Changes in Bash Version 4.2 to Bash 4.3

7/23/2019 Changes in Bash Version 4.2 to Bash 4.3

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This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-release, andthe previous version, bash-4.3-rc2.

1. Changes to Bash

a. Onl !osi"-mode shells should e"it on an assignment #ailure in the temporar environment preceding a special builtin. This is how it$s been documented.

b. %i"ed a bug that caused a #ailed special builtin to not e"it a posi"-mode shell i# the #ailing builtin was on the &'( o# a )) or **.

c. Changed the handling o# un+uoted bacslashes in regular e"pressions to be closer to bash-4.2.

d. globstar / no longer traverses smbolic lins that resolve to directories. This eliminates some duplicate entries.

e. %i"ed a bug that caused a (0C'& trap handler to not be able to change the (0C'& disposition.

#. %i"ed a bug that caused a crash when -" was enabled and a command contained a printable multibte wide/ character.

g. %i"ed a bug that caused an interactive shell without line editing enabled to read invalid data a#ter receiving a (00T.

h. %i"ed a bug that caused command word completion to #ail i# the director in !5T' where the completion would be #ound contained single or double +uotes.

i. %i"ed a bug that caused a shell with -v enabled to print commands in / multiple times.

2. Changes to 6eadline

a. %i"ed a bug that caused 7undo$ to re#erence #reed memor or null pointers.

3. ew %eatures in Bash

a. The 88 -v 99 option now understands arra re#erences #oo819/ and returns success i# the re#erenced element has a value.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-rc2, and theprevious version, bash-4.3-rc1.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed a bug that le#t variables set b print# -v mared as invisible.

b. %i"ed an o##-b-one error in a :ob control warning message.

c. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to crash a#ter declaring a namere# variable without a value.

d. %i"ed a bug that caused asnchronous commands to not set ; correctl.

e. %i"ed a bug that caused out-o#-order e"ecution when e"ecuting aliases with embedded newlines containing 7.$ commands.

#. %i"ed a bug that caused error messages generated b e"pansion errors in 7#or$ commands to have the wrong line number.

g. %i"ed a bug that caused the 7wait$ builtin to not be interruptible in an



interactive shell with :ob control enabled.

h. %i"ed a bug that caused (00T and (0<=0T to not be trappable in asnchronous subshell commands.

i. Bash now re+uires that the value assigned to a namere# variable be a valid shell identi#ier variable name or arra re#erence/.

:. Converting an e"isting variable to a namere# variable now turns o## the -i>-l>-u>-c attributes.

. isplaing a namere# variable with 7declare -p$ now displas the namere# variable and its value rather than #ollowing the namere# chain.

l. %i"ed a problem with interrupt handling that caused a second and subse+uent (00T to be ignored b interactive shells.

m. %i"ed a bug that caused certain positional parameter and arra e"pansions to mishandle discard/ null positional parameters and arra elements.

n. The shell no longer blocs receipt o# signals while running trap handlers

#or those signals, and allows most trap handlers to be run recursivel running trap handlers while a trap handler is e"ecuting/.

o. The shell now handles bacslashes in regular e"pression arguments to the 88 command$s ?@ operator slightl di##erentl, resulting in more consistent behavior.


a. %i"ed a bug that could cause readline to crash and seg #ault attempting to e"pand an empt histor entr.

b. %i"ed a bug that caused a bad entr in the &(ACO&O6( variable to abort all

color processing but leave color enabled.

c. %i"ed a bug that caused displa problems with multi-line prompts containing invisible characters on multiple lines.

d. %i"ed a bug that caused e##ects made b undoing changes to a histor line to be discarded.


4. ew %eatures in 6eadline

a. hen creating shared libraries on ac O( D, the pathname written into the

librar installAname/ no longer includes the minor version number.------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-rc1, and theprevious version, bash-4.3-beta2.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed a bug in bash completion that caused a tilde to be e"panded even i# the 7dire"pand$ option was not enabled.

b. %i"ed a potential bug that could cause corrupted input in interactive shells running without line editing and with 7ignoreeo#$ enabled.

c. %i"ed a bug that could cause #ailures when opening pipes bac to shells created to run process substitutions.

d. %i"ed a bug that caused an assignment to TEDTO50 to re+uire TEDTO5006



to be set in order to actuall change the current te"t domain.

e. Changed the wa redirections are printed to avoid con#usion when the target o# an output redirection is a process substitution beginning with 7F$.


a. (hared librar building is now supported on ac O( D 1G.H arwin 13/.


a. 7cd$ has a new 7-I$ option to browse a #ile$s e"tended attributes on sstems that support OAD5TT6.


a. There are additional de#ault e bindings #or in32

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-beta2, and theprevious version, bash-4.3-beta.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed a bug that caused assignment to an unset variable using a negative subscript to result in a segmentation #ault.

b. %i"ed a bug that caused assignment to a string variable using a negative subscript to use the incorrect inde".

c. %i"ed a bug that caused some strings to be interpreted as invalid e"tended globbing e"pressions when used with the help builtin.

d. %i"ed a bug that caused an attempt to trap a signal whose disposition

cannot be changed to re#erence uninitialiJed memor.

e. Command completion now sips assignment statements preceding a command name and completes the command.

#. %i"ed a bug that caused 7compgen -#$ in a non-interactive shell to dump core under certain circumstances.

g. %i"ed a bug that caused the 7read -$ to misbehave when the input stream contains G"##.


a. Changed message when an incremental search #ails to include K#ailedK in the prompt and displa the entire search string instead o# :ust the last matching portion.

b. %i"ed a bug that caused an arrow e tped to an incremental search prompt to process the e se+uence incorrectl.

c. 5dditional e bindings #or arrow es on in.


a. The help builtin now attempts substring matching as it did through bash-4.2/ i# e"act string matching #ails.

b. The #c builtin now interprets -G as the current command line.

c. Completing director names containing shell variables now adds a trailing



slash i# the e"panded result is a director.


a. rlAchangeAenvironmentL new application-settable variable that controls whether or not 6eadline modi#ies the environment currentl readline modi#ies onl &0E( and CO&=(/.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-beta, and theprevious version, bash-4.3-alpha.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed a bug in the prompt director name KtrimmingK code that caused memor corruption and garbled the results.

b. %i"ed a bug that caused single +uotes that resulted #rom $...$ +uoting in the replacement portion o# a double-+uoted Mword>pat>repN e"pansion to be treated as +uote characters.

c. %i"ed a bug that caused assignment statements preceding a command word to result in assignment statements #ollowing a declaration command to not be e"panded lie assignment statements.

d. %i"ed a bug with variable search order in the presence o# local variables with the same name as variables in the temporar environment supplied to a shell #unction.

e. %i"ed a bug that caused constructs lie 12/ to be interpreted as process substitutions even in an arithmetic conte"t.

#. %i"ed several cases where 7invisible$ variables variables with attributes but no values, which are technicall unset/ were treated incorrectl.

g. %i"ed a bug that caused group commands in pipelines that were not the last element to not run the ED0T trap.

h. %i"ed a bug that caused 7unset -n$ to not unset a namere# variable in certain cases.

i. %i"ed the namere# circular re#erence checing to be less strict and onl disallow a namere# variable with the same value as its name at the global scope.

:. %i"ed a bug that caused trap handlers to be e"ecuted recursivel, corrupting internal data structures.

. %i"ed a bug that could result in bash not compiling i# certain options were not enabled.

l. %i"ed a bug that caused the arithmetic e"pansion code to attempt variable assignments when operator precedence prohibited them.

m. ord e"pansions lie M#ooPPbarN now understand indirect variablere#erences.

n. %i"ed a bug that caused 7declare -#p name$ to not displa a #unctionde#inition.

o. %i"ed a bug that caused asnchronous child processes to modi# the stdin #ile pointer when bash was using it to read a script, which modi#ied the parent$s value as well.




a. %i"ed a bug in vi mode that caused the arrow es to set the saved last vi-mode command to the wrong value.

b. %i"ed a bug that caused double-+uoted strings to be scanned incorrectl when being used as the value o# a readline variable assignment.

c. %i"ed a bug with vi mode that prevented 7.$ #rom repeating a command entered on a previous line command/.

d. %i"ed a bug that could cause completion to core dump i# it was interrupted b a signal.

e. 6eadline now sends the meta-e enable string to the terminal i# the terminal has been success#ull initialiJed.

#. 6eadline now calls the signal hoo a#ter resiJing the terminal when it receives a (00C'.

g. %i"ed a bug that could cause the histor list code to per#orm an out-o#-

bounds arra re#erence i# the histor list is empt.


a. (hells started to run process substitutions now run an trap set on ED0T.

b. There is now a con#igure-time option to enable the globasciiranges option b de#ault.

c. The read builtin now checs its #irst variable argument #or validit be#ore tring to read an input.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.3-alpha,and the previous version, bash-4.2-release.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed several bugs concerning incomplete bracet e"pressions in #ilename generation globbing/ patterns.

b. %i"ed a bug with single +uotes and O6 in Mparam op O6N when running in !osi" mode.

c. %i"ed a bug that caused the pattern removal and pattern substitution word e"pansions and case statement word e"pansion to not match the empt string.

d. %i"ed a bug that caused the tJset/ #unction to not wor a#ter changing the TQ enviroment variable.

e. %i"ed a bug that caused the 6'( o# an assignment statement to undergo word splitting when it contained an un+uoted I.

#. %i"ed bugs that caused the shell to not react to a (00T sent while waiting #or a child process to e"it.

g. Bash doesn$t tr to run things in a signal handler conte"t when it gets a signal (00T>(0'=!>etc/ while reading input using readline but still be responsive to terminating signals.

h. %i"ed a bug that caused bash to go into an in#inite loop i# a #ilename to be matched contained an invalid multibte character.



i. %i"ed a bug that caused !(4 to end up being truncated i# it is longer than 12R btes.

:. %i"ed a bug that caused brace e"pansion to not sip over double-+uoted command substitution.

. (stem-speci#ic updates #orL S!!, '!>=D, ac O( D

l. %i"ed a bug in displaing commands that caused redirections to be associated with the wrong part o# the command.

m. %i"ed the coproc cleanup to unset the appropriate shell variables when a coproc terminates.

n. %i"ed a bug that caused 7#c$ to dump core due to incorrect calculation o# the last histor entr.

o. 5dded worarounds #or %reeB($s implementation o# #accessat>eaccess and 7test -"$.

p. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to not match patterns containing

control-5.

+. %i"ed a bug that could result in doubled error messages when the 7print#$ builtin got a write error.

r. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to not correctl e"pand words containing multiple consecutive +uoted empt strings KKKKKKaa/.

s. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to not correctl parse multi-line process substitutions containing comments and +uoted strings.

t. %i"ed a problem with the bash malloc$s internal idea o# the top o# the memor heap that resulted in incorrect decisions to tr to reduce the

brea and give memor bac to the ernel.

u. There are changes to the e"pansions pe#ormed on compound arra assignments, in an e##ort to mae #oo? 8ind19?bar 8ind29?baJ / identical to #oo8ind19?bar #oo8ind29?baJ.

v. Bash now reports an error i# 7read -a name$ is used when 7name$ is an e"isting associative arra.

w. %i"ed a bug that allowed an attempted assignment to a readonl variable in an arithmetic e"pression to not return #ailure.

". %i"ed several bugs that caused completion #unctions to be invoed even when

the cursor was be#ore the #irst word in the command.

. %i"ed a bug that caused parsing a command substitution to overwrite the parsing state associated with the complete input line.

J. %i"ed several bugs with the built-in snprint# replacement and #ield widths and #loating point.

aa. %i"ed a bug that caused incorrect o##set calculations and input bu##er corruption when reading #iles longer than 231 btes.

bb. %i"ed several bugs where bash per#ormed arithmetic evaluation in conte"ts where evaluation is suppressed.

cc. %i"ed a bug that caused bash to close %0%Os used #or process substitution too earl when a shell #unction was e"ecuting, but protect against using all #ile descriptors when the shell #unctions are invoed inside loops.



dd. 5dded checs #or printable and non-printable/ multibte characters #or use in error messages.

ee. %i"ed a bug that caused O operate-and-get-ne"t/ to not wor correctl at the end o# the histor list.

##. %i"ed a bug that caused command-oriented histor to incorrectl combine here documents into one line.

gg. %i"ed a bug that caused importing ('E&&O!T( #rom the environment into a !osi"-mode shell to print an error message and re#use to parse it.

hh. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to delete an e"tra histor entr when using 7histor -s$.

ii. %i"ed a bug that caused #loating-point e"ceptions and over#low errors #or the > and U arithmetic operators when using 0T5DA0 and -1.

::. %i"ed a bug that caused parsing errors when reading an arithmetic #or loop inside a command substitution.

. %i"ed a bug that caused a readonl #unction to be unset when unset was called without the -# or -v option.

ll. %i"ed several bugs in the code that +uotes characters special to regular e"pressions when used in a +uoted string on the 6'( o# the ?@ operator to the 88 command.

mm. %i"ed a bug that caused redirections to #ail because the #ile descriptor limit was set to a value less than 1G.

nn. %i"ed a bug that caused the 7read$ builtin to e"ecute code in a signal handler conte"t i# read timed out.

oo. %i"ed a bug that caused e"tended globbing patterns to not match #iles beginning with 7.$ correctl when a 7.$ was e"plicitl supplied in the pattern.

pp. %i"ed a bug that caused e se+uences longer than two characters to not wor when used with 7bind -"$.

++. %i"ed a bug that resulted in rede#ined #unctions having the wrong source #ile names in B5('A(O=6CE.

rr. %i"ed a bug that caused the read builtin to assign null strings to variables when using 7read -$, which caused core dumps when re#erenced

ss. %i"ed a bug that caused 7bash -m script$ to not enable :ob control while running the script.

tt. %i"ed a bug that caused 7print# -v var$ to dump core when used with the Ub #ormat code.

uu. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to e"it with the wrong status i# -e was active and the shell e"ited on a substitution error.

vv. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to seg #ault i# an arra variable with the same name as an e"isting associative arra was implicitl created b an assignment declare a8n9?b/.

ww. %i"ed a bug that caused a redirection to misbehave i# the number speci#ied #or a #ile descriptor over#lows an intma"At.



"". %i"ed several bugs with the handling o# valid and invalid unicode character values when used with the Vu and V= escape se+uences to print# and $...$.

. %i"ed a bug that caused tildes to not be escaped in e"panded #ilenames, maing them sub:ect to later e"pansion.

JJ. hen using the pattern substitution word e"pansion, bash now runs the replacement string through +uote removal, since it allows +uotes in that string to act as escape characters. This is not bacwards compatible, so it can be disabled b setting the bash compatibilit mode to 4.2.

aaa. %i"ed the rest o# the cases where the shell runs non-allowed code in a signal handler conte"t.

bbb. %i"ed a bug that caused spurious E& characters V1WW/ to appear in double-+uoted e"pansion where the 6'( is evaluated to the empt string.

ccc. %i"ed a bug that caused the use o# the shell$s internal random number generator #or temporar #ile names to perturb the random number se+uence.

ddd. %i"ed several bugs that caused 7declare -g$ to not set the right global variables or to misbehave when declaring global inde"ed arras.

eee. %i"ed a logic bug that caused e"tended globbing in a multibte locale to cause #ailures when using the pattern substititution word e"pansions.

###. %i"ed a bug that caused the 7lastpipe$ option to corrupt the #ile descriptor used to read the script.

ggg. %i"ed a bug that causes the shell to delete E& characters in the e"panded value o# variables used in the same +uoted string as variables that e"pand to nothing.

hhh. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to assign the wrong value #rom an assignment lie "?W // when 7"$ was an e"isting arra variable.

iii. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to misbehave when generating se+uences and the boundar values over#low an intma"At.

:::. %i"ed a bug caused e"pansion errors i# an e"pansion o# KIK appeared ne"t to another e"pansion e.g.. KMINM"NK/.

. %i"ed a potential bu##er over#low bug when per#orming >dev>#d e"pansion.

lll. %i"ed a bug that resulted in an e"tra semicolon being added to compound assignments when the were added to the histor list.

mmm. %i"ed a bug that caused map#ile to read one e"tra line #rom the input.

nnn. %i"ed a bug that caused the mail checing code to use uninitialiJed values.

ooo. %i"ed a bug that prevented histor timestamps #rom being saved i# the histor comment character is unset.

ppp. %i"ed a bug that caused the case-modi#ing e"pansions to not wor with multibte characters.

+++. %i"ed a bug that caused the edit-and-e"ecute bindable readline command

to see the wrong data i# invoed in the middle o# a multi-line +uoted string.

rrr. %i"ed a bug that resulted in the shell returning the wrong e"it status



#or a bacground command on sstems that reccle !0s ver +uicl.

sss. %i"ed a bug that caused asnchronous group commands to not run an ED0T trap de#ined in the bod o# the command.

ttt. %i"ed a bug that caused 7eval K... X returnK$ to not clean up properl.

uuu. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to dump core i# 7read$ reads an escaped 0%( whitespace character.

vvv. %i"ed a bug that caused B5('ACO5 to be set to an incorrect value when e"ecuting a .../ subshell.

www. %i"ed a couple o# pointer aliasing bugs with the toen string in arithmetic evaluation.

""". %i"ed a bug with parsing multi-line command substitutions when reading the 7do$ eword #ollowed b whitespace.

. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to seg #ault i# the time given to the print# U.../T #ormat over#lowed the value accepted b localtime3/.

