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CHANDIGARH
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Let this be a new town, symbolic offreedom of India unfettered by the
traditions of the past.. an expressions
of the nations faith in the future.
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After the Partition of India in 1947, the former British province of Punjab was also split
between east Punjab in India and west Punjab in Pakistan.
The Indian Punjab required a new capital city to replace Lahore, which became part of
Pakistan during the partition.
It was decided to built a new Capital city called Chandigarh about 240 kms. north of
New Delhi on a gently sloping terrain with foothills of the Himalayas the Shivalik range of
the North and two Seasonal rivulets flowing on its two sides approximately 7-8 kms
apart.
The geographical location of the city is 30 degree 50' N latitude and 76 degree 48'
longitude and it lies at an altitude varying from 304.8 to 365.76 meters above sea level.
All of the urban and architectural work of Le Corbusier listed
in this document is located within Chandigarh's "Phase One",
an area of approximately 70 sq. km. which can be regarded as
the city's "Historic Core.
UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE CENTER
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To select a suitable site, the Govt. of Punjab appointed a Committee in 1948 under
the Chairmanship of P.L Verma, Chief Engineer to assess and evaluate the existing
towns in the State for setting up the proposed capital of Punjab.
However, none was found suitable on the basis of several reasons, such as military
vulnerability, shortage of drinking water, inaccessibility, inability to cope in flux of large
number of refugees etc.The present site was selected in 1948 taking into account various attributes such as
its Central location in the state, proximity to the national capital & availability of
sufficient water supply, fertile of soil, gradient of land for natural drainage, beautiful site
with the panorama of blue hills as backdrop & moderate climate.
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An American Firm, M/s. Mayer, Whittlessay and Glass was commissioned in 1950 to
prepare the Master Plan for the new City. Albert Mayer and Mathew Novicki evolved a
fan shaped Master Plan and worked out conceptual sketches of the super block.
The super block was designed as a selfsufficient neighborhood units placed along the
curvilinear roads and comprised of cluster type housing, markets and centrally located
open spaces.
Novicki was tragically killed in an air accident and Mayer decided to discontinue.
Thereafter, the work was assigned to a team of architects led by Charles Eduard
Jeanneret better known as Le Corbusier in 1951.
He was assisted by three senior architects, Maxwell Fry, his wife Jane B Drew andCorbusierscousin, Pierre Jeanneret. These senior architects were supported by a team
of young Indian architect and planner consisting of M.N. Sharma, A. R. Prabhawalkar,
U.E. Chowdhary, J.S. Dethe, B.P. Mathur, Aditya Prakash, N.S. Lanbha and others.
The Master Plan was developed by Le Corbusier who also designed the Capital
Complex and established the architectural control & design of the main building of the
city. The design of housing for Govt. employees, schools, shopping centers, hospitalswere disturbed among the three senior architects.
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Discipline of
Money
Technology
Climate
The architectural problem
consists;
first to makeshade,
second to make a
current of air[to ventilate],
third to controlhydraulics.
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CORBUSIERS CONCEPTUAL SKETCH SHOWING THE V-ROAD
SYSTEM
V1-CONNECTS CHANDIGARH
TO OTHER CITIES
V2-ARE THE MAJOR AVENUES
OF THE CITY
V3-ARE THE CORRIDORS
STREETS FOR VEHICULAR
TRAFFIC ONLY
V4..V7 -ARE THE ROADS
WITHIN THE SECTORS
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17/56Drawings showing the realisat ion of the f i rs t ph ase of Chandigarh f rom 1951-66. Source: Docum ent ing Chandigarh
1.INSPECTING THE SITE,1951.
2.BUILDING ROADS, 1951.
3.MINISTERS BUNGALOW, SEC-2,1956.
4.NURSERY SCHOOL, SECTOR -16,1956.
1.TOWN HALL & STATE LIBRARY, SEC-17,1961.
2.POLYTECHNIQUE FOR MEN, SEC-26,1961.
3.GANDHI BHAVAN, SEC-14,1966.
4.ADMINISTRATION BUILDING, SEC-14.1966.
THE SECTOR
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THE SECTOR
In its first phase Chandigarh was organized in 30 sectors. The sector was conceived
as an autonomous unit including housing as well as all service needed for everyday
life: schools, artisans, shops, leisure.
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THE CITY LANDSCAPE PLAN OF THE FIRST PHASES, SHOWING THE LEISURE VALLEY& THE SWATHS OF GREEN SPACES THAT ALSO ACT AS FLOOD CONTROL.
THE GROWTH OF
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THE GROWTH OF
CHANDIGARH 1966-96,
STARTING WITH SECTORS 1
& 2 IN PHASE 1, &
CURRENTLY CONSISTING
OF 86 SECTORS
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ANALYSIS OF THE
DISTRIBUTION OF
SOCIAL GROUPS IN
CHANDIGARH IN
1998.
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EACH SECTOR IS DESIGNATED BY NUMBER,THE CAPITAL COMPLEX BEING NUMBER
1,WITH THE REMAINING SECTORS NUMBERED CONSECUTIVELY BEGINNING AT THE
NORTH CORNER OF THE CITY.
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EXISTING PLAN OF SECTOR22 (HAVING POPULATION OF 25000 PEOPLE)
EACH SECTOR IS DESIGNATED BY NUMBER,THE CAPITAL COMPLEX BEING NUMBER 1,WITH THE
REMAINING SECTORS NUMBERED CONSECUTIVELY BEGINNING AT THE NORTH CORNER OF THE
CITY.
Drawings showing sector 22 with its shopping district running across the sector.
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COMPARATIVE FIGURE GROUND DIAGRAMS OF ONE SQUARE MILE AREA
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THE AREA OF THE GREATEST SYMBOLIC SIGNIFICANCE IN CHANDIGARH WAS
THE CAPITOL COMPLEX , WHICH IN ITS FINAL FORM WAS BASED ON THEDESIGN OF A GRAET CROSS AXIS.
THE MOST IMPORTANT GROUP OF THE BUILDINGS CONSTITUTING THE
CAPITOL-PARLIAMENT, THE SECRETARIAT.
IN THE FOREGROUND, THE POOL OF THE PALACE OF JUSTICE.
THE CAPITOL AREA WAS DESIGNED AS THE GREAT PEDISTRIAN PLAZA WITH
MOTOR TRAFFIC SEPARATED INTO SUNKEN TRENCHES LEADING TO PARKING
AREAS
ALTHOUGH THE SITE IS VERY BIG,IT IS NOT DESIGNED WITH ALLOWENCE FOREXPANSION
THE CAPITOL COMPLEX
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PLAN OF CAPITOL BUILDING,SECTOR-11.Parliament
2.Secretariat
3.GovernorsPalace
4.High Court
5.Truncated Pyramid
6.Monument for the victims7.Open Hand
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LE CORBUSIERS UNSHAKEABLE BELIEF IN THE ANTHROPOMETRICPROPORTIONAL CONNECTIONS & LINKS CREATED BY GOLDEN
SECTION
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The Secretariat The High Court
The Assembly Hall Huge Open Plaza
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