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A Study on the DropoutA Study on the DropoutProblem of PrimaryProblem of Primary

Education in UttarEducation in Uttar

Dinajpur, West BengalDinajpur, West Bengal

A Study on the DropoutA Study on the DropoutProblem of PrimaryProblem of PrimaryEducation in UttarEducation in Uttar

Dinajpur, West BengalDinajpur, West Bengal

TOWARDS ACHIEVING RTETOWARDS ACHIEVING RTE

Chandan Roy, Assistant Prof.Chandan Roy, Assistant Prof.Kaliyaganj CollegeKaliyaganj College

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Introduction RTE came into force on 1st April,2011 Ensures free & compulsory education to all

the children between 6-14 age- group Compulsory education casts an obligation

on the appropriate government RTE matches with 2nd MDG, i.e., every child

across the nations must achieve primaryeducation within 2015

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Education Scenario in

India Primary School enrolment has increased by13.5% during 2001-05

But 1 out of 4 dropout from school beforereaching Grade V

Almost 2 out of 4 dropout before reachinggrade VIII

Dropout seems to be major hurdle inachieving RTE

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Dropout Scenario in West

Bengal West Bengal is second largest state indropout statistics

MHRD (97-98) shows 35.8% dropout inWest Bengal

NSS-52 round indicates 11.5% dropout forWB

Divergence in statistics is due to inflatedenrolment reported by the schools.

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Dropout problem in Uttar

Dinajpur Uttar Dinajpur is the lowest rankingDistrict in achieving literacy

Dropout rate in Primary Education ofthe district is also highest (34.57% in2005-06,)

Out of Primary School children in thedistrict is 13477 (2010 data)

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Major Objective of this

Presentation Shed some light on the issues of dropout Determine some area specific reasons

associated with dropout Derive the level of significance of thoseexplanatory variable

Suggesting few policy-modification (withinlimited scope of analysis)

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Reasons of Dropout :

Literature Review Weber & Rumberger(2001) explained

3 major reasons for dropout of

American students 1. Family Related Reasons (Socio-

economic status, disadvantaged

sections, Parental Education, SingleParent Family);

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Literature review 2. School Related reasons(attendance, grade, achievement,

interest in school and school work) 3. Personal Reasons (Disciplinary

Problems, Other extenuating

circumstances, like marriage)

i

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iteratureReview

Usha Jayachandran(2001) analyzedIndian data (NSS-52Round data )

Child not interestedto studies, Unable tocope, Parents notinterested, Financial

constraints areprincipal reasons ofDropout in India

Reasons Percent

Child not

interested

37.2

Unable to Cope 16.4

Parents not

interested

12.5

Financial

Constraint

11.2

Other economic

activities

6.5

Attending

domestic duties

3.7

Wage Work 2.5

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Literature Review

Ramachandran et al (2002) explained fewfactors for school access and completionof education

(i) income, (ii) caste, (iii) occupation,(iv)education level of parents;

Choudhury (2006) showed cared for

doing well in studies as the mostimportant predictor to reduce dropout inIndia

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Dropout in UD : A block

level Analysis Chopra shows the highest dropout(63.43%), followed by GoalpoherII

(53.22%) & Goalpokher I (44.13%) Standard I shows max dropout

(21.35%), followed by Std-II(8.5%),

Std-III(4.51%), Std-IV (0.41%)

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Block Specific IssuesRelated with Dropout

CHOPRA1. Girl child working in

tea garden leads to

high dropout2. Working parents dontsend their elderfemale-children toschool specially, for

sibling care

Goalpokher I & II1. Urdu speaking

children face

language problem2. Potential learnersengaged in Maktab

3. Seasonal Migration

4. Girls engage in Matmaking in Lodhan

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Block Specific Issues

Related with Dropout Islampur1. Seasonal

Migration2. Sibling Care by

elder child3. Child Labour due

to economiccompulsion

Karandighi1. Child Labour in Bidi

minding industry2. Linguistic problem

in ST dominatedarea

3. Lack of interestamong students4. Poverty

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Block Specific Issues

Related with Dropout Raiganj & Hemtabad1. Child Labour Problem

2. Migration

Kaliyaganj

1. SC/ST dominated areand problems related

disadvantaged section2. Border area problem

(eg, immoraltrafficing)

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Block Specific Issues

Related with dropout Itahar1. Economic compulsion of children due

to poverty2. Seasonal Migration

3. Lack of Interest among Children and

Parents

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Selected factors

associating with Dropout PTR (Pupil Teacher Ratio) SCR (Students Classroom Ratio)

REPTR (% of Repeaters) SC (% of SC)

ST (% of ST)

MUSL (% of Muslim Minorities) GPI (Gender Parity Index)

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Performance of

Explanatory Factors PTR : Norm (40:1), District (68.28)(2008-09)

SCR : Norm (30:1), District (42.25)(2008-09) REPTR : % of repeaters shows

fluctuating trend 50.5%(2003-04),32.23%(2005-06)

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Performance of

Explanatory Factors SC & ST : SC(25.81%DROPOUT),ST(12.35%DROPOUT). SC, ST domination usuallysignifies a higher rate of dropout(2005-06)

MUSL: Muslim Minorities show a higher rate ofdropout (44.79 in 2010-11 for UP) due to theirreligious teaching in Maktab

GPI : It reduces the rate of dropout as parentsfeel more comfortable to send their daughters

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Econometric Estimation The linear proposed model isDRP = Const+ 1.PTR + 2.SCR +

3.REPTR + 4.SC + 5.ST +6.MUSL + 7. GPIWhere, DRP = Dropout rate

Constant = Captures theimpact of unidentified variables

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Econometric Exercise Found F statistic is highly Significant,which means the model is perfectlyfit(after removing the heteroscedasticity)

R Squared = .72;

Adjusted R Squared= .57

Which means 57% of the data variations can

be explained by the factors

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The Significant

Explanatory factors SCR (significantly positively related) SC (significantly positively related)

MUSL (Inverse relation with dropout,which is a matter of surprise andneeds further probing)

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Concluding Remarks SCR needs to be reduced as it can significantlycontrol dropout

More effective remedial classes forDisadvantaged sections

Social transformation is highly required to sendthose Matab learners to formal school/Madrash

Child Labour needs to be effectively abolishedagainst economic compensation

Otherwise the implementation and impact of RTEwould remain a pipedream

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