JJJ. %i"ed a problem with displaing help topics in two columns when the translated te"t contained multibte characters.

aaaa. %i"ed a bug with the e"tended globbing pattern matcher where a 7$ was #ollowed b a negated e"tended glob pattern.

bbbb. %i"ed a race condition with short-lived coproc creation and reaping that caused the child process to be reaped be#ore the various coproc shell variables were initialiJed.

cccc. %i"ed a bug where turning o## 7erre"it$ in command substitution subshells was not re#lected in ('E&&O!T(.

dddd. !artiall #i"ed an inconsistenc in how the shell treated shell #unctions run #rom an ED0T trap.

eeee. %i"ed a bug in how the shell invalidated %0%Os used #or process substitution when e"ecuting a pipeline once rather than in ever child/.

####. %i"ed a bug that occurred when e"panding a special variable I, / within double +uotes and the e"pansion resulted in an empt string.

gggg. %i"ed bugs with e"ecuting a (0C'& trap handler to mae sure that it$s e"ecuted once per e"ited child.

hhhh. %i"ed a bug that caused 7declare$ and 7test$ to #ind variables that had been given attributes but not assigned values. (uch variables are not set.

iiii. %i"ed a bug that caused commands in process substitutions to not loo in the local temporar environment when per#orming word e"pansions.

::::. %i"ed several problems with globstar e"pansions >/ returning null #ilenames and multiple instances o# the same pathname.

. %i"ed an oversight that did not allow the e"it status o# 7coproc$ to be inverted using 7Y$.

llll. %i"ed a bug that caused the -e option to be re-enabled using 7set -e$ even when e"ecuting in a conte"t where -e is ignored.

mmmm. %i"ed a mostl theoretical/ bug with input lines longer than (0QEA5D.



nnnn. %i"ed a bug that could result in double evaluation o# command substitutions when the appear in #ailed redirections.

oooo. %i"ed a bug that could cause seg #aults during 7map#ile$ callbacs i# the callbac unsets the arra variable map#ile is using.

pppp. %i"ed several problems with variable assignments using MvarL?valueN when the variable assignment is supposed to have side e##ects.

++++. %i"ed a bug that caused a #ailure o# an assignment statement preceding a builtin caused the ne"t invocation o# a special builtin to e"it the shell.

rrrr. %i"ed several problems with 0%( when it appears in the temporarenvironment and is used in redirections.

ssss. %i"ed a problem that caused 0%( changes using M0%(L?valueN to modi# how preceding e"pansions were split.

tttt. %i"ed a problem that caused subshells to not run an ED0T trap the set.

uuuu. %i"ed a problem that caused shells started in posi" mode to attempt to import shell #unctions with invalid names #rom the environment. e now print a warning.

vvvv. ored around a ernel problem that caused (0C'& to interrupt open2/ on a %0%O used #or process substitution, even i# the (0C'& handler was installed with the (5A6E(T56T #lag.

wwww. %i"ed a problem that resulted in inconsistent e"pansion o# and Ma89N.

"""". %i"ed a problem that caused 7read -t$ to crash when interrupted b (00T.

. %i"ed a problem that caused pattern removal to #ail randoml because the pattern matcher read beond the end o# a string.

JJJJ. %i"ed a bug that caused core dumps when shell #unctions tried to create local shadow copies o# special variables lie 6O=!(.

aaaaa. %i"ed a bug that caused (0TE6 to be occasionall lost b children o# interactive shells when it arrived be#ore the child process reset the handler #rom (0A%&.

bbbbb. %i"ed a bug that caused redirections lie )n- to leave #ile descriptor n closed i# e"ecuted with a builtin command.

ccccc. %i"ed a bug that caused incorrect completion +uoting when completing a word containing a globbing character with 7show-all-i#-ambiguous$ set.

ddddd. %i"ed a bug that caused print#$s U+ #ormat speci#ier not to +uote a tilde even i# it appeared in a location where it would be sub:ect to tilde e"pansion.


a. %i"ed a bug that did not allow the 7dd$, 7cc$, or 7$ vi editing mode commands to wor on the entire line.

b. %i"ed a bug that caused redispla problems with prompts longer than 12R characters and histor searches.

c. %i"ed a bug that caused readline to tr and run code to modi# its idea



o# the screen siJe in a signal handler conte"t upon receiving a (00C'.

d. %i"ed a bug that caused the 7meta$ e to be enabled beond the duration o# an individual call top readline/. e. 5dded a woraround #or a wcwidth bug in ac O( D that caused readline$s redispla to mishandle Jero-width combining characters.

#. %i"ed a bug that caused readline to 7#orget$ part o# a e se+uence when a multiple-e se+uence caused it to brea out o# an incremental search.

g. %i"ed bugs that caused readline to e"ecute code in a signal handler conte"t i# interrupted while reading #rom the #ile sstem during completion.

h. %i"ed a bug that caused readline to 7#orget$ part o# a e se+uence when reading an unbound multi-character e se+uence.

i. %i"ed a bug that caused 6eadline$s signal handlers to be installed beond the bounds o# a single call to readline/.

:. %i"ed a bug that caused the 7.$ command to not redo the most recent 76$

command in vi mode.

. %i"ed a bug that caused ignoring case in completion matches to result in readline using the wrong match.

l. !aren matching now wors in vi insert mode.

m. %i" menu-completion to mae show-all-i#-ambiguous and menu-complete-displa-pre#i" wor together.

n. %i"ed a bug that didn$t allow the 7cc$, 7dd$, or 7$ commands to be redone in vi editing mode.

o. %i"ed a bug that caused the #ilename comparison code to not compare multibte characters correctl when using case-sensitive or case-mapping comparisons.

p. %i"ed the input reading loop to call the input hoo #unction onl when there is no terminal input available.

+. %i"ed a bug that caused binding a macro to a multi-character e se+uence where the se+uence and macro value share a common pre#i" to not per#orm the macro replacement.

r. %i"ed several redispla errors with multibte characters and prompts

containing invisible characters when using horiJontal scrolling.

s. %i"ed a bug that caused redispla errors when tring to overwrite e"isting characters using multibte characters.


a. The 7helptopic$ completion action now maps to all the help topics, not :ust the shell builtins.

b. The 7help$ builtin no longer does pre#i" substring matching, so 7help read$ does not match 7readonl$.

c. The shell can be compiled to not displa a message about processes that terminate due to (0TE6.

d. on-interactive shells now react to the setting o# checwinsiJe and set



&0E( and CO&=( a#ter a #oreground :ob e"its.

e. There is a new shell option, 7globasciiranges$, which, when set to on, #orces globbing range comparisons to use character ordering as i# the were run in the C locale.

#. There is a new shell option, 7dire"pand$, which maes #ilename completion e"pand variables in director names in the wa bash-4.1 did.

g. 0n !osi" mode, the 7command$ builtin does not change whether or not a builtin it shadows is treated as an assignment builtin.

h. The 7return$ and 7e"it$ builtins accept negative e"it status arguments.

i. The word completion code checs whether or not a #ilename containing a shell variable e"pands to a director name and appends 7>$ to the word as appropriate. The same code e"pands shell variables in command names when per#orming command completion.

:. 0n !osi" mode, it is now an error to attempt to de#ine a shell #unction with the same name as a !osi" special builtin.

. hen compiled #or strict !osi" con#ormance, histor e"pansion is disabled b de#ault.

l. The histor e"pansion character Y/ does not cause histor e"pansion when #ollowed b the closing +uote in a double-+uoted string.

m. 7complete$ and its siblings compgen>compopt now taes a new 7-o no+uote$ option to inhibit +uoting o# the completions.

n. (etting '0(T(0QE to a value less than Jero causes the histor list to be unlimited setting it G Jero disables the histor list/.

o. (etting '0(T%0&E(0QE to a value less than Jero causes the histor #ile siJe to be unlimited setting it to G causes the histor #ile to be truncated to Jero siJe/.

p. The 7read$ builtin now sips =& btes in the input.

+. There is a new 7bind -D$ option to print all e se+uences bound to =ni" commands.

r. hen in !osi" mode, 7read$ is interruptible b a trapped signal. 5#ter running the trap handler, read returns 12RZsignal and throws awa an partiall-read input.

s. The command completion code sips whitespace and assignment statements be#ore looing #or the command name word to be completed.

t. The build process has a new mechanism #or constructing separate help #iles that better re#lects the current set o# compilation options.

u. The -nt and -ot options to test now wor with #iles with nanosecond timestamp resolution.

v. The shell saves the command histor in an shell #or which histor is enabled and '0(T%0&E is set, not :ust interactive shells.

w. The shell has 7namere#$ variables and new -n>Zn/ options to declare and

unset to use them, and a 7test -6$ option to test #or them.

". The shell now allows assigning, re#erencing, and unsetting elements o# inde"ed arras using negative subscripts a8-19?2, echo Ma8-19N/ which



count bac #rom the last element o# the arra.

. The M"Nword redirection #eature now allows words lie Marra8ind9N and can use variables with special meanings to the shell e.g., B5('ADT65CE%/.

J. There is a new C'0&A5D special shell variableX its value controls the number o# e"ited child statues the shell remembers.

aa. There is a new con#iguration option --enable-dire"pand-de#ault/ that causes the 7dire"pand$ shell option to be enabled b de#ault.

bb. Bash does not do anthing special to ensure that the #ile descriptor assigned to D in M"N#oo remains open a#ter the bloc containing it completes.

cc. The 7wait$ builtin has a new 7-n$ option to wait #or the ne"t child to change status.

dd. The 7print#$ U.../T #ormat speci#ier now uses the current time i# no argument is supplied.

ee. There is a new variable, B5('ACO!5T, that controls the current shell compatibilit level.

##. The 7popd$ builtin now treats additional arguments as errors.

gg. The brace e"pansion code now treats a #ailed se+uence e"pansion as a simple string and will continue to e"pand brace terms in the remainder o# the word.


a. 6eadline is now more responsive to (0'=! and other #atal signals when reading input #rom the terminal or per#orming word completion but no

longer attempts to run an not-allowable #unctions #rom a signal handler conte"t.

b. There are new bindable commands to search the histor #or the string o# characters between the beginning o# the line and the point histor-substring-search-#orward, histor-substring-search-bacward/

c. 6eadline allows +uoted strings as the values o# variables when setting them with 7set$. 5s a side e##ect, trailing spaces and tabs are ignored when setting a string variable$s value.

d. The histor librar creates a bacup o# the histor #ile when writing it and restores the bacup on a write error.

e. ew application-settable variableL rlA#ilenameAstatAhooL a #unction called with a #ilename be#ore using it in a call to stat2/. Bash uses it to e"pand shell variables so things lie 'OE>ownloads have a slash appended.

#. ew bindable #unction 7print-last-bd-macro$, prints the most-recentl- de#ined eboard macro in a reusable #ormat.

g. ew user-settable variable 7colored-stats$, enables use o# colored te"t to denote #ile tpes when displaing possible completions colored analog o# visible-stats/.

h. ew user-settable variable 7ese+-timout$, acts as an inter-character timeout when reading input or incremental search strings.

i. ew application-callable #unctionL rlAclearAhistor. Clears the histor list



and #rees all readline-associated private data.

:. ew user-settable variable, show-mode-in-prompt, adds a characters to the beginning o# the prompt indicating the current editing mode.

. ew application-settable variableL rlAinputAavailableAhooX #unction to be called when readline needs to chec whether there is data available on its input source. The de#ault hoo checs rlAinstream.

l. 6eadline calls an application-set event hoo rlAsignalAeventAhoo/ a#ter it gets a signal while reading input read returns -1>E0T6 but readline does not handle the signal immediatel/ to allow the application to handle or otherwise note it. ot currentl called #or (0'=! or (0TE6.

m. 0# the user-settable variable 7histor-siJe$ is set to a value less than G, the histor list siJe is unlimited.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-release,and the previous version, bash-4.2-rc2.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed a bug that caused some variables to be clobbered b a long:mp, resulting in stac corruption.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-rc2,and the previous version, bash-4.2-rc1.

1. Changes to Bash

a. Changes to bashAdirectorAcompletionAhoo so that it$s assigned to the readline rlAdirectorArewriteAhoo variable, which modi#ies the director

name passed to opendir without modi#ing the director name the user tped.

b. %i"ed bug in select builtin that caused it to not terminate correctl i# the read timed out due to TO=T.

c. %i"ed a problem that resulted in non-repeatable se+uences o# random numbers when 65O?G.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-rc1,and the previous version, bash-4.2-beta.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed a bug that caused some redirection errors to lea #ile descriptors.

b. %i"ed a bug that caused unar 7Z$ and 7-$ arithmetic operators to have a higher precedence than unar 7Y$ and 7@$.

c. %i"ed a bug that caused simple commands in a pipeline to a##ect the e"it status ;/ seen b subse+uent pipeline commands.

d. 5 number o# cgwin-speci#ic changes to avoid the use o# te"t-mode #iles and #ile access, and to mae sure that Vr is handled correctl.

e. %i"ed a bug that caused the read builtin to not return #ailure i# an attempt is made to assign to a readonl variable.

#. %i"ed a bug that caused some builtin usage messages to not be translated.



g. %i"ed a bug that caused the getopts builtin to not return #ailure i# an attempt is made to assign to a readonl variable. ow it returns 2.

h. %i"ed the cd and pwd builtins to return #ailure i# ! is readonl and cannot be assigned to.

i. 5dded code to chec the return value o# access2/ on (olaris sstems, since it returns success #or e"ecutable tests e.g., 7test -"$/ when run b root, even i# the #ile permissions don$t allow e"ecution.


a. %i"ed a bug that caused director names in words to be completed to not be de+uoted correctl.



------------------------------------------------------------------------------

This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-beta,and the previous version, bash-4.2-alpha.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed a bug that caused the V prompt string escape to not add a closing =&&.

b. %i"ed a bug that caused partiall-+uoted words that were not sub:ect to word splitting to retained +uoted =&&s.

c. 5dded considerable e##icienc speedups when pattern matching in multibte locales b sipping multibte character #unctions where possible.

d. 5dded considerable speedups to variable e"pansion when in multibte locales.

e. %i"ed a bug that caused the e"pansion o# when there are no positional parameters to cause the shell to dump core when used in a pattern matching conte"t.

#. %i"ed a bug that caused variable e"pansions preceding regular builtins to not change the shell environment during their e"ecution.


a. %i"ed a bug that made an e"plicit argument o# G to an-last-arg behave

as i# it were a negative argument.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.2-alpha,and the previous version, bash-4.1-release.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed a bug in the parser when processing alias e"pansions containing +uoted newlines.

b. %i"ed a memor lea in associative arra e"pansion.

c. %i"ed a bug that caused +uoted here-strings to be re+uoted when printed.

d. %i"ed a bug in arithmetic e"pansion that caused the inde" in an arra e"pansion to be evaluated twice under certain circumstances.



e. %i"ed several bugs with the e"pansion and displa o# variables that have been given attributes but not values and are technicall unset.

#. %i"ed a bug that caused core dumps when using #ilename completion that e"pands to a #ilename containing a globbing character.

g. %i"ed a bug that caused assignment statements preceding a special builtin when running in !osi" mode to not persist a#ter the builtin completed when the special builtin was e"ecuted in a shell #unction without an local variables.

h. %i"ed a bug that caused a command to remain in the hash table even a#ter 7hash command$ did not #ind anthing i# there was alread an e"isting hashed pathname.

i. %i"ed several bugs caused b e"ecuting unsa#e #unctions #rom a signal handler in the cases where a signal handler is e"ecuted immediatel rather than setting a #lag #or later e"ecution.

:. %i"ed a bug that caused some internal #lag variables to be set

incorrectl i# 7read -t$ timed out.

. %i"ed a !osi" compatibilit issue b maing sure that a bacslash escaping a 7N$ within a double-+uoted M...N parameter e"pansion is removed as part o# the parameter e"pansion.

l. %i"ed a bug that caused e"ecution o# a trap to overwrite !0!E(T5T=(.

m. %i"ed a bug that caused here documents to not be displaed correctl when attached to commands inside compound commands.

n. %i"ed a bug that caused the print# builtin to use the wrong precision when using the 7$ modi#ier.

o. %i"ed a bug that caused an arriving (0C'& to interrupt output #unctions lie those invoed b echo or print#.

p. Changed to use a more robust mechanism than eaccess2/ when test is checing #ilenames #or e"ecution permission.

+. %i"ed a bug that caused spurious semicolons to be added into the command histor in certain cases.

r. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to #ree non-allocated memor when unsetting element G o# an associative arra a#ter it was assigned implicitl.

s. %i"ed a bug that could cause the shell to dump core i# using the 7v$ vi editing command on a multi-line command.

t. %i"ed a bug that le#t %0%Os opened b process substitutions open long enough to potentiall cause #ile descriptor e"haustion when running a shell #unction or shell builtin.

u. %i"ed a bug that caused the histor e"pansion #unctions to not recogniJe process substitution or e"tended glob patterns as single words.

v. %i"ed a bug that caused restricted shells to set a restricted command$s e"it status incorrectl.

w. %i"ed a bug that caused bash to ignore the wrong set o# #ilenames when completing a command using the 7complete-#ilename$ readline command.



". %i"ed a bug that caused a -!0 argument #ollowing a -s sig or -n sig to not be interpreted as a signal speci#ication.

. Changed posi"-mode behavior o# a parse error in a 7.$ script or 7eval$ command to e"it the shell under !osi"-speci#ied conditions. !revious versions printed a warning.

