universe.

When the Tao is in balance it is possible to find perfect happiness.

Yin-Yang the

Universe in BalanceTaoism is a religio-philosophical tradition that has, along with

Confucianism, shaped Chinese life for more than 2,000 years.

The Taoist heritage, with its emphasis on individual freedom and

spontaneity, laissez-faire (hands off) government and social

primitivism, mystical experience, and techniques of self-

transformation, represents in many ways the antithesis to Confucian

concern with individual moral duties, community standards, and

governmental responsibilities.http://www.crystalinks.com/taoism.html

Just let go, let the universe happen and all fall back into flow!

was Laozis answerto Chinas problems and personal happiness.

Called Taoism, orDaoism. The Tao was written in a time of feudal warfare and constant

conflict. Lao Tzu was reflecting on a way which would stop

the warfare, a path for humanity to follow which would end

the conflict.

And so he came up with a few pages of short verses, whichbecame the Tao Te Ching, this is the original book of Tao.

(Fill in your p. 1 Chart in packet)

LEGALISM
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LEGALISM

Legalism is the belief that order can only be restored through strict laws and force.

Han Feizi, as a student, was taught in the Confucian tradition.

Because of a problem with stuttering, he did not go the way most wandering

philosophers of this age did making the rounds of kings' courts and making

speeches. Instead, he wrote. His book, the Han Feizi, brought him some

prominence during his life and ended up being the main text of the school of

Legalism.

He traced the cause of the chaos of the time back to a growing population.

According to him, this caused a scarcity of resources which led to war and strife.Shangzi saw a strong government according to law as the solution to the problem. Han Feizi died as a result of political intrigue in 233 BC,

but Legalism would go on to become the philosophy which finally managed to unify China.

1. What were the three thinkers or new ideas that changed China?

Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism

At 13 years old he became ruler of the new
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At 13 years old, he became ruler of the new

Qin Dynasty

He ended the troublesperiod of warring states.

Of the three teachings of his day

Confucianism

Daoism

Legalism

he chose Legalism.

Using FORCE and STRICT LAWS

he restored order to China.

He is Chinas First Emperor Shi Huangdi.

He would double the size of China.


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Ancient

Chinas

Dynasties

Neolithic ca. 12,000 2000 B.C.

Xia ca. 2100-1800 B.C.


Eastern Zhou

770-221 B.C.


475-221 B.C.

IMPERIAL

Chinas

Dynasties

Qin 221207 B.C.

Western Han 206 B.C.9 A.D.

Hsing(Huns) occupy China 925 A.D.

Eastern Han(restoration) 25220 A.D.

Three Kingdoms

(Division)

220265 A.D.

Chin

265316 A.D.


Doubled the size of China
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Doubled the size of China.

Established an autocracya type of government where the ruler has

complete control and unlimited power !


Shi-HuangdiChinas First Emperor

(259-210 BC)

Ended the feudalism of the Zhou period and reigned in the tamed

nobles but forcing them to move to his capital.

Legalism = Total CONTROL! Banned books, controlled ideas,

began to persecute the educated Scholars. He bans Confucianism!

Shi-Huangdis soldiers

persecuting scholars.

Desired complete Uniformitysameness in thought and deed.Standardized writing, laws, money, weights and measurements.

Forced laborers to build roads connecting one end of China to the other.

The Building of the Great WallFACTS about the Wall

(see textbook p. 100-101)http://www.crystalinks.com/chinawall.html

Chinese

peasants

were

forced to

work on

the wall

sometimes

until theirdeaths!

Shi Huangdi, the First Emperor of China, restored order after years of
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The Qin Dynasty [221-206 B.C.E.]B

Ended old Zhou Feudal System; began autocracy

Forced labor to build theFirst Great Wall

Standardized money and systems of measurement

Burned books, persecuted Confucious scholars

g , p , y

conflict between warring feudal states. To do so he adopted a policy of

strict and rigid Legalism.

His short-lived (15 year) Dynasty was called the Qin (also called Chin).

Click on the pic aboveto see more pics of the Great Wall.

What happened to Shi Huangdi?

What happened to his short-lived Qin Dynasty?


Shi Huangdi was a tyrant and ruled with an iron hand, handing down harsh laws,

d l i l h d h f i Chi H
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and levying large tax rates that oppressed the commoners of ancient China. He

tried to eliminate the teachings of Confucius, and the education system that

accompanied Confucianism. In his final years, Shi Huangdi became quite withdrawn

and odd-behaving. He surrounded himself with magicians and alchemists, providing

them only one task: to find or create an immortality formula. Shi Huangdi became

increasingly more maniacal near his death, and wanted an potion that would allow him

to rule as a divine emperor forever. He died-- broken, insane, and alone--after a trip toJapan in search of this magic potion in 210 BCE.

Recently discovered in 1974 by Chinese peasants who were drilling a well, the tomb of

Shi Huangdi proved to be one of the greatest archaeological finds. Archaeologists were

uncertain when the excavations began of the great magnitude of this site. The centerpiece

of Shi Huangdi's mausoleum is the terra-cotta army of approximately 8,000 life-sized

men and horses. Individually sculpted of thick terra-cotta clay, each soldier and horse

is unique, each with its own style of dress (the mineral paints used to cover the figures

in bright, gay colors have since dissolved), weaponry, and facial expressions. Built mainly underground, the construction

itself took 700,000 prisoners of war and slaves over 36 years

to construct and covers approximately four square miles. The as-yet-unearthed palace

(built for Shi-Huangdis use in the afterlife and thus never lived in)

is reputedly of legendary grandeur. Shi-Huangdis actual

pyramidal tomb has also not been excavated yet.

When the Chinese made the first announcements about the statues

in 1974, many archaeologists, intellectuals and especially tourists

wanted to visit the site. The Chinese communist government today

has been surprisingly open about visitation (although they oversee

all the digging) and even lead tours to watch the actual excavation

as it takes place.


Shi Huangdi, the First Emperor of China, restored order after years of


41/42

The Qin Dynasty [221-206 B.C.E.]B

Ended old Zhou Feudal System; began autocracy

Forced labor to build theFirst Great Wall

Standardized money and systems of measurement

Burned books, persecuted Confucious scholars

g , p , y

conflict between warring feudal states. To do so he adopted a policy of

strict and rigid Legalism.

His short-lived (15 year) Dynasty was called the Qin (also called Chin).

Click on the pic aboveto see more pics of the Great Wall.

What happened to Shi Huangdi?


What happened to his short-lived Qin Dynasty?

http://www.crystalinks.com/chinawall.htmlhttp://www.ancient-greece.org/map/ancient-crete.htmlhttp://www.crystalinks.com/chinawall.html


42/42

Ancient

Chinas

Dynasties

,

Xia ca. 2100-1800 B.C.


Eastern Zhou

770-221 B.C.


475-221 B.C.

IMPERIAL

Chinas

Dynasties

Qin 221207 B.C.

Western Han 206 B.C.9 A.D.

Hsing(Huns) occupy China 925 A.D.

Eastern Han(restoration) 25220 A.D.

Three Kingdoms

(Division)

220265 A.D.

Chin

265316 A.D.

Han Dynasty and China

explored in more detail

next ppt!

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CH3_4 Judaism, Persia, Chinese Dynasties