J. %i"ed a bug in V prompt e"pansion that resulted in incorrect e"pansion in the event o# overlapping strings.

aa. %i"ed a bug that caused the L? parameter e"pansion operator to return the wrong value as the result o# the e"pansion.

bb. hen in !osi" mode, a single +uote is not treated speciall in a double-+uoted M...N e"pansion, unless the e"pansion operator is P or U or the non-!osi" 7>>$, 7$, and 7,$. 0n particular, it does not de#ine a new +uoting conte"t. This is #rom !osi" interpretation 221.

cc. %i"ed a bug that inadvertentl allowed program names containing slashes to be entered into the command hash table.

dd. %i"ed a bug that caused the select builtin to incorrectl compute the displa width o# the arguments in the presence o# multibte characters.

ee. %i"ed a bug that caused bash to not change the "trace #ile descriptor i# B5('ADT65CE% was #ound in the shell environment at startup.

##. %i"ed a memor lea in the pattern removal parameter e"pansion.

gg. %i"ed a bug that caused (00T to #ail to interrupt a nested loop i# the loop was in a pipeline.

hh. %i"ed a problem in .../ parsing that caused the parser to add an e"tra space to a here-document delimiter i# the #irst word contained a 7>$.

ii. %i"ed a bug that caused #unctions de#ined with the 7#unction$ reserved word to re+uire braces around the #unction bod.

::. %i"ed a bug that caused bash to dump core when a variable e"pansion being used as an arra subscript #ailed.

. %i"ed a bug that caused bash to dump core i# the case-modi#ication e"pansions were used on a variable with a null value.

ll. %i"ed a bug that caused partiall-+uoted strings to be split incorrectl i# a variable with a null value was e"panded within double +uotes.

mm. The pattern substitution word e"pansion has been sped up dramaticall when running in a locale with multibte characters.

nn. %i"ed a bug that caused histor -a to not write the correct lines to the histor #ile i# all the new lines in the histor list were added since the last time the histor #ile was read or written.

oo. %i"ed a bug that caused completion o# a word with an unclosed 77 command substitution to set the prompt incorrectl.

pp. %i"ed a bug that caused e"tended globbing patterns in '0(T0O6E or &OB0O6E to be incorrectl scanned.

++. %i"ed a bug caused b closing #ile descriptors 3-2G on shell startup. The shell now sets them to close-on-e"ec.

rr. %i"ed a bug that caused the e"it status o# 7e"ec #ile$ to be set incorrectl



i# 7#ile$ was a director.

ss. %i"ed a bug in the 7.$ builtin to mae a non-interactive posi"-mode shell e"it i# the #ile argument to 7.$ is not #ound. !re#i"ing e"ec with

7command$ maes the shell not e"it. !osi" re+uires this behavior.

tt. %i"ed a bug that caused 7sh -c $command e"ecX e"it 1$ to hang.

uu. %i"ed a bug in .../ command substitution parsing that caused the shell to treat bacslash-newline incorrectl when parsing a comment.

vv. %i"ed bug that caused brace e"pansion se+uence generation to misbehave when supplied integers greater than 231 - 1.

ww. %i"ed a bug that caused #ailure to save #ile descriptors #or redirections to corrupt shell #ile descriptors.

"". %i"ed a bug that caused bash-#orward-shellword to not correctl handle +uoted strings.


a. %i"ed a bug that caused the unconverted #ilename to be added to the list o# completions when the application speci#ied #ilename conversion #unctions.

b. %i"ed a bug that caused the wrong #ilename to be passed to opendir when the application has speci#ied a #ilename de+uoting #unction.

c. %i"ed a bug when repeating a character search in vi mode in the case where there was no search to repeat.

d. hen show-all-i#-ambiguous is set, the completion routines no longer insert a common match pre#i" that is shorter than the te"t being completed.

e. The #ull set o# vi editing commands ma now be used in callbac mode.

#. %i"ed a bug that caused readline to not update its idea o# the terminal dimensions while running in 7no-echo$ mode.

h. %i"ed a bug that caused readline to dump core i# an application called rlAprepAterminal without setting rlAinstream.

i. %i"ed a bug that caused meta-pre#i"ed characters bound to incremental search #orward or bacward to not be recogniJed i# the were tped subse+uentl.

:. The incremental search code treats e se+uences that map to the same

#unctions as de#ault/ , , and [ as e+uivalent to those characters.

. %i"ed a bug in menu-complete that caused it to misbehave with large negative argument.

l. %i"ed a bug that caused vi-mode an-last-arg to ring the bell when invoed at the end o# the line.


a. 7e"ec -a #oo$ now sets G to 7#oo$ in an e"ecutable shell script without a leading PY.

b. (ubshells begun to e"ecute command substitutions or run shell #unctions or builtins in subshells do not reset trap strings until a new trap is speci#ied. This allows trap/ to displa the caller$s traps and the trap strings to persist until a new trap is set.



c. 7trap -p$ will now show signals ignored at shell startup, though their disposition still cannot be modi#ied.

d. $...$, echo, and print# understand VuDDDD and V=DDDDDDDD escape se+uences.

e. declare>tpeset has a new 7-g$ option, which creates variables in the global scope even when run in a shell #unction.

#. test>8>88 have a new -v variable unar operator, which returns success i# 7variable$ has been set.

g. !osi" parsing changes to allow 7Y time command$ and multiple consecutive instances o# 7Y$ which toggle/ and 7time$ which have no cumulative e##ect/.

h. !osi" change to allow 7time$ as a command b itsel# to print the elapsed user, sstem, and real times #or the shell and its children.

:. ...// is alwas parsed as an arithmetic e"pansion #irst, instead o# as a potential nested command substitution, as !osi" re+uires.

. 5 new %=CE(T variable to allow the user to control the ma"imum shell #unction nesting recursive e"ecution/ level.

l. The map#ile builtin now supplies a third argument to the callbac commandL the line about to be assigned to the supplied arra inde".

m. The print# builtin has a new U#mt/T speci#ier, which allows time values to use str#time-lie #ormatting.

n. There is a new 7compat41$ shell option.

o. The cd builtin has a new !osi"-mandated 7-e$ option.

p. egative subscripts to inde"ed arras, previousl errors, now are treated as o##sets #rom the ma"imum assigned inde" Z 1.

+. egative length speci#ications in the MvarLo##setLlengthN e"pansion, previousl errors, are now treated as o##sets #rom the end o# the variable.

r. !arsing change to allow 7time -p --$.

s. !osi"-mode parsing change to not recogniJe 7time$ as a eword i# the #ollowing toen begins with a 7-$. This means no more !osi"-mode 7time -p$. !osi" interpretation 2\W.

t. There is a new 7lastpipe$ shell option that runs the last command o# a pipeline in the current shell conte"t. The lastpipe option has no e##ect i# :ob control is enabled.

u. 'istor e"pansion no longer e"pands the 7Y$ variable e"pansion.

v. !osi" mode shells no longer e"it i# a variable assignment error occurs with an assignment preceding a command that is not a special builtin.

w. on-interactive mode shells e"it i# -u is enabled and an attempt is made to use an unset variable with the U or P e"pansions, the 7>>$, 7$, or 7,$ e"pansions, or the parameter length e"pansion.

". !osi"-mode shells use the argument passed to 7.$ as-is i# a !5T' search #ails, e##ectivel searching the current director. !osi"-2GGR change.




a. The histor librar does not tr to write the histor #ilename in the current director i# 'OE is unset. This closes a potential securit problem i# the application does not speci# a histor #ilename.

b. ew bindable variable 7completion-displa-width$ to set the number o# columns used when displaing completions.

c. ew bindable variable 7completion-case-map$ to cause case-insensitive completion to treat 7-$ and 7A$ as identical.

d. There are new bindable vi-mode command names to avoid readline$s case- insensitive matching not allowing them to be bound separatel.

e. ew bindable variable 7menu-complete-displa-pre#i"$ causes the menu completion code to displa the common pre#i" o# the possible completions be#ore ccling through the list, instead o# a#ter.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.1-rc,and the previous version, bash-4.1-beta.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed a bug that caused print# to not return a partial value when it encountered an error while converting an integer argument.

b. %i"ed a bug that caused setting one o# the compat options to not turn o## the others.

c. The undocumented/ --worde"p option is no longer included b de#ault.

d. %i"ed a bug in conditional command e"ecution that caused it to not correctl ignore the e"it status under certain circumstances.

e. 5dded a con#igure-time chec #or correctl-woring asprint#>snprint#.

#. %i"ed some problems with line number calculation and displa when sourcing a #ile in an interactive shell.

g. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to crash when using 7declare -5 #oo?bar$.

h. %i"ed a bug that caused an o##-b-one error when calculating the directories to displa with the !6O!TA06T60 option.


a. %i"ed a bug that caused applications using the callbac inter#ace to not react to (00T or other signals/ until another character arrived.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.1-beta,and the previous version, bash-4.1-alpha.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed a bug in map#ile that caused the shell to crash i# it was passed the name o# an associative arra.

b. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to incorrectl split case patterns i#

the contained characters in 0%(.

c. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to set ; to the wrong value when using a construct ending with a variable assignment with set -" enabled and !(4



containing a command substitution.

d. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to read commands incorrectl i# an e"pansion error occurred under certain conditions in a user-speci#ied subshell.

e. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to set ; incorrectl i# a parse error occurred in an evaluation conte"t KevalK, trap command, dot script, etc./

#. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to attempt command substitution completion within a single-+uoted string.

g. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to insert an e"tra single +uote during word completion.

h. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to crash i# invoed with the environment variable E5C( having a null value.

i. %i"ed a bug that caused bash to incorrectl report the presence o# new mail in a 7maildir$ environment.

:. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to not recogniJe a here-document ending delimiter inside a command substitution.

. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to crash when a a dnamic arra variable was assigned a scalar value.



a. The map#ile>readarra builtin no longer stores the commands it invoes via callbacs in the histor list.

b. There is a new 7compat4G$ shopt option.

c. The and F operators to 88 do string comparisons using the current locale onl i# the compatibilit level is greater than 4G set to 41 b de#ault/.


------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.1-alpha,and the previous version, bash-4.G-release.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed bugs in the parser involving new parsing o# the commands contained in command substitution when the substitution is read.

b. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when per#orming programmable completion using a shell #unction.

c. %i"ed a bug in 7map#ile$ that caused it to invoe callbacs at the wrong time.

d. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when listing :obs in the 7e"it$ builtin.

e. %i"ed several bugs encountered when reading subscripts in associative

arra assignments and e"pansions.

#. %i"ed a bug that under some circumstances caused an associative arra to be converted to an inde"ed arra.



g. %i"ed a bug that caused snta" errors and (00T interrupts to not set ; to a value F 12R.

h. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to remove %0%Os associated with process substitution inside shell #unctions.

i. %i"ed a bug that caused terminal attributes to not be reset when the 7read$ builtin timed out.

:. %i"ed a bug in brace e"pansion that caused unwanted Jero padding o# the e"panded terms.

. %i"ed a bug that prevented the *) construct #rom woring as intended when used with a simple command with additional redirections.

l. %i"ed a bug with the case statment X) terminator that caused the shell to dere#erence a =&& pointer.

m. %i"ed a bug that caused assignment statements or redirections preceding a simple command name to inhibit alias e"pansion.

n. %i"ed the behavior o# 7set -u$ to con#orm to the latest !osi"interpretationL ever e"pansion o# an unset variable e"cept I and will cause the shell to e"it.

o. %i"ed a bug that caused double-+uoted e"pansions o# inside word e"pansions lie M"PN to not e"pand properl when 0%( is empt.

p. %i"ed a bug that caused traps to set &0EO to the wrong value when the e"ecute.

+. %i"ed a bug that caused o##-b-one errors when computing histor lines in

the 7#c$ builtin.

r. %i"ed a bug that caused some terminating signals to not e"it the shell +uicl enough, #orcing the ernel to send the signal e.g., (0(E]/ multiple times.

s. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to attempt to add empt lines to the histor list when reading here documents.

t. ade some internal changes that dramaticall speeds up se+uential inde"ed arra access.

u. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to write past the end o# a string when

completing a double-+uoted string ending in a bacslash.

v. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to replace too man characters when a pattern match was null in a M#oo>>barN e"pansion.

w. %i"ed bugs in the e"pansion o# that caused duplicate director names and the contents o# the current director to be omitted.

". %i"ed a bug that caused ; to not be set correctl when re#erencing an unset variable with set -u and set -e enabled.

. %i"ed a bug caused b e"ecuting an e"ternal program #rom the EB= trap while a pipeline was running. The e##ect was to disturb the pipeline

state, occasionall causing it to hang.

J. %i"ed a bug that caused the glob e"pansion to dump core i# it encountered an unsearchable director.



aa. %i"ed a bug that caused 7command -v$ and 7command -]$ to not honor the path set b the -p option.

bb. %i"ed a bug that caused brace e"pansion to tae place too soon in some compound arra assignments.

cc. %i"ed a bug that caused programmable completion #unctions$ changes to 6E5&0EA!O0T to not be re#lected bac to readline.

dd. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to dump core i# a trap was e"ecuted during a shell assignment statement.

ee. %i"ed an o##-b-one error when computing the number o# positional parameters #or the MILGLnN e"pansion.

##. %i"ed a problem with setting CO!ACO6 #or programmable completion #unctions that could leave it set to -1.

gg. %i"ed a bug that caused the E66 trap to be triggered in some cases where 7set -e$ would not have caused the shell to e"it.

hh. %i"ed a bug that caused changes made b 7compopt$ to not persist past the completion #unction in which compopt was e"ecuted.

ii. %i"ed a bug that caused the list o# hostname completions to not be cleared when 'O(T5E was unset.

::. %i"ed a bug that caused variable e"pansion in here documents to loo in an temporar environment.

. Bash and readline can now convert #ile names between precomposed and decomposed =nicode on ac O( D KeboardK and #ile sstem #orms, respectivel/. This a##ects #ilename completion using new

rlA#ilenameArewriteAhoo/, globbing, and readline redispla.

ll. The E66 and ED0T traps now see a non-Jero value #or ; when a parser error a#ter set -e has been enabled causes the shell to e"it.

mm. %i"ed a bug that in brace e"pansion that caused Jero-pre#i"ed terms to not contain the correct number o# digits.

nn. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to #ree non-allocated memor when unsetting an associative arra which had had a value implicitl assigned to inde" KGK.

oo. %i"ed a memor lea in the MYpre#i"IN e"pansion.

pp. %i"ed a bug that caused print# to not correctl report all write errors.

++. %i"ed a bug that caused single and double +uotes to act as delimiters when splitting a command line into words #or programmable completion.

rr. %i"ed a bug that caused globbing that caused >path> to match ever director, not :ust those matching 7path$.

ss. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when running 7help$ without arguments i# the terminal width was #ewer than W characters.


a. The (00C' signal handler now avoids calling the redispla code i# one arrives while in the middle o# redispla.



b. Changes to the timeout code to mae sure that timeout values greater than one second are handled better.

c. %i"ed a bug in the redispla code that was triggered b a prompt containing invisible characters e"actl the width o# the screen.

d. %i"ed a bug in the redispla code encountered when running in horiJontal scroll mode.

e. %i"ed a bug that prevented menu completion #rom properl completing #ilenames.

#. %i"ed a redispla bug caused b a multibte character causing a line to wrap.

g. %i"ed a bug that caused e se+uences o# two characters to not be recogniJed when a longer se+uence identical in the #irst two characters was bound.

h. %i"ed a bug that caused histor e"pansion to be attempted on $...$ single-+uoted strings.

i. %i"ed a bug that caused incorrect redispla when the prompt contained multibte characters in an 7invisible$ se+uence braceted b V8 and V9.

:. %i"ed a bug that caused histor e"pansion to short-circuit a#ter encountering a multibte character.


a. 'ere-documents within .../ command substitutions ma once more be delimited b the closing right paren, instead o# re+uiring a newline.

b. Bash$s #ile status checs e"ecutable, readable, etc./ now tae #ile sstem 5C&s into account on #ile sstems that support them.

c. Bash now passes environment variables with names that are not valid shell variable names through into the environment passed to child processes.

d. The 7e"ecute-uni"-command$ readline #unction now attempts to clear and reuse the current line rather than move to a new one a#ter the command e"ecutes.

e. 7print# -v$ can now assign values to arra indices.

#. ew 7complete -E$ and 7compopt -E$ options that wor on the KemptK completionL completion attempted on an empt command line.

g. ew complete>compgen>compopt - option to de#ine a 7de#ault$ completionL a completion to be invoed on command #or which no completion has been de#ined. 0# this #unction returns 124, programmable completion is attempted again, allowing a user to dnamicall build a set o# completions as completion is attempted b having the de#ault completion #unction install individual completion #unctions each time it is invoed.

h. hen displaing associative arras, subscripts are now +uoted.

i. Changes to dabbrev-e"pand to mae it more 7emacs-lie$L no space appended

a#ter matches, completions are not sorted, and most recent histor entries are presented #irst.

:. The 88 and commands are now sub:ect to the setting o# 7set -e$ and the



E66 trap.

. The source>. builtin now removes =& btes #rom the #ile be#ore attempting to parse commands.

l. There is a new con#iguration option in con#ig-top.h/ that #orces bash to #orward all histor entries to sslog.

m. 5 new variable B5('O!T( to e"port shell options settable using 7shopt$ to child processes.

n. There is a new con#gure option that #orces the e"tglob option to be enabled b de#ault.

o. ew variable B5('ADT65CE%X when set to an integer bash will write "trace output to that #ile descriptor.

p. 0# the optional le#t-hand-side o# a redirection is o# the #orm MvarN, the shell assigns the #ile descriptor used to var or uses var as the #ile descriptor to move or close, depending on the redirection operator.

+. The and F operators to the 88 conditional command now do string comparison according to the current locale.

r. !rogrammable completion now uses the completion #or 7b$ instead o# 7a$ when completion is attempted on a line lieL a b c.

s. %orce e"tglob on temporaril when parsing the pattern argument to the ?? and Y? operators to the 88 command, #or compatibilit.

t. Changed the behavior o# interrupting the wait builtin when a (0C'& is received and a trap on (0C'& is set to be !osi"-mode onl.

u. The read builtin has a new 7- nchars$ option, which reads e"actl C'56(

characters, ignoring delimiters lie newline.


a. ew bindable #unctionL menu-complete-bacward.

b. 0n the vi insertion emap, C-n is now bound to menu-complete b de#ault, and C-p to menu-complete-bacward.

c. hen in vi command mode, repeatedl hitting E(C now does nothing, even when E(C introduces a bound e se+uence. This is closer to how historical vi behaves.

d. ew bindable #unctionL sip-csi-se+uence. Can be used as a de#ault to consume e se+uences generated b es lie 'ome and End without having to bind all es.

e. ew application-settable #unctionL rlA#ilenameArewriteAhoo. Can be used to rewite or modi# #ilenames read #rom the #ile sstem be#ore the are compared to the word to be completed.

#. ew bindable variableL sip-completed-te"t, active when completing in the middle o# a word. 0# enabled, it means that characters in the completion that match characters in the remainder o# the word are KsippedK rather than inserted into the line.

g. The pre-readline-\.G version o# menu completion is available as Kold-menu-completeK #or users who do not lie the readline-\.G version.

h. ew bindable variableL echo-control-characters. 0# enabled, and the



tt EC'OCT& bit is set, controls the echoing o# characters corresponding to eboard-generated signals.

i. ew bindable variableL enable-meta-e. Controls whether or not readline sends the smm>rmm se+uences i# the terminal indicates it has a meta e that enables eight-bit characters.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.G-release,and the previous version, bash-4.G-rc1.

1. Changes to Bash

a. Changed the message printed when setlocale3/ #ails to onl include the strerror error te"t i# the call changes errno.

b. Changed trap command e"ecution to reset the line number be#ore running a trap e"cept EB= and 6ET=6 traps/.

c. %i"ed behavior o# case-modi#iing word e"pansions to not wor on individual words within a variable$s value.

d. %i"ed a bug that caused map#ile to not be interruptible when run in an interactive shell.

e. %i"ed a bug that caused map#ile to not run callbacs #or the #irst line read.

#. %i"ed a bug that caused map#ile to not honor EO% tped in an interactive shell.

g. %i"ed the coprocess reaping code to not run straight #rom a signal handler.

h. %i"ed a bug that caused print# -b to ignore the #irst U conversion speci#ier

in the #ormat string on \4-bit sstems.

i. %i"ed a bug that caused incorrect word splitting when 7L$, 7?$, or 7@$ appeared in 0%(.

:. %i"ed a bug that caused data corruption in the programmable completion code when a shell #unction called #rom a completion aborted e"ecution.

. %i"ed a bug that caused the C!= usage reported b the 7time$ builtin to be capped at 1GGU.

l. Changed behavior o# shell when -e option is in e##ect to re#lect consensus o# !osi" shell standardiJation woring group.

m. %i"ed a bug introduced in bash-4.G-alpha that caused redirections to not be displaed b 7tpe$ or 7declare$ when appearing in #unctions under certain circumstances.


a. %i"ed a bug that caused Y.../ e"tended glob patterns to inhibit later histor e"pansion.

b. 6ewored the signal handling to avoid calling disallowed #unctions #rom a signal handler.


a. 7readarra$ is now a snonm #or 7map#ile$.------------------------------------------------------------------------------



This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.G-rc1,and the previous version, bash-4.G-beta2.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed a bug that caused parsing errors when a /-stle command substitution was #ollwed immediatel b a +uoted newline.

b. %i"ed a bug that caused e"tended shell globbing patterns beginning with 7$ to not wor when used with pattern substitution word e"pansions. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.G-beta2,and the previous version, bash-4.G-beta.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed a bug that caused #ailed word e"pansions to set ; but not !0!E(T5T=(.

b. Changed #ilename completion to +uote the tilde in a #ilename with a

leading tilde that e"ists in the current director.

c. %i"ed a bug that caused a #ile descriptor lea when per#orming redirections attached to a compound command.

d. %i"ed a bug that caused e"pansions o# I and to not e"it the shell i# the -u option was enabled and there were no posititional parameters.

e. %i"ed a bug that resulted in bash not terminating immediatel i# a terminating signal was received while per#orming output.

#. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to crash a#ter creating 2^\ process substitutions during word completion.


a. %i"ed a bug that caused redispla errors when using prompts with invisible characters and numeric arguments to a command in a multibte locale.

b. %i"ed a bug that caused redispla errors when using prompts with invisible characters spanning more than two phsical screen lines.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.G-beta,and the previous version, bash-4.G-alpha.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed a tpo that caused a variable to be used be#ore initialiJation while parsing !osi"-stle command substitutions.

b. %i"ed a bug that caused stra ; when the e"pansion o# a parameter used as part o# a pattern removal e"pansion is empt, but part o# a non- empt string.

c. %i"ed a bug that could cause strings not converted to numbers b strtol to be treated as i# the conversion had been success#ul.

d. The 7return$ builtin now accepts no options and re+uires a 7--$ be#ore

a negative return value, as !osi" re+uires.

e. %i"ed a bug that caused local variables to be created with the empt string #or a value rather than no value.



#. Changed behavior so the shell now acts as i# it received an interrupt when a pipeline is illed b (00T while e"ecuting a list.

g. %i"ed a bug that caused 7declare var$ and 7tpeset var$ to initialiJe 7var$ to the empt string.

h. Changed 7bind$ builtin to print a warning but proceed i# invoed when line editing is not active.

i. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to e"it when the 7erre"it$ option is set and a command in a pipeline returns a non-Jero e"it status.

:. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to not run the e"it trap in a command run with 7bash -c$ under some circumstances.

. %i"ed a bug that caused parser errors to occasionall not set ; when running commands with 7eval$.

l. %i"ed a bug that caused stra control characters when evaluating compound arra assignments containing $V"W#$ escapes.

m. %i"ed a bug that caused redirections involving #ile descriptor 1G as the target to behave incorrectl.

n. %i"ed a bug that could cause memor to be #reed multiple times when assigning to CO!AO6B6E5_(.

o. %i"ed a bug that could cause =&& pointer dere#erences when CO!AO6B6E5_( was unset.



a. 5 value o# G #or the -t option to 7read$ now returns success i# there is input available to be read #rom the speci#ied #ile descriptor.

b. C!5T' and &OB0O6E are ignored when the shell is running in privileged mode.

c. ew bindable readline #unctions shell-#orward-word and shell-bacward-word, which move #orward and bacward words delimited b shell metacharacters and honor shell +uoting.

d. ew bindable readline #unctions shell-bacward-ill-word and shell-ill-word which ill words bacward and #orward, but use the same word boundaries

as shell-#orward-word and shell-bacward-word.


a. 0# the ernel supports it, readline displas special characters corresponding to a eboard-generated signal when the signal is received.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.G-alpha,and the previous version, bash-3.2-release.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed several bugs in old-stle 77 command substitution parsing, including comment parsing and +uoted string handling.

b. %i"ed problems parsing arguments to the 88 command$s ?@ regular e"pression



matching operatorL metacharacter and whitespace parsing.

c. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to inappropriatel reuse high-numbered #ile descriptors it used internall.

d. %i"ed a bug in pattern replacement word e"pansions that caused a 7>$ as the #irst character o# an e"panded pattern to be mistaen #or a global replacement speci#ier.

e. %i"ed several problems with the asprint# and snprint# replacement #unctions that caused hangs and crashes.

#. %i"ed a bug in the calculation o# the current and previous :ob that caused it to re#er to incorrect :obs.

g. %i"ed a bug in the chec #or the validit o# a hashed command pathname that caused unnecessar hash table deletions and additions.

h. %i"ed a bug that caused child processes to inherit the wrong value #or Y.

i. %i"ed a bug that caused 7.$ to #ail to read and e"ecute commands #rom non-

regular #iles such as devices or named pipes.

:. %i"ed a bug in print# #ormatting #or the U" and UD e"pansions that occurred on some sstems.

. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to crash when creating temporar #iles i# T!06 named a non-writable director.

l. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to ignore T!06 when creating temporar #iles under some circumstances.

m. %i"ed a bug that caused named pipes created b process substitution to not be cleaned up.

n. %i"ed a bug that caused '0(TT0E%O65T to not be honored when it appeared in the initial shell environment.

o. %i"ed several bugs in the e"pansion o# and I +uoted and un+uoted/ when 0%( is null or contains non-whitespace charactersX the same changes appl to arras subscripted with or I.

p. %i"ed several problems with pattern substitution e"pansions on the positional parameters and arras subscripted with or I that occurred when 0%( was set to the empt string.

+. ade a change to the de#ault locale initialiJation code that should

result in better behavior #rom the locale-aware librar #unctions.

r. %i"ed a bug that caused compacting the :obs list to drop :obs.

s. %i"ed a bug that caused :umps bac to the top-level processing loop #rom a builtin command to leave the shell in an inconsistent state.

t. %i"ed a bug that caused characters that would be escaped internall to be doubled when escaped with a bacslash.

u. %i"ed the initialiJation o# mailbo"es to not cause maildirs to be read and stat2/ called #or ever message #ile/ at shell startup.

v. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to not displa !(2 when the read builtin reads a line continued with a bacslash.

w. %i"ed a bug that caused errors in word splitting when 0%( contained



characters used #or internal +uoting.

". %i"ed bugs that caused problems with output #rom shell builtins not being completel displaed on some sstems.

. %i"ed a bug that caused output to be lost when a redirection is acting on the shell$s output #ile descriptor.

J. %i"ed bugs caused b shell builtins not checing #or all write errors.

aa. %i"ed a problem that caused the shell to dump core i# e"pansions on the pattern passed to the pattern removal word e"pansions resulted in e"pansion errors.

bb. %i"ed a bug that caused bash to loop in#initel a#ter creating and waiting #or 4GH\ :obs.

cc. %i"ed a bug that caused bash to lose the status o# a bacground :ob under certain circumstances.

dd. %i"ed a bug that caused bash to not loo in the temporar environment

when per#orming variable looup under certain circumstances.

ee. %i"ed a bug that caused bash to close #ile descriptors greater than 1G when the were used in redirections.

##. %i"ed a problem that caused the shell to attempt to read #rom the standard input when called as 7bash -i script$.

gg. %i"ed a memor lea and variable initialiJation problems when the -v option was supplied to 7print#$ that could cause incorrect results.

hh. %i"ed a bug that caused the 7read$ builtin to count btes when the -n option was supplied, rather than possibl multibte/ characters.

ii. %i"ed a bug when displaing a #unction due to not converting the #unction to an e"ternal #orm.

::. Changed :ob control initialiJation to ensure that the shell has a tt as its controlling terminal be#ore enabling :ob control.

. %i"ed a bug with the 7test$ builtin that caused it to misinterpret arguments beginning with 7-$ but containing more than one character.

ll. %i"ed bug that could cause the shell to dump core in certain cases where a command sets the (00T disposition to the de#ault.

mm. %i"ed a bug in the pattern replacement a##ecting both word e"pansion and the 7#c$ builtin/ that occurred when the pattern and replacement strings were empt.

nn. %i"ed a bug that caused an arithmetic evaluation error to disable all #urther evaluation.

oo. %i"ed a bug in pathname e"pansion that caused it to interpret bacslashes in the pathname as +uoting characters.

pp. %i"ed a bug in the replacement getcwd/ implementation that could cause memor to be overwritten.

++. hen in !osi" mode, the 7ulimit$ builtin now uses a bloc siJe o# ^12 #or the 7-c$ and 7-#$ options.

rr. Brace e"pansion now allows process substitutions to pass through unchanged.



ss. %i"ed a problem in the command name completion code to avoid +uoting escaped special characters twice when the command name begins with a tilde.

tt. %i"ed a problem in the print# builtin that resulted in single-bte output #or the K$K escape, even when using multibte characters.

uu. %i"ed a bug that caused the #ailure e"it status to be lost when redirections attached to a compound command #ailed.

vv. %i"ed a bug that caused the internal random number generator to not be re-seeded correctl when creating a subshell.

ww. %i"ed a bug that could cause the bash replacement getcwd to overwrite memor.

"". %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to not receive (00T i# it was sent while the shell was waiting #or a command substitution to terminate, and mae sure the e"it status is correct when it does.

. %i"ed a bug that resulted in the second and subse+uent children spawned

b a shell begun to run a command substitution being placed into the wrong process group.

JJ. %i"ed a bug that caused the results o# success#ul tilde e"pansion to be sub:ect to pathname e"pansion and word splitting.

aaa. %i"ed a bug that could cause the shell to hang i# it encountered an error that caused it to :ump bac to the top processing loop during a command substitution or 7eval$ command.

bbb. %i"ed a bug that caused the 7read$ builtin to use the tt$s attributes instead o# those o# the #ile descriptor passed with the -u option when processing the -n and -d options.

ccc. %i"ed a bug that caused incorrect e"pansion o# Marra8I9L#ooN i# the #irst character o# 0%( was not whitespace.

ddd. %i"ed a bug that occurred when scanning #or the ending delimiter o# a Mparameter>pat>subN e"pansion.

eee. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to inappropriatel e"pand command substitutions in words when e"panding director names #or completion.

###. %i"ed a bug that caused the 7#c$ builtin to loo too #ar bac in the histor list under certain circumstances.

ggg. %i"ed a bug that caused a shell running in !osi" mode to search ! #or a #ile speci#ied as an argument to source>. when the #ile was not #ound in !5T'.

hhh. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to modi# the case o# a command word #ound via command completion when the shell was per#orming case- insensitive completion.

iii. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to search !5T' #or an argument to source>. even when it contained a 7>$.

:::. %i"ed a bug that caused brace e"pansion to misorder e"pansions when the locale did not have a collating order lie a5bBcC...JQ.

. %i"ed a bug that did not allow 7set Zo histor$ to have an e##ect when run in a startup #ile or #rom a sourced #ile.



lll. %i"ed a bug with the precedence o# the ;L conditional arithmetic operator.

mmm. %i"ed a bug that caused side e##ects o# temporar variable assignments to persist in the shell environment.

nnn. %i"ed a bug that caused the terminal to be le#t in non-canonical mode when using editing commands that invoe the an editor on the current command line.

ooo. %i"ed a bug that caused globbing characters and characters in 0%( to not be +uoted appropriatel when displaing assignment statements.

ppp. %i"ed a bug that caused the 7-e$ option to be inherited when sourcing a #ile or evaluating a command with 7eval$ even i# the return value o# the command was supposed to be ignored.

+++. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to attempt to created variables with invalid names i# such names appeared in the initial environment.

rrr. %i"ed a bug with +uote removal in strings where the #inal character is a bacslash.

sss. %i"ed a bug that caused the e##ects o# special variables to persist even when the variables were unset as part o# the shell reinitialiJing itsel# to e"ecute a shell script.

ttt. %i"ed a bug that caused the histor to not be saved a#ter 7histor -c$ or 7histor -d$ was e"ecuted until a su##icient number o# commands had been saved to the histor.

uuu. Bash now parses command substitutions according to !osi" rulesL parsing the command contained in / to #ind the closing delimiter.

vvv. %i"ed a bug that caused traps on (0C'& set in a (0C'& handler to

not persist.

www. %i"ed a bug that didn$t allow (0C'& to interrupt the 7wait$ builtin as !osi" speci#ies.

""". 0nvalid numeric arguments to shell builtins no longer cause the shell to short-circuit an e"ecuting compound command.

. %i"ed a bug that caused the e"it status to be lost when 7brea$ was used to short-circuit a loop$s e"ecution.

JJJ. %i"ed a bug that caused stra ; characters to be le#t in e"pansions o# KMarra89NK.

aaaa. Bash now prints better error messages #or here documents terminated b EO% and #or identi#ing the incorrect toen in an invalid arithmetic e"pression.

bbbb. %i"ed a bug in the variable length word e"pansion that caused it to incorrectl calculate the number o# multibte characters.

cccc. %i"ed a race condition that could result in the top-level shell setting the terminal$s process group to an incorrect value i# the process group was changed b a child o# a child o# the shell.

dddd. %i"ed a bug that caused here documents belonging to commands within a

compound command to be displaed in a sntactiall-incorrect #orm, which prevented them #rom being re-read as input.

eeee. The shell displas more warnings about #ailures to set the locale.



####. %i"ed a bug that caused the bod o# a here-document to not be saved to the histor list.

gggg. %i"ed a bug that caused con#igure to incorrectl conclude that %reeB( had >dev>#d available, resulting in problems with process substitution.


a. %i"ed a number o# redispla errors in environments supporting multibtecharacters.

b. %i"ed bugs in vi command mode that caused motion commands to inappropriatel set the mar.

c. hen using the arrow es in vi insertion mode, readline allows movement beond the current end o# the line unlie command mode/.

d. %i"ed bugs that caused readline to loop when the terminal has been taen awa and reads return -1>E0O.

e. %i"ed bugs in redispla occurring when displaing prompts containing invisible characters.

#. %i"ed a bug that caused the completion append character to not be reset to the de#ault a#ter an application-speci#ied completion #unction changed it.

g. %i"ed a problem that caused incorrect positioning o# the cursor while in emacs editing mode when moving #orward at the end o# a line while using a locale supporting multibte characters.

h. %i"ed an o##-b-one error that caused readline to drop ever ^11th character o# bu##ered input.

i. %i"ed a bug that resulted in (0TE6 not being caught or cleaned up.

:. %i"ed redispla bugs caused b multiline prompts with invisible characters or no characters #ollowing the #inal newline.

. %i"ed redispla bug caused b prompts consisting solel o# invisible characters.

l. %i"ed a bug in the code that bu##ers characters received ver +uicl in succession which caused characters to be dropped.

m. %i"ed a bug that caused readline to re#erence uninitialiJed data structures i# it received a (00C' be#ore completing initialJation.

n. %i"ed a bug that caused the vi-mode 7last command$ to be set incorrectl and there#ore unrepeatable.

o. %i"ed a bug that caused readline to disable echoing when it was being used with an output #ile descriptor that was not a terminal.

p. 6eadline now blocs (00T while manipulating internal data structures during redispla.

+. %i"ed a bug in redispla that caused readline to seg#ault when pasting a ver long line over 13G,GGG characters/.

r. %i"ed bugs in redispla when using prompts with no visible printing characters.




a. hen using substring e"pansion on the positional parameters, a starting inde" o# G now causes G to be pre#i"ed to the list.

b. The 7help$ builtin now prints its columns with entries sorted verticall rather than horiJontall.

c. There is a new variable, B5('!0, which alwas returns the process id o# the current shell.

d. There is a new 7autocd$ option that, when enabled, causes bash to attempt to 7cd$ to a director name that is supplied as the #irst word o# a simple command.

e. There is a new 7chec:obs$ option that causes the shell to chec #or and report an running or stopped :obs at e"it.

#. The programmable completion code e"ports a new CO!AT[!E variable, set to a character describing the tpe o# completion being attempted.

g. The programmable completion code e"ports a new CO!A_E[ variable, set to

the character that caused the completion to be invoed e.g., T5B/.

h. 0# creation o# a child process #ails due to insu##icient resources, bash will tr again several times be#ore reporting #ailure.

i. The programmable completion code now uses the same set o# characters as readline when breaing the command line into a list o# words.

:. The bloc multiplier #or the ulimit -c and -# options is now ^12 when in !osi" mode, as !osi" speci#ies.

. Changed the behavior o# the read builtin to save an partial input received in the speci#ied variable when the read builtin times out. This also

results in variables speci#ied as arguments to read to be set to the empt string when there is no input available. hen the read builtin times out, it returns an e"it status greater than 12R.

l. The shell now has the notion o# a 7compatibilit level$, controlled b new variables settable b 7shopt$. (etting this variable currentl restores the bash-3.1 behavior when processing +uoted strings on the rhs o# the 7?@$ operator to the 788$ command.

m. The 7ulimit$ builtin now has new -b socet bu##er siJe/ and -T number o# threads/ options.

n. The -p option to 7declare$ now displas all variable values and attributes

or #unction values and attributes i# used with -#/.

o. There is a new 7compopt$ builtin that allows completion #unctions to modi# completion options #or e"isting completions or the completion currentl being e"ecuted.

p. The 7read$ builtin has a new -i option which inserts te"t into the repl bu##er when using readline.

+. 5 new 7-E$ option to the complete builtin allows control o# the de#ault behavior #or completion on an empt line.

r. There is now limited support #or completing command name words containing

globbing characters.

s. Changed #ormat o# internal help documentation #or all builtins to roughl #ollow man page #ormat.



t. The 7help$ builtin now has a new -d option, to displa a short description, and a -m option, to print help in#ormation in a man page-lie #ormat.

u. There is a new 7map#ile$ builtin to populate an arra with lines #rom a given #ile.

v. 0# a command is not #ound, the shell attempts to e"ecute a shell #unction named 7commandAnotA#oundAhandle$, suppling the command words as the #unction arguments.

w. There is a new shell optionL 7globstar$. hen enabled, the globbing code treats 7$ speciall -- it matches all directories and #iles within them, when appropriate/ recursivel.

". There is a new shell optionL 7dirspell$. hen enabled, the #ilename completion code per#orms spelling correction on director names during completion.

. The 7-t$ option to the 7read$ builtin now supports #ractional timeout values.

J. Brace e"pansion now allows Jero-padding o# e"panded numeric values and will add the proper number o# Jeroes to mae sure all values contain the same number o# digits.

aa. There is a new bash-speci#ic bindable readline #unctionL 7dabbrev-e"pand$. 0t uses menu completion on a set o# words taen #rom the histor list.

bb. The command assigned to a e se+uence with 7bind -"$ now sets two new variables in the environment o# the e"ecuted commandL 6E5&0EA&0EAB=%%E6 and 6E5&0EA!O0T. The command can change the current readline line and cursor position b modi#ing 6E5&0EA&0EAB=%%E6 and 6E5&0EA!O0T, respectivel.

cc. There is a new )FF redirection operator, which appends the standard output and standard error to the named #ile.

dd. The parser now understands 7*)$ as a snonm #or 72F)1 *$, which redirects the standard error #or a command through a pipe.

ee. The new 7X)$ case statement action list terminator causes e"ecution to continue with the action associated with the ne"t pattern in the statement rather than terminating the command.

##. The new 7XX)$ case statement action list terminator causes the shell to test the ne"t set o# patterns a#ter completing e"ecution o# the current

action, rather than terminating the command.

gg. The shell understands a new variableL !6O!TA06T60. hen set to an integer value greater than Jero, prompt e"pansion o# Vw and V will retain onl that number o# trailing pathname components and replace the intervening characters with 7...$.

hh. There are new case-modi#ing word e"pansionsL uppercase 89/ and lowercase ,8,9/. The can wor on either the #irst character or arra element, or globall. The accept an optional shell pattern that determines which characters to modi#. There is an optionall- con#igured #eature to include capitaliJation operators.

ii. The shell provides associative arra variables, with the appropriate support to create, delete, assign values to, and e"pand them.

::. The 7declare$ builtin now has new -l convert value to lowercase upon



assignment/ and -u convert value to uppercase upon assignment/ options. There is an optionall-con#igurable -c option to capitaliJe a value at assignment.

. There is a new 7coproc$ reserved word that speci#ies a coprocessL an asnchronous command run with two pipes connected to the creating shell. Coprocs can be named. The input and output #ile descriptors and the !0 o# the coprocess are available to the calling shell in variables with coproc-speci#ic names.


a. 5 new variable, rlAsortAcompletionAmatchesX allows applications to inhibit match list sorting but bewareL some things don$t wor right i# applications do this/.

b. 5 new variable, rlAcompletionAinvoingAeX allows applications to discover the e that invoed rlAcomplete or rlAmenuAcomplete.

c. The #unctions rlAblocAsigint and rlAreleaseAsigint are now public and available to calling applications who want to protect critical sections

lie redispla/.

d. The #unctions rlAsaveAstate and rlArestoreAstate are now public and available to calling applicationsX documented rest o# readline$s state #lag values.

e. 5 new user-settable variable, 7histor-siJe$, allows setting the ma"imum number o# entries in the histor list.

#. There is a new implementation o# menu completion, with several improvements over the oldX the most notable improvement is a better 7completions browsing$ mode.

g. The menu completion code now uses the rlAmenuAcompletionAentrA#unction variable, allowing applications to provide their own menu completion generators.

h. There is support #or replacing a pre#i" o# a pathname with a 7...$ when displaing possible completions. This is controllable b setting the 7completion-pre#i"-displa-length$ variable. atches with a common pre#i" longer than this value have the common pre#i" replaced with 7...$.

i. There is a new 7revert-all-at-newline$ variable. 0# enabled, readline will undo all outstanding changes to all histor lines when 7accept-line$ is e"ecuted.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-release,and the previous version, bash-3.2-beta.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed a bug that caused the temporar environment passed to a command to a##ect the shell$s environment under certain circumstances.

b. %i"ed a bug in the print# builtin that caused the U+ #ormat speci#ier to ignore empt string arguments.

c. 0mproved multibte character environment detection at con#iguration time.

d. %i"ed a bug in the read builtin that le#t spurious escape characters in the input a#ter processing bacslashes when assigning to an arra variable.




a. %i"ed a redispla bug that occurred in multibte-capable locales when the prompt was one character longer than the screen width.------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-beta,and the previous version, bash-3.2-alpha.

1. Changes to Bash

a. Changed the le"ical analJer to treat locale-speci#ic blan characters as white space.

b. %i"ed a bug in command printing to avoid con#usion between redirections and process substitution.

c. %i"ed problems with cross-compiling originating #rom inherited environment variables.

d. 5dded write error reporting to print# builtin.

e. %i"ed a bug in the variable e"pansion code that could cause a core dump in a multi-bte locale.

#. %i"ed a bug that caused substring e"pansion o# a null string to return incorrect results.

g. B5('ACO5 now retains its previous value while e"ecuting commands as the result o# a trap, as the documentation states.


a. %i"ed a bug with prompt redispla in a multi-bte locale to avoid redrawing the prompt and input line multiple times.

b. %i"ed histor e"pansion to not be con#used b here-string redirection.

c. 6eadline no longer treats read errors b converting them to newlines, as it does with EO%. This caused partial lines to be returned #rom readline/.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-alpha,and the previous version, bash-3.1-release.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed a source bug that caused the minimal con#iguration to not compile.

b. %i"ed memor leas in error handling #or the 7read$ builtin.

c. Changed the 88 and compound commands to set !0!E(T5T=( with their e"it status.

d. %i"ed some parsing problems with compound arra assignments.

e. 5dded additional con#iguration changes #orL etB( incomplete multibte character support/

#. %i"ed two bugs with local arra variable creation when shadowing a variable o# the same name #rom a previous conte"t.

g. %i"ed the 7read$ builtin to restore the correct set o# completion #unctions i# a timeout occurs.



h. 5dded code to de#er the initialiJation o# '0(T(0QE and its sti#ling o# the histor list/ until the histor #ile is loaded, allowing a startup #ile to override the de#ault value.

i. Tightened up the arithmetic e"pression parsing to produce better error messages when presented with invalid operators.

:. %i"ed the cross-compilation support to build the signal list at shell invocation rather than compile time i# cross-compiling.

. %i"ed multibte support #or non-gcc compilers or compilers that do not allow automatic arra variable siJing based on a non-constant value/.

l. (everal #i"es to the code that manages the list o# terminated :obs and their e"it statuses, and the list o# active and recentl-terminated :obs to avoid pid aliasing>wraparound and allocation errors.

m. %i"ed a problem that allowed scripts to die due to (00T while waiting #or children, even when started in the bacground or otherwise ignoring (00T.

n. %i"ed a bug that caused shells invoed as ->bin>bash #rom not being recogniJed as login shells.

o. %i"ed a problem that caused shells in the bacground to give the terminal to a process group other than the #oreground shell process group.

p. %i"ed a problem with e"tracting the 7varname$ in MPvarnameN.

+. %i"ed the code that handles (0<=0T to not e"it immediatel -- thereb calling #unctions that ma not be called in a signal handler conte"t -- but set a #lag and e"it a#terward lie (00T/.

r. Changed the brace e"pansion code to sip over braces that don$t begin a

valid matched brace e"pansion construct.

s. %i"ed 7tpeset$ and 7declare$ to not re+uire that their shell #unction operands to be valid shell identi#iers.

t. Changed 7test$ to use access2/ with a temporar uid>euid swap when testing #ile attributes and running setuid, and access2/ in most other cases.

u. Changed completion code to not attempt command name completion on a line consisting solel o# whitespace when noAemptAcommandAcompletion is set.

v. The 7hash$ builtin now prints nothing in posi" mode when the hash table is empt, and prints a message to that e##ect to stdout instead o# stderr

when not in posi" mode.

w. %i"ed a bug in the e"tended pattern matching code that caused it to #ail to match periods with certain patterns.

". %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when per#orming #ilename generation in directories with thousands o# #iles.

. 6eturned to the original Bourne shell rules #or parsing 77L no recursive parsing o# embedded +uoted strings or M...N constructs.

J. The inheritence o# the EB=, 6ET=6, and E66 traps is now dependent onl on the settings o# the 7#unctrace$ and 7errtrace$ shell options, rather

than whether or not the shell is in debugging mode.

aa. %i"ed a problem with 'OE being converted to @ in the e"pansion o# members o# the 06(T5C_ arra.



bb. %i"ed a problem with +uoted arguments to arithmetic e"pansions in certain constructs.

cc. The command word completion code now no longer returns matching directories while searching !5T'.

dd. %i"ed a bug with Jero-padding and precision handling in snprint#/ replacement.

ee. %i"ed a bug that caused the command substitution code not to tae embedded shell comments into account.

##. %i"ed a bug that caused .../X...// to be misinterpreted as an arithmetic substitution.

gg. %i"ed a bug in the prompt e"pansion code that inappropriatel added a VGG1 be#ore a VGG2 under certain circumstances.

hh. %i"ed a bug that caused 7unset &5$ to not properl reset the locale previous versions would set the locale bac to what it was when bash

was started rather than the sstem$s KnativeK locale/.

ii. %i"ed a bug that could cause #ile descriptors F 1G to not be closed even when closed e"plicitl b a script.

::. %i"ed a bug that caused single +uotes to be stripped #rom 5(0-C +uoting inside double-+uoted command substitutions.

. %i"ed a bug that could cause core dumps when 7return$ was e"ecuted as the last element o# a pipeline inside a shell #unction.

ll. %i"ed a bug that caused EB= trap strings to overwrite commands stored in the :obs list.


a. %i"ed a problem that caused segmentation #aults when using readline in callbac mode and tping consecutive E& characters on an empt line.

b. %i"ed several redispla problems with multibte characters, all having to do with the di##erent code paths and variable meanings between single-bte and multibte character redispla.

c. %i"ed a problem with e se+uence translation when presented with the se+uence V-VC-".

d. %i"ed a problem that prevented the 7a$ command in vi mode #rom being undone and redone properl.

e. %i"ed a problem that prevented empt inserts in vi mode #rom being undone properl.

#. %i"ed a problem that caused readline to initialiJe with an incorrect idea o# whether or not the terminal can autowrap.

g. %i"ed output o# e bindings lie bash 7bind -p$/ to honor the setting o# convert-meta and use Ve where appropriate.

h. Changed the de#ault #ilename completion #unction to call the #ilename

de+uoting #unction i# the director completion hoo isn$t set. This means that an director completion hoos need to de+uote the director name, since application-speci#ic hoos need to now how the word was +uoted, even i# no other changes are made.



i. %i"ed a bug with creating the prompt #or a non-interactive search string when there are non-printing characters in the primar prompt.

:. %i"ed a bug that caused prompts with invisible characters to be redrawn multiple times in a multibte locale.

. %i"ed a bug that could cause the e se+uence scanning code to return the wrong #unction.

l. %i"ed a problem with the callbac inter#ace that caused it to #ail when using multi-character eboard macros.

m. %i"ed a bug that could cause a core dump when an edited histor entr was re-e"ecuted under certain conditions.

n. %i"ed a bug that caused readline to re#erence #reed memor when attmpting to displa a portion o# the prompt.


a. Changed the parameter pattern replacement #unctions to not anchor the pattern at the beginning o# the string i# doing global replacement - that combination doesn$t mae an sense.

b. hen running in 7word e"pansion onl$ mode --worde"p option/, inhibit process substitution.

c. &oadable builtins now wor on acO( D 1G.8349.

d. (hells running in posi" mode no longer set 'OE, as !O(0D re+uires.

e. The code that checs #or binar #iles being e"ecuted as shell scripts now checs onl #or =& rather than an non-printing character.

#. <uoting the string argument to the 88 command$s ?@ operator now #orces string matching, as with the other pattern-matching operators.


a. Calling applications can now set the eboard timeout to G, allowing poll-lie behavior.

b. The value o# ([(A0!=T6C con#igurable at compilation time/ is now used as the de#ault last-ditch startup #ile.

c. The histor #ile reading #unctions now allow windows-lie VrVn line

terminators.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-release,and the previous version, bash-3.1-rc2.


a. (everal changes to the multibte redispla code to #i" problems with prompts containing invisible characters.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-rc2,

and the previous version, bash-3.1-rc1.

1. Changes to Bash



a. %i"ed a bug that caused a EB= trap to overwrite a command string that$s eventuall attached to a bacground :ob.

b. Changed some code so that #ilenames with leading tildes with spaces in the name aren$t tilde-e"panded b the bash completion code.

c. %i"ed a bug that caused the pushd builtin to #ail to change to directories with leading 7-$.

d. %i"ed a small memor lea in the programmable completion code.


a. %i"ed a redispla bug caused b moving the cursor verticall to a line with invisible characters in the prompt in a multibte locale.

b. %i"ed a bug that could cause the terminal special chars to be bound in the wrong emap in vi mode.


a. 0# compiled #or strict !O(0D con#ormance, &0E( and CO&=( ma now override the true terminal siJe.


a. 5 new e"ternal application-controllable variable that allows the &0E( and CO&=( environment variables to set the window siJe regardless o# what the ernel returns.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-rc1,and the previous version, bash-3.1-beta1.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed a bug that could cause core dumps due to accessing the current pipeline while in the middle o# modi#ing it.

b. %i"ed a bug that caused pathnames with bacslashes still +uoting characters to be passed to opendir/.

c. Command word completion now obes the setting o# completion-ignore-case.

d. %i"ed a problem with redirection that caused #ile descriptors greater than 2 to be inappropriatel mared as close-on-e"ec.

e. 0n !osi" mode, a#ter 7wait$ is called to wait #or a particular process e"plicitl, that process is removed #rom the list o# processes nown to the shell, and subse+uent attempts to wait #or it return errors.

#. %i"ed a bug that caused e"tended pattern matching to incorrectl scan bacslash-escaped pattern characters.

g. %i"ed a snchroniJation problem that could cause core dumps when handling a (00C'.

h. %i"ed a bug that caused an unmatched bac+uote to be accepted without an error when processing here documents.

i. %i"ed a small memor lea in the 7cd$ builtin.

:. %i" #or acO( D so it gets the values #or the 'O(TT[!E, 5C'T[!E, and O(T[!E variables at build time, to support universal binaries.



. %i"ed a bug that could cause an e"it trap to return the e"it status o# the trap command rather than the status as it was be#ore the trap was run as the shell$s e"it status.



a. %i"ed a bug that caused reversing the incremental search direction to not wor correctl.

b. %i"ed the vi-mode 7=$ command to onl undo up to the #irst time insert mode was entered, as !osi" speci#ies.

c. %i"ed a bug in the vi-mode 7r$ command that le#t the cursor in the wrong place.


a. ew application-callable au"iliar #unction, rlAvariableAvalue, returns

a string corresponding to a readline variable$s value.

b. hen parsing inputrc #iles and variable binding commands, the parser strips trailing whitespace #rom values assigned to boolean variables be#ore checing them.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-beta1,and the previous version, bash-3.1-alpha1.

1. Changes to Bash

a. 5dded some sstem-speci#ic signal names.

b. %i"ed a tpo in the ulimit builtin to mae 7"$ the right option to maniuplate the limit on #ile locs.

c. %i"ed a problem with using Z? to append to inde" G o# an arra variable when not using subscript snta".

d. 5 #ew changes to con#igure.in to remove calls to obsolete or outdated macros.

e. ae sure changes to variables bash handles speciall e.g., &CA5&&/ are made when the variable is set in the temporar environment to a command.

#. ae sure changes to variables bash handles speciall e.g., &CA5&&/ are made when the variable is modi#ied using 7print# -v$.

g. The e"port environment is now remade on cgwin when 'OE is changed, so &&s bash is lined against pic up the new value. This #i"es problems with tilde e"pansion when lining against and alread-installed readline.

h. (mall #i" to the logic #or per#orming tilde e"pansion in posi" mode, so e"pansion on the right-hand side o# an assignment statement taes place.

i. %i"ed a bug that prevented redirections associated with a shell #unction #rom being e"ecuted when in a subshell.

:. %i"ed 7source$ and 7.$ builtins to not re+uire an e"ecutable #ile when searching !5T' #or a #ile to source.



. %i"ed a bug that caused incorrect word splitting in a #unction when 0%( was declared local, then unset.

l. %i"ed a problem with the 7ill$ builtin that prevented sending signals to a process group under certain circumstances when providing a pid G.

m. hen in !O(0D mode, 7pwd$ now checs that the value it prints is the same director as 7.$, even when displaing !.

n. %i"ed a problem with the 7read$ builtin when reading a script #rom standard input and reading data #rom the same #ile.

o. %i"ed a problem with the 7tpe$ and 7command$ builtins that caused absolute pathnames to be displaed incorrectl.

p. (ome changes to the 7bg$ builtin #or !O(0D con#ormance.

+. The 7#c$ builtin now removes the 7#c$ command that caused it to invoe an editor on speci#ied histor entries #rom the histor entirel, rather than simpl ignoring it.

r. hen in !O(0D mode, the 7v$ command in vi editing mode simpl invoes vi on the current command, rather than checing %CE0T and E0TO6.

s. %i"ed a small memor lea in the pathname canonicaliJation code.

t. %i"ed a bug that caused the e"panded value o# a $...$ string to be incorrectl re-+uoted i# it occurred within a double-+uoted M...N parameter e"pansion.

u. 6estored de#ault emacs-mode e binding o# -T5B to dnamic-complete-histor.

v. %i"ed a bug that caused core dumps when interrupting loops running builtins

on some sstems.

w. ae sure that some o# the #unctions bash provides replacements #or are not cpp de#ines.

". The code that scans embedded commands #or the parser 7...7 and ...// is now more aware o# embedded comments and their e##ect on +uoted strings.

. Changed the 7-n$ option to the 7histor$ builtin to not reset the number o# histor lines read in the current session a#ter reading the new lines #rom the histor #ile i# the histor is being appended when it is written to the #ile, since the appending taes care o# the problem that the ad:ustment was intended to solve.

J. 0mproved the error message displaed when a shell script #ails to e"ecute because the environment and siJe o# command line arguments are too large.

aa. 5 small #i" to mae sure that '0(TC is evaluated whenever the shell is saving commands to the histor list, not :ust when '0(T(0QE is de#ined.


a. The 7change-case$ command now correctl changes the case o# multibte characters.

b. Changes to the shared librar construction scripts to deal with indows

&& naming conventions #or Cgwin.

c. %i"ed the redispla code to avoid core dumps resulting #rom a poorl-timed (00C'.



d. %i"ed the non-incremental search code in vi mode to dispose o# an current undo list when coping a line #rom the histor into the current editing bu##er.

e. The variable assignment code now ignores whitespace at the end o# lines when assigning to boolean variables.

#. The 7C-w$ binding in incremental search now understands multibte characters.


a. 5 new con#iguration option, 7--enable-strict-posi"-de#ault$, which will build bash to be !O(0D con#orming b de#ault.


a. 0# the rlAcompletionA+uerAitems is set to a value G, readline never ass the user whether or not to view the possible completions.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-alpha1,and the previous version, bash-3.G-release.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed a bug that caused bash to crash i# re#erencing an unset local arra.

b. %i"ed a problem that caused tilde e"pansion to not be per#ormed be#ore attempting globbing word completion.

c. %i"ed an incompatibilit so that a #irst argument to trap that$s a valid signal number will be trated as a signal rather than a command to e"ecute.

d. %i"ed MPwordN e"pansion to correctl compute the length o# a string containing multibte characters.

e. %i"ed a bug that caused bash to not pass the correct #lags #or signal disposition to child processes.

#. %i"ed a bug that caused 7#c -l$ to list one too man histor entries.

g. (ome #i"es to 7#c$ #or !O(0D con#ormance.

h. (ome #i"es to :ob status displa #or !O(0D con#ormance.

i. %i"ed a bug that caused 7command -v$ to displa output i# a command was not #ound -- it should be silent.

:. 0n !O(0D mode, 7tpe$ and 7command -8v]9$ do not report non-e"ecutable #iles, even i# the shell will attempt to e"ecute them.

. %i"ed a bug that caused the 7??$ operator to the 88 command to not attempt e"tended pattern matching.

l. %i"ed the brace e"pansion code to handle characters whose value e"ceeds 12R.

m. %i"ed 7print#$ to handle strings with a leading 7VG$ whose length is non-Jero.

n. %i"ed a couple o# problems with brace e"pansion where 7M$ was handled incorrectl.



o. %i"ed o##-b-one error when calculating the upper bound o# 7o##set$ when processing the Marra8I9Lo##setLlengthN e"pansion.

p. (stem-speci#ic con#iguration changes #orL %reeB( ^.", 0nteri", acO( D 1G.4, &inu" 2.4Z ernels, &inu" 3." ernels, ragon#l B(, <D \.", Cgwin

+. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to ignore the status o# the rightmost command in a pipeline when the 7pipe#ail$ option was enabled.

r. %i"ed a completion bug that caused core dumps when e"panding a director name.

s. %i"ed a bug that prevented 7hash -d$ #rom removing commands #rom the hash table.

t. %i"ed word splitting to avoid reall bad +uadratic per#ormance when e"panding long lists.

u. %i"ed a bug that caused negative o##sets in substring e"pansion to use the wrong values.

v. %i"ed a bug in print# that caused it to not return #ailure on write errors.

w. %i"ed a bug that caused commands in subshells to not be properl timed.

". The shell parser no longer attempts to parse a compound assignment speciall unless in a position where an assignment statement is acceptable or parsing arguments to a builtin that accepts assignment statements.

. %i"ed a problem that caused a 7case$ statement to be added to the histor incorrectl as a single command i# the 7case word$ was on one line and the 7in$ on another.

J. %i"ed a problem that caused internal shell +uoting characters to be incorrectl +uoted with bacslashes under some circumstances.

aa. The shell now per#orms correct word splitting when 0%( contains multibte characters.

bb. The mail checing code now resets the cached #ile in#ormation i# the siJe drops to G, even i# the times don$t change.

cc. 5 completed command name that is #ound in !5T' as well as the name o# a director in the current director no longer has a slash appended in certain circumstancesL a single instance #ound in !5T' when 7.$ is not in !5T', and multiple instances #ound in !5T', even when 7.$ is in !5T'.

dd. 0ncorporated tilde e"pansion into the word e"pansion code rather than as a separatel-called #unction, #i"ing some cases where it was per#ormed inappropriatel e.g., a#ter the second 7?$ in an assignment statement or in a double-+uoted parameter e"pansion/.

ee. %i"ed several bugs encountered when parsing compound assignment statements, so that compound assignments appearing as arguments to builtins are no longer double-e"panded.

##. %i"ed a bug in the command e"ecution code that caused asnchronous commands containing command substitutions to not put the terminal in the wrong process group.

gg. Bash now handles the case where the COT0=E #lag causes waitpid/ to return -1>E0]5& at runtime as well as con#iguration time.



hh. %i"ed parser to generate an error when the pipeline 7argument$ to 7Y$ or 7time$ is =&&.

ii. The shell now taes a little more care when manipulating #ile descriptors greater than H with the 7e"ec$ builtin.

::. %i"ed a bug that caused variable assignments preceding the 7command$ builtin preceding a special builtin to be preserved a#ter the command completed in !O(0D mode.

. %i"ed a bug that allowed variables beginning with a digit to be created.

ll. %i"ed a bug that caused a VnewlineF to be removed when parsing a $...$ construct.

mm. 5 shell whose name begins with 7-$ will now be a restricted shell i# the remainder o# the name indicates it should be restricted.

nn. %i"ed a bug that could cause a core dump i# %=C5E were changed or unset during a #unction$s e"ecution.

oo. %i"ed a bug that caused e"ecuting a 7return$ in a #unction to not e"ecute a 6ET=6 trap. The 6ET=6 trap is inherited b shell #unctions onl i# #unction tracing is globall enabled or has been enabled #or that #unction.

pp. %i"ed cases where var8I9 was not handled e"actl lie var, when var is a scalar variable.

++. %i"ed a bug that caused the #irst character a#ter a (00T to be discarded under certain circumstances.

rr. %i"ed e"it status code so that a suspended :ob returns 12RZsignal as its e"it status preventing commands a#ter it in 7))$ lists #rom being e"ecuted/.

ss. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell parser state to be changed b e"ecuting a shell #unction as a result o# word completion.

tt. %i"ed a long-standing bug that caused $V1WW$ characters in variable values to be discarded when e"panded in double-+uoted strings.

uu. %i"ed a bug that caused 65O to be re-seeded multiple times in a subshell environment.

vv. E"tensive changes to the :ob management code to avoid the pid-reuse and pid-aliasing problems caused b retaining the e"it status o# too man :obs, but still retain as man bacground :ob statuses as !O(0D re+uires.

ww. %i"ed a parser bug in processing VnewlineF that caused things lie

echo ^/ V echo \//

to not wor correctl.

"". 7pwd -!$ now sets ! to a director name containing no smbolic lins when in posi" mode, as !O(0D re+uires.

. 0n posi" mode, bash no longer sets ! to a name containing no smbolic lins i# a director is chosen #rom C!5T'.

JJ. The word splitting code now treats an 0%( character that is not space, tab, or newline and an ad:acent 0%( white space as a single delimiter, as (=(v3>D!\ re+uire.



aaa. The 7read$ builtin now checs whether or not the number o# #ields read is e"actl the same as the number o# variables instead o# :ust assigning the rest o# the line minus an trailing 0%( white space/ to the last variable. This is what !O(0D>(=(>D! all re+uire.

bbb. %i"ed a bug that caused 7read$ to alwas chec whether or not #d G was a pipe, even when reading #rom another #ile descriptor.

ccc. %i"ed a bug that caused short-circuiting o# e"ecution even i# the return value was being inverted.

ddd. %i"ed a bug that caused a core dump while decoding V escapes in !(1 i# ! was unset.

eee. %i"ed a bug in 7read$ that counted internal +uoting characters #or the purposes o# 7read -n$.

###. %i"ed a bug so that a #unction de#inition in a pipeline causes a child process to be #ored at the right time.

ggg. Bash will not attempt to lin against a readline librar that doesn$t have rlAgnuAreadlineAp ?? 1.

hhh. %i"ed a bug that caused 7read$ to consume one too man characters when reading a #i"ed number o# characters and the th character is a bacslash.

iii. %i"ed a bug that caused 7unset$ on variables in the temporar environment to leave them set when 7unset$ completed.

:::. %i"ed a bug that caused bash to close #d 2 i# an 7e"ec$ #ailed and the shell didn$t e"it.

. The completion code is more care#ul to not turn 7>$ or 7>>>$ into 7>>$,

#or those sstems on which 7>>$ has special meaning.

lll. %i"ed a bug that caused command substitution in asnchronous commands to close the wrong #ile descriptors.

mmm. The shell no longer prints status messages about terminated bacground processes unless :ob control is active.

nnn. %i"ed a bug that prevented multiple consecutive invocations o# 7histor -s$ #rom adding all the commands to the histor list.

ooo. 5dded a couple o# changes to mae arithmetic e"pansion more consistent in all its conte"ts still not per#ect/.

ppp. %i"ed a bug that caused the parser to occasionall not #ind the right terminating K7K in an old-stle command substitution.

+++. %i"ed a bug that caused core dumps when the shell was reading its non- interactive input #rom #d G and #d G was duplicated and restored using a combination o# 7e"ec$ to save/ and redirection to restore/.

rrr. %i"ed a problem that caused loops in sourced scripts to not be cleaned up properl when a 7return$ is e"ecuted.

sss. Change internal command substitution completion #unction to append a slash to director names in the command.


a. %i"ed a bug that caused multiliine prompts to be wrapped and displaed



incorrectl.

b. %i"ed a bug that caused !> in emacs mode to #ail to displa the current line correctl.

c. %i"ed a problem in computing the number o# invisible characters on the #irst line o# a prompt whose length e"ceeds the screen width.

d. %i"ed vi-mode searching so that #ailure preserves the current line rather than the last line in the histor list.

e. %i"ed the vi-mode 7@$ command change-case/ to have the correct behavior at end-o#-line when manipulating multibte characters.

#. %i"ed the vi-mode 7r$ command change-char/ to have the correct behavior at end-o#-line when manipulating multibte characters.

g. %i"ed multiple bugs in the redispla o# multibte charactersL displaing prompts longer than the screen width containing multibte characters,

h. %i" the calculation o# the number o# phsical characters in the prompt

string when it contains multibte characters.

i. 5 non-Jero value #or the 7rlAcompleteAsuppressAappend$ variable now causes no 7>$ to be appended to a director name.

:. %i"ed #orward-word and bacward-word to wor when words contained multibte characters.

. %i"ed a bug in #inding the delimiter o# a 7;$ substring when per#orming histor e"pansion in a locale that supports multibte characters.

l. %i"ed a memor lea caused b not #reeing the timestamp in a histor entr.

m. %i"ed a bug that caused KV-"K stle e bindings to not obe the setting o# the 7convert-meta$ variable.

n. %i"ed saving and restoring primar prompt when prompting #or incremental and non-incremental searchesX search prompts now displa multibte characters correctl.

o. %i"ed a bug that caused es originall bound to sel#-insert but shadowed b a multi-character e se+uence to not be inserted.

p. %i"ed code so rlAprepAtermA#unction and rlAdeprepAtermA#unction aren$t dere#erenced i# =&& matching the documentation/.

+. E"tensive changes to readline to add enough state so that commands re+uiring additional characters searches, multi-e se+uences, numeric arguments, commands re+uiring an additional speci#ier character lie vi-mode change-char, etc./ wor without snchronousl waiting #or additional input.

r. &ots o# changes so readline builds and runs on in.

s. 6eadline no longer tries to modi# the terminal settings when running in callbac mode.

t. The 6eadline displa code no longer sets the location o# the last invisible character in the prompt i# the V8V9 se+uence is empt.


a. Bash now understands &CAT0E as a special variable so that time displa



tracs the current locale.

b. B5('A56C, B5('A56], B5('A(O=6CE, and B5('A&0EO are no longer created as 7invisible$ variables and ma not be unset.

c. 0n !O(0D mode, i# 7"pgAecho$ option is enabled, the 7echo$ builtin doesn$t tr to interpret an options at all, as !O(0D re+uires.

d. The 7bg$ builtin now accepts multiple arguments, as !O(0D seems to speci#.

e. %i"ed vi-mode word completion and glob e"pansion to per#orm tilde e"pansion.

#. The 7$ mathematic e"ponentiation operator is now right-associative.

g. The 7ulimit$ builtin has new optionsL -i ma" number o# pending signals/, -+ ma" siJe o# !O(0D message +ueues/, and -" ma" number o# #ile locs/.

h. 5 bare 7U$ once again e"pands to the current :ob when used as a :ob speci#ier.

i. The 7Z?$ assignment operator append to the value o# a string or arra/ is now supported #or assignment statements and arguments to builtin commands that accept assignment statements.

:. B5('ACO5 now preserves its value when a EB= trap is e"ecuted.

. The 7gnuAerr#mt$ option is enabled automaticall i# the shell is running in an emacs terminal window.

l. ew con#iguration optionL --single-help-strings. Causes long help te"t to be written as a single stringX intended to ease translation.

m. The CO!AO6B6E5_( variable now causes the list o# word brea characters

to be emptied when the variable is unset.

n. 5n un+uoted e"pansion o# when 0%( is empt now causes the positional parameters to be concatenated i# the e"pansion doesn$t undergo word splitting.

o. Bash now inherits A #rom the environment i# it appears there at startup.

p. ew shell optionL nocasematch. 0# non-Jero, shell pattern matching ignores case when used b 7case$ and 788$ commands.

+. The 7print#$ builtin taes a new optionL -v var. That causes the output to be placed into var instead o# on stdout.

r. B de#ault, the shell no longer reports processes ding #rom (0!0!E.

s. Bash now sets the e"tern variable 7environ$ to the e"port environment it creates, so C librar #unctions that call getenv/ and can$t use the shell-provided replacement/ get current values o# environment variables.


a. The e se+uence sent b the epad 7delete$ e is now automaticall bound to delete-char.

b. 5 negative argument to menu-complete now ccles bacward through the

completion list.

c. 5 new bindable readline variableL bind-tt-special-chars. 0# non-Jero, readline will bind the terminal special characters to their readline



e+uivalents when it$s called on b de#ault/.

d. ew bindable commandL vi-rubout. (aves deleted te"t #or possible reinsertion, as with an vi-mode 7te"t modi#ication$ commandX 7D$ is bound to this in vi command mode.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.G-release,and the previous version, bash-3.G-rc1.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed a boundar overrun that could cause segmentation #aults when the completion code hands an incomplete construct to the word e"pansion #unctions.

b. Changed posi" mode behavior so that an error in a variable assignment preceding a special builtin causes a non-interactive shell to e"it.

c. Change the director e"pansion portion o# the completion code to not e"pand embedded command substitutions i# the director name appears in

the #ile sstem.

d. %i"ed a problem that caused 7bash -r$ to turn on restrictions be#ore reading the startup #iles.

e. %i"ed a problem with the de#ault operation o# the 7umas$ builtin.


a. %i"ed a problem with readline saving the contents o# the current line be#ore beginning a non-interactive search.

b. %i"ed a problem with EO% detection when using rlAeventAhoo.

c. %i"ed a problem with the vi mode 7p$ and 7!$ commands ignoring numeric arguments.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.G-rc1,and the previous version, bash-3.G-beta1.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed a bug that caused incorrect behavior when re#erecing element G o# an arra using arra, element G was unset, and 7set -u$ was enabled.

b. (stem-speci#ic changes #orL (CO =ni" 3.2, Tandem.

c. %i"ed a bug that caused inappropriate word splitting when a variable was e"panded within a double-+uoted string that also included I.

d. %i"ed a bug that caused 7pwd$ to not displa anthing in phsical mode when the #ile sstem had changed underneath the shell.

e. %i"ed a bug in the pre- and post- increment and decrement parsing in the e"pression evaluator that caused errors when the operands and corresponding operators were separated b whitespace.

#. %i"ed a bug that caused 7histor -p$ to add an entr to the histor list,

counter to the documentation. _eeps the histor e"pansions invoed b emacs-mode command line editing #rom doing that as well./

g. %i"ed a bug that could cause a core dump i# 7cd$ is ased to print out a



pathname longer than !5T'A5D characters.

h. %i"ed a bug that caused :obs to be put into the wrong process group under some circumstances a#ter enabling :ob control with 7set -m$.

i. 7unalias$ now returns #ailure i# no alias name arguments are supplied.

:. ocumented the characters not allowed to appear in an alias name.

. is no longer e"panded as i# in double +uotes when it appears in the bod o# a here document, as the (=( seems to re+uire.

l. The 7bashbug$ script now uses a director in T!06 #or e"clusive access rather than tring to guess how the underling O( provides #or secure temporar #ile creation.

m. %i"ed a #ew problems with 7cd$ and 7pwd$ when ased to operate on pathnames longer than !5T'A5D characters.

n. %i"ed a memor lea caused when creating multiple local arra variables with identical names.

o. %i"ed a problem with calls to getcwd/ so that bash now operates better when the #ull pathname to the current director is longer than !5T'A5D btes.

p. The 7trap$ builtin now reports an error i# a single non-signal argument is speci#ied.

+. %i"ed a bug that caused 7umas$ to not wor correctl when presented with a mas o# all Gs.

r. hen 7getopts$ reaches the end o# options, O!T56 is unset, as !O(0D appears to speci#.

s. 0nteractive mode now depends on whether or not stdin and stderr are connected to a ttX #ormerl it was stdin and stdout. !O(0D re+uires this.

t. %i"ed vi-mode completion to wor more as !O(0D speci#ies e.g., doing the right ind o# #ilename generation/.


a. %i"ed a problem that could cause readline to re#er to #reed memor when moving between histor lines while doing searches.

b. 0mprovements to the code that e"pands and displas prompt strings containing multibte characters.

c. %i"ed a problem with vi-mode not correctl remembering the numeric argument to the last 7c$hange command #or later use with 7.$.

d. %i"ed a bug in vi-mode that caused multi-digit count arguments to wor incorrectl.

e. %i"ed a problem in vi-mode that caused the last te"t modi#ication command to not be remembered across di##erent command lines.

#. %i"ed problems with changing characters and changing case at the end o#

the line.




a. The 7:obs$, 7ill$, and 7wait$ builtins now accept :ob control notation even i# :ob control is not enabled.

b. The historical behavior o# 7trap$ that allows a missing 7action$ argument to cause each speci#ied signal$s handling to be reset to its de#ault is now onl supported when 7trap$ is given a single non-option argument.


a. hen listing completions, directories have a 7>$ appended i# the 7mar-directories$ option has been enabled.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.G-beta1,and the previous version, bash-3.G-alpha.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"es to build correctl when arras are not compiled into the shell.

b. %i"ed command substitution to run an e"it trap de#ined in the command

substitution be#ore returningX the e"it trap is not inherited #rom the calling shell.

c. %i"es to process group snchroniJation code so that ever child process attempts to set the terminal$s process groupX #i"es some snchroniJation problems on &inu" ernels that schedule the child to alwas run be#ore the parent.

d. %i"ed processing o# octal and he" constants in print# builtin #or !O(0D.2 compliance.

e. %i"ed a couple o# core dumps in the pattern removal code.

#. %i"es to the arra subrange e"traction code to deal better with sparse arras.

g. !arser errors and other errors that result in the shell e"iting now cause the e"it trap to be run.

h. Change the command substitution completion #unctions to not append an closing +uote, because it would be inserted a closing K7K or K/K.

i. %i" histor initialiJation so assignments to histchars made in startup #iles are honored.

:. 0# an e"it trap does not contain a call to 7e"it$, the shell now uses

the e"it status o# the last command e"ecuted be#ore the trap as the e"it status o# the shell.

. The parser now prompts with !(2 i# it reads a newline while parsing a compound arra assignment statement.

l. hen per#orming a compound arra assignment, the parser doesn$t treat words o# the #orm 8inde"9?value as assignments i# the$re the result o# e"pansions.

m. %i"ed a bug that caused 7return$ e"ecuted in a trap command to mae the shell thin it was still running the trap.

n. %i"ed the value o# errno set b the pathname canonicaliJation #unctions.

o. Changed the grammar so that 7time$ alone on a line times a null command rather than being a snta" error.



p. The pattern substitution code no longer per#orms +uote removal on the pattern be#ore tring to match it, as the pattern removal #unctions do.

+. %i"ed a bug that could cause core dumps when checing whether a +uoted command name was being completed.

r. %i"es to the pattern removal and pattern replacement e"pansions to deal with multibte characters better and #aster/.

s. %i" to the substring e"pansion MparamLo##8Llen9N/ to deal with possibl multibte/ characters instead o# raw btes.

t. %i"ed a bug that caused some e bindings set in an inputrc to be ignored at shell startup.

u. %i"ed a bug that caused unsetting a local variable within a #unction to not wor correctl.

v. %i"ed a bug that caused invalid variables to be created when using 7read -a$.

w. %i"ed a bug that caused KIK to e"pand incorrectl when used as the right hand side o# a parameter e"pansion such as MwordL?KIKN i# the #irst character o# 0%( was not a space.

". %i"ed a slight cosmetic problem when printing commands containing a 7F)word$ redirection.

. %i"ed a problem that could cause here documents to not be created correctl i# the sstem temporar director did not allow writing.


a. Change to histor e"pansion #unctions to treat 7$ as e+uivalent to word one, as the documention states.

b. (ome changes to the displa code to improve displa and redispla o# multibte characters.

c. Changes to speed up the multibte character redispla code.

d. %i"ed a bug in the vi-mode 7E$ command that caused it to sip over the last character o# a word i# invoed while point was on the word$s ne"t-to-last character.

e. %i"ed a bug that could cause incorrect #ilename +uoting when

case-insensitive completion was enabled and the word being completed contained bacslashes +uoting word brea characters.

#. %i"ed a bug in redispla triggered when the prompt string contains invisible characters.

g. %i"ed some displa and other/ bugs encountered in multibte locales when a non-ascii character was the last character on a line.

h. %i"ed some displa bugs caused b multibte characters in prompt strings.

i. %i"ed a problem with histor e"pansion caused b non-whitespace characters used as histor word delimiters.


a. print# builtin understands two new escape se+uencesL VK and V;.



b. 7echo -e$ understands two new escape se+uencesL VK and V;.

c. The = 7gette"t$ pacage and libintl have been integratedX the shell$s messages can be translated into di##erent languages.

d. The 7V$ prompt e"pansion now abbreviates 'OE as 7@$, lie 7Vw$.

e. The error message printed when bash cannot open a shell script supplied as argument 1 now includes the name o# the shell, to better identi# the error as coming #rom bash.


a. ew application variable, rlAcompletionA+uoteAcharacter, set to an +uote character readline #inds be#ore it calls the application completion #unction.

b. ew application variable, rlAcompletionAsuppressA+uote, settable b an application completion #unction. 0# set to non-Jero, readline does not attempt to append a closing +uote to a completed word.

c. ew application variable, rlAcompletionA#oundA+uote, set to a non-Jero value i# readline determines that the word to be completed is +uoted. (et be#ore readline calls an application completion #unction.

d. ew #unction hoo, rlAcompletionAwordAbreaAhoo, called when readline needs to brea a line into words when completion is attempted. 5llows the word brea characters to var based on position in the line.

e. ew bindable commandL uni"-#ilename-rubout. oes the same thing as uni"-word-rubout, but adds 7>$ to the set o# word delimiters.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.G-alpha,and the previous version, bash-2.G^b-release.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"es so that the shell will compile without some o# the de#ault options de#ined.

b. %i"ed an error message that did not pass enough arguments to print#.

c. %i"ed a bug that caused input redirection to a builtin inside a script being read #rom standard input to result in the rest o# the alread- read and bu##ered script to be discarded.

d. %i"ed a bug that caused subshell initialiJation to close the #ile descriptor #rom which the shell was reading a script under certain circumstances.

e. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to not advance a string pointer over a null wide character when doing string operations.

#. %i"ed the internal logout code so that shells that time out waiting #or input using TO=T/ run @>.bashAlogout.

g. !ortabilit and con#iguration changes #orL cgwin, '!>=D, =>%reeB(.

h. The parser no longer adds implicit double +uotes to ...// arithmetic commands.

i. The ...// arithmetic command evaluation code was #i"ed to not dump core



when the e"panded string is null.

:. The ...// arithmetic command evaluation code was #i"ed to not per#orm variable assignments while e"panding the e"pression.

. %i"ed a bug that caused word splitting to be per#ormed incorrectl when 0%( is set, but null.

l. %i"ed a bug in brace e"pansion that caused a +uoted 7$ preceding an open brace to inhibit brace e"pansion.

m. %i"ed a bug that caused a leading 7-$ in the shell$s name to cause it to not be recogniJed as a restricted shell.

n. %i"ed a bug in the arithmetic evaluation code that could cause long:mps to an invalid location and result in a core dump.

o. %i"ed a bug in the calculation o# how man histor lines are new in a single shell session when reading new histor lines #rom a #ile with 7histor -n$.

p. %i"ed a bug in pathname canonicaliJation that caused the shell to dump core when presented with a pathname longer than !5T'A5D.

+. %i"ed the parser so that it doesn$t tr to compare a char variable to EO%, which #ails when chars are unsigned.

r. %i"ed a bug in the simple command e"ecution code that caused occasional core dumps.

s. The shell does a better :ob o# saving an partial parsing state during operations which cause a command to be e"ecuted while a line is being entered and parsed.

t. The completion code now splits words more lie the e"pansion code when 0%( is used to split.

u. The locale code does a better :ob o# recomputing the various locale variable values when &CA5&& is unset.

v. The programmable completion code does a better :ob o# de+uoting e"panded word lists be#ore comparing them against the word to be matched.

w. The shell no longer seg #aults i# the e"panded value o# !(4 is null and 7set -"$ is enabled.

". %i"ed a bug that caused core dumps when a here string e"panded to =&&.

. The mail checing code now maes sure the mailbo" is bigger be#ore reporting the e"istence o# new mail.

J. The parser does not tr to e"pand $...$ and K...K when the appear within double +uotes unless the 7e"t+uote$ option has been enabled with 7shopt$. %or bacwards compatibilit, it is enabled b de#ault.

aa. %i"ed a bug that caused 7#or "X do ...$ and 7select "X do ... to use I instead o# KIK #or the implicit list o# arguments.

bb. %i"ed a bug that caused a subshell o# a restricted shell e.g., one spawned to e"ecute a pipeline/ to not e"it immediatel i# attempting

to use a command containing a slash.

cc. %i"ed a problem with empt replacements #or a pattern that doesn$t match when per#orming Mparam>word>N e"pansion.



dd. ord e"pansions per#ormed while e"panding redirections no longer search a command$s temporar environment to e"pand variable values.

ee. 0mprovements to the alias e"pansion code when e"panding subse+uent words because an aliase$s value ends with a space.

##. 7cd -$ now prints the current woring director a#ter a success#ul chdir even when the shell is not interactive, as the standard re+uires.

gg. The shell does a better :ob o# ensuring a child process dies o# (00T be#ore resending (00T to itsel#.

hh. The arithmetic e"pansion variable assignment code now does the right thing when assigning to 7special$ variables lie O!T0.

ii. hen histor e"pansion veri#ication is enabled, the bash readline helper #unctions that do histor e"pansion on the current line don$t print the results.

::. %i"ed bugs with multiple consecutive alias e"pansion when one o# the

e"pansions ends with a space.

. %i"ed a problem in the programmable completion code that could cause core dumps when tring to initialiJe a set o# possible completions #rom a list o# variables.

ll. The V8 and V9 escape characters are now ignored when decoding the prompt string i# the shell is started with editing disabled.

mm. %i"ed a bug that could leave e"tra characters in a string when doing +uoted null character removal.

nn. Command substitution and other subshell operations no longer reset the

line number aids the bash debugger/.

oo. Better line number management when e"ecuting simple commands, conditional commands, #or commands, and select commands.

pp. The globbing code now uses malloc, with its better #ailure properties, rather than alloca/.

++. %i"ed a bug that caused e"pansions lie PMa829L?valueN to create the appropriate arra element instead o# a variable named 7a829$.

rr. %i"ed a bug in the handling o# a 7;.../$ pattern immediatel #ollowing a 7$ when e"tglob is enabled.

ss. %i"ed a bug that caused a 7return$ invoed in an e"it trap when e"it is invoed in a #unction to misbehave.

tt. %i"ed a bug that caused CT&E(C and CT&=& characters to not be escaped b the internal shell string +uoting #unctions.

uu. %i"ed a bug that caused +uoted null characters in an e"panded word list to be inappropriatel assigned to an arra variable when using 7read -a$.

vv. %i"ed a bug that caused redirections accompaning a null command to persist in the current shell.

ww. %i"ed a bug that caused the prompt to be printed when the shell was e"panding a multiline alias.

"". %i"ed a bug that resulted in core dumps when the completion #or a command



changed the compspec.

. %i"ed a bug that caused evaluation o# programmable completions to print noti#ications o# completed :obs.

JJ. Bash now disables line editing when E5C( ?? 7t$ and TE6 ?? 7dumb$ which is what emacs shell windows do/.

aaa. 0n posi" mode, 7ill -l$ causes signal names to be displaed without a leading 7(0$.

bbb. Clear error #lag on standard output so it doesn$t persist across multiple builtin commands.

ccc. 0n posi" mode, 7alias$ displas alias values without the leading 7alias$, so the output cannot be used as subse+uent input.

ddd. 0n posi" mode, the 7trap$ builtin doesn$t chec whether or not its #irst argument is a signal speci#ication and revert the signal handling to its original disposition i# it is.

eee. %i"ed several bugs in the handling o# KK and KMarra89NK b the pattern substitution and removal e"pansions.

###. %i"ed several problems with the handling o# Marra8I9N, Marra89N, I, and b the indirect variable e"pansion code.

ggg. %i"ed a bug that did not allow 7time$ to be aliased.

hhh. 0mproved the mail checing code so it won$t chec and possibl cause an %( #ile sstem mount/ until 50&!5T' or 50& is given a value -- there is no de#ault i# E%5=&TA50&A06ECTO6[ is not de#ined at compile time. 0t is computed b con#igure, but can be Punde#$d in con#ig-bot.h./

iii. 0# the 7chwinsiJe$ option is enabled, the shell checs #or window siJe changes i# a child process e"its due to a signal.

:::. 6emoved the attempts to avoid adding a slash at the end o# a completed e"ecutable name i# there was a director with the same name in the current director.

. %i"ed !5T' looup code so it treats the permission bits separatel #or owner, group, and other, rather than checing them all.

lll. %i"ed the locale code to reset the parser$s idea o# the character class blanF, which controls how it splits toens, when the locale changes.

mmm. The shell now binds its special readline #unctions and e bindings onl i# the user$s inputrc #ile has not alread bound them.

nnn. The shell now reports on processes that dump core due to signals when invoed as 7-c command$.


a. %i"es to avoid core dumps because o# null pointer re#erences in the multibte character code.

b. %i" to avoid in#inite recursion caused b certain e combinations.

c. %i"ed a bug that caused the vi-mode 7last command$ to be set incorrectl.

d. 6eadline no longer tries to read ahead more than one line o# input, even when more is available.



e. %i"ed the code that ad:usts the point to not mishandle null wide characters.

#. %i"ed a bug in the histor e"pansion 7g$ modi#ier that caused it to sip ever other match.

g. %i"ed a bug that caused the prompt to overwrite previous output when the output doesn$t contain a newline and the locale supports multibte characters. This same change #i"es the problem o# readline redispla slowing down dramaticall as the line gets longer in multibte locales.

h. 'istor traversal with arrow es in vi insertion mode causes the cursor to be placed at the end o# the new line, lie in emacs mode.

i. The locale initialiJation code does a better :ob o# using the right precedence and de#aulting when checing the appropriate environment variables.

:. %i"ed the histor word toeniJer to handle and F better when used as part o# bash.

. The overwrite mode code received several bug #i"es to improve undo.

l. an speedups to the multibte character redispla code.

m. The callbac character reading inter#ace should not hang waiting to read eboard input.

n. %i"ed a bug with redoing vi-mode 7s$ command.

o. The code that initialiJes the terminal tracs changes made to the terminal special characters with stt1/ or e+uivalent/, so that these changes are re#lected in the readline bindings. ew application-callable #unction

to mae it worL rlAttAunsetAde#aultAbindings/.

p. %i"ed a bug that could cause garbage to be inserted in the bu##er when changing character case in vi mode when using a multibte locale.

+. %i"ed a bug in the redispla code that caused problems on sstems supporting multibte characters when moving between histor lines when the new line has more glphs but #ewer btes.

r. =ndo and redo now wor better a#ter e"iting vi insertion mode.

s. ae sure sstem calls are restarted a#ter a (00C' is received using (5A6E(T56T.

t. 0mprovements to the code that displas possible completions when using multibte characters.

u. %i"ed a problem when parsing nested i# statements in inputrc #iles.

v. The completer now taes multibte characters into account when looing #or +uoted substrings on which to per#orm completion.

w. The histor search #unctions now per#orm better bounds checing on the histor list.


a. 5(0 string e"pansion now implements the V"Mhe"digitsN escape.

b. There is a new loadable 7str#time$ builtin.



c. ew variable, CO!AO6B6E5_(, which controls the readline completer$s idea o# word brea characters.

d. The 7tpe$ builtin no longer reports on aliases unless alias e"pansion will actuall be per#ormed.

e. '0(TCOT6O& is now a colon-separated list o# values, which permits more e"tensibilit and bacwards compatibilit.

#. '0(TCOT6O& ma now include the 7erasedups$ option, which causes all lines matching a line being added to be removed #rom the histor list.

g. 7con#igure$ has a new 7--enable-multibte$ argument that permits multibte character support to be disabled even on sstems that support it.

h. ew variables to support the bash debuggerL B5('A56C, B5('A56], B5('A(O=6CE, B5('A&0EO, B5('A(=B('E&&, B5('AEDEC=T0OA(T60, B5('ACO5

i. %=C5E has been changed to support the debuggerL it$s now an arra

variable.

:. #or, case, select, arithmetic commands now eep line number in#ormation #or the debugger.

. There is a new 76ET=6$ trap e"ecuted when a #unction or sourced script returns not inherited child processesX inherited b command substitution i# #unction tracing is enabled and the debugger is active/.

l. ew invocation optionL --debugger. Enables debugging and turns on new 7e"tdebug$ shell option.

m. ew 7#unctrace$ and 7errtrace$ options to 7set -o$ cause EB= and E66

traps, respectivel, to be inherited b shell #unctions. E+uivalent to 7set -T$ and 7set -E$ respectivel. The 7#unctrace$ option also controls whether or not the EB= trap is inherited b sourced scripts.

n. The EB= trap is run be#ore binding the variable and running the action list in a 7#or$ command, binding the selection variable and running the +uer in a 7select$ command, and be#ore attempting a match in a 7case$ command.

o. ew 7--enable-debugger$ option to 7con#igure$ to compile in the debugger support code.

p. 7declare -%$ now prints out e"tra line number and source #ile in#ormation

i# the 7e"tdebug$ option is set.

+. 0# 7e"tdebug$ is enabled, a non-Jero return value #rom a EB= trap causes the ne"t command to be sipped, and a return value o# 2 while in a #unction or sourced script #orces a 7return$.

r. ew 7caller$ builtin to provide a call stac #or the bash debugger.

s. The EB= trap is run :ust be#ore the #irst command in a #unction bod is e"ecuted, #or the debugger.

t. 7#or$, 7select$, and 7case$ command heads are printed when 7set -"$ is enabled.

u. There is a new M"..N brace e"pansion, which is shorthand #or M"."Z1, "Z2,...,N. " and can be integers or single charactersX the se+uence ma ascend or descendX the increment is alwas 1.



v. ew shH3-lie MYarra8I9N e"pansion, e"pands to all the es indices/ o# arra.

w. ew 7#orceA#ignore$ shopt optionX i# enabled, su##i"es speci#ied b %0O6E cause words to be ignored when per#orming word completion even i# the$re the onl possibilities.

". ew 7gnuAerr#mt$ shopt optionX i# enabled, error messages #ollow the 7gnu stle$ #ilenameLlinenoLmessage/ #ormat.

. ew 7-o bashde#ault$ option to complete and compgenX i# set, causes the whole set o# bash completions to be per#ormed i# the compspec doesn$t result in a match.

J. ew 7-o plusdirs$ option to complete and compgenX i# set, causes director name completion to be per#ormed and the results added to the rest o# the possible completions.

aa. 7ill$ is available as a builtin even when the shell is built without :ob control.

bb. ew '0(TT0E%O65T variableX value is a #ormat string to pass to str#time3/. 0# set and not null, the 7histor$ builtin prints out timestamp in#ormation according to the speci#ied #ormat when displaing histor entries. 0# set, bash tells the histor librar to write out timestamp in#ormation when the histor #ile is written.

cc. The 88 ... 99 command has a new binar 7?@$ operator that per#orms e"tended regular e"pression egrep-lie/ matching.

dd. 7con#igure$ has a new 7--enable-cond-rege"p$ option enabled b de#ault/ to enable the ?@ operator and rege"p matching in 88 ... 99.

ee. (ube"pressions matched b the ?@ operator are placed in the new B5('A6E5TC' arra variable.

##. ew 7#ailglob$ option that causes an e"pansion error when pathname e"pansion #ails to produce a match.

gg. ew 7set -o pipe#ail$ option that causes a pipeline to return a #ailure status i# an o# the processes in the pipeline #ail, not :ust the last one.


a. 'istor e"pansion has a new 7a$ modi#ier e+uivalent to the 7g$ modi#ier

#or compatibilit with the B( csh.

b. 'istor e"pansion has a new 7$ modi#ier e+uivalent to the B( csh 7g$ modi#ier, which per#orms a substitution once per word.

c. 5ll non-incremental search operations ma now undo the operation o# replacing the current line with the histor line.

d. The te"t inserted b an 7a$ command in vi mode can be reinserted with 7.$.

e. ew bindable variable, 7show-all-i#-unmodi#ied$. 0# set, the readline completer will list possible completions immediatel i# there is more

than one completion and partial completion cannot be per#ormed.

#. There is a new application-callable 7#reeAhistorAentr/$ #unction.



g. 'istor list entries now contain timestamp in#ormationX the histor #ile #unctions now how to read and write timestamp in#ormation associated with each entr.

h. %our new e binding #unctions have been addedL

rlAbindAeAi#Aunbound/rlAbindAeAi#AunboundAinAmap/rlAbindAese+Ai#Aunbound/rlAbindAese+Ai#AunboundAinAmap/

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.G^b-release,and the previous version, bash-2.G^b-beta2.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed an o##-b-one error in the #unction that translates :ob speci#ications.

b. ote that we$re running under Emacs and disable line editing i#

E5C( ?? 7t$.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.G^b-beta2,and the previous version, bash-2.G^b-beta1.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed the >? and U? arithmetic operators to catch division b Jero.

b. 5dded putenv, setenv, unsetenv to getenv replacement #or completeness.

c. %i"ed a bug that could cause the -O e"pandAaliases invocation option

to not tae e##ect.

d. %i"ed a problem with process substitution that resulted in incorrect behavior when the number o# process substitutions in an individual command approached \4.


a. %i"ed a problem with bacward-char-search when on a sstem with support #or multibte characters when running in a locale without an multibte characters.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.G^b-beta1,and the previous version, bash-2.G^b-alpha1.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed a problem when parsing a !O(0D.2 character class name while evaluating a bracet e"pression containing multibte characters.

b. Changed the help te"t #or 7bind$ to mae it clear that an command that ma be placed in @>.inputrc is a valid argument to 7bind$.

c. 5dded 7help$ builtin entries #or 7$, 788$, and arithmetic #or.

d. malloc updated againLo slightl better over#low and under#low detection b putting the chun siJe at the beginning and end o# the chun and maing sure the match in #ree>realloc



o partial page allocated to mae things page-aligned no longer completel wastedo bloc coalescing now enabled b de#aulto splitting and coalescing enabled #or 32-bte chuns, the most common siJe re+uestedo #i"ed a problem that resulted in spurious under#low messages and abortso bin siJes are precomputed and stored in an arra rather than being computed at run timeo malloc will return memor blocs bac to the sstem i# the bloc being #reed is at the top o# the heap and o# su##icient siJe to mae it worthwhileo malloc>#ree>realloc now inline memset instead o# calling the libc #unctionX uses u##$s device #or good per#ormance

e. Chec #or getservent/X mae the service name completion code dependent on its presence.

#. Changed the readline callbac that e"ecutes a command bound to a e se+uence to not save the e"ecuted command on the histor list and to save and restore the parsing state.

g. Changes to lib>sh>snprint#.cL #i"ed some bugs in the 7g$ and 7$ #loating point #ormat displaX implemented the K$K #lag character that turns on thousands$ groupingX #i"ed behavior on sstems where BAC=6A5D does not evaluate to a constant.

h. The 7unset$ builtin no longer returns a #ailure status when ased to unset a previousl-unset variable or #unction.

i. Changes to the build sstem to mae it easier to cross-compile bash #or di##erent sstems.

:. 5dded 7,$ to the characters that are bacslash-escaped during #ilename

completion, to avoid problems with complete-into-braces and 6C( #ilenames containing commas.

. (ome changes to the multibte character support code to avoid man calls to strlen/.

l. Bash now correctl honors setting &5 to some value when &CA5&& does not alread have a value.

m. %i"ed a bug that could cause (0(E] when processing nested traps with trap handlers.

n. The 7source>.$ builtin now restores the positional parameters when it

returns unless the were changed using the 7set$ builtin during the #ile$s e"ecution.

o. %i"ed a bug that caused a snta" error when a command was terminated b EO%.


a. There is now support #or placing the long help te"t into separate #iles installed into MdatadirN>bash. ot enabled b de#aultX can be turned on with 7--enable-separate-help#iles$ option to con#igure.

b. 5ll builtins that tae operands accept a 7--$ pseudo-option, e"cept

7echo$.

c. The 7echo$ builtin now accepts VG""" Jero to three octal digits #ollowing the 7G$/ in addition to V""" one to three octal digits/ #or (=(v3>D!\>



!O(0D.1-2GG1 compliance.


a. %i"ed a small problem in ArlAinsertAchar with multibte characters.

b. %i"es #rom 0B #or line wrapping problems when using multibte characters.

c. %i"ed a problem which caused the displa to be messed up when the last line o# a multi-line prompt possibl containing invisible characters/ was longer than the screen width.

d. %i"ed a problem with the vi-mode 7r$ command that ocurred on sstems with support #or multibte characters when running in a locale without an multibte characters.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.G^b-alpha1,and the previous version, bash-2.Gâ-release.

1. Changes to Bash

a. (ome changes to wor around inlining di##erences between compilers.

b. 5dded more prototpes #or internal shell tpede#s, to catch argument passing errors when using pointers to #unctions.

c. The 7cd$ builtin now #ails in posi" mode when a valid director cannot be constructed #rom a relative pathname argument and the ! using pathname canonicaliJation, and the -! option has not been supplied. !reviousl, the shell would attempt to use what the user tped, leading to weird values #or ! and discrepancies between the value o# ! and the actual woring director.

d. The 7cd$ builtin now resets ! when canonicaliJation #ails but a chdir to the pathname passed as an argument succeeds when not in posi" mode/.

e. The 7#c$ builtin has been #i"ed, as !O(0D re+uires, to use the closest histor position in range when given an out-o#-range argument.

#. The histor #ile loading code was changed to allow lines to be saved in the histor list #rom the shell startup #iles.

g. 7histor -s args$ now wors better in compound commands.

h. The tilde e"pansion code was #i"ed to better recogniJe when it$s being invoed in an assignment conte"t, which enables e"pansion a#ter 7?$

and 7L$.

i. %i"ed the command name completion code so a slash is no longer appended to a single match i# there happens to be a director with that name in !.

:. %i"ed compound arra assignment to no longer per#orm alias e"pansion, to allow reserved words as arra members, and to not produce e"tra output when the 7-v$ option had been enabled.

. %i"ed the programmable completion code to better handle newlines in lists o# possible completions e.g., 7complete -$/.

l. 6emoved the reserved words #rom the 7bash-builtins$ manual page.

m. !arser error reporting now attempts to do a better :ob o# identi#ing the toen in error rather than doing straight te"tual analsis.



n. %i"es #or 0n#>a, locales, wide>multibte characters and Jero-length arguments in the librar snprint#3/ replacement.

o. 7read -e$ no longer does command name completion on the #irst word on the line being read.

p. 7select$ now returns #ailure i# the read o# the user$s selection #ails.

+. %i"ed a bug that could cause a core dump when setting !0!E(T5T=(.

r. %i"es to not allocate so man :ob slots when the shell is running a loop with :ob control enabled in a subshell o# an interactive shell.

s. %i"ed a bug in the trap code that caused traps to be inherited b command substitutions in some cases.

t. %i"ed a bug that could cause alias e"pansion to inappropriatel e"pand the word #ollowing the alias.

u. %i"ed a bug in the 7ill$ builtin that mishandled negative pid arguments.

v. The parser is less lenient when parsing assignment statements where the characters be#ore the 7?$ don$t comprise a valid identi#ier.

w. The arithmetic e"pression evaluation code now honors the setting o# the 7-u$ option when e"panding variable names.

". %i"ed the arithmetic evaluation code to allow arra subscripts to be assigned 7let b8W9?42$/ and auto-incremented and auto-decremented e.g., b8W9ZZ/.

. 6eimplemented the e"isting prompt string date and time e"pansions using str#time3/, which changed the output o# VI in some locales.

J. %i"ed a bug that could cause a core dump when a special shell variable lie 65O/ was converted to an arra with a variable assignment.

aa. %i"ed a bug that would reset the handler #or a signal the user had trapped to a #unction that would e"it the shell when setting the e"it trap in a non-interactive shell.

bb. Changed the e"ecve2/ wrapper code to chec whether or not a #ailing command is a director be#ore looing at whether a 7PY$ interpreter #ailed #or some reason.

cc. %i"ed a bug in the command printing code so it no longer inserts a 7X$

a#ter a newline, which produces a snta" error when reused as input.

dd. The code that e"pands !(4 no longer inherits the 7-"$ #lag.

ee. The bash-speci#ic completion #unctions ma now tae advantage o# the double-T5B and -; #eatures o# the standard readline completion #unctions.

##. The mail checing code no longer prints a message i# the checed #ile$s siJe has not increased, even i# the access time is less than themodi#ication time.

gg. 6ewrote the variable smbol table codeL there is now a stac o#

conte"ts, each possibl including a separate smbol tableX there can be more than one temporar environment supplied to nested invocations o# 7.>source$X the temporar environments no longer re+uire so much special-case codeX shell #unctions now handle the temporar environment



and local variables more consistentlX #unction scope e"it is #aster now that the entire smbol table does not have to be traversed to dispose o# local variablesX it is now easier to push vars #rom the temporar environment to the shell$s variable table in posi" modeX some duplicated code has been removed.

hh. 6egulariJed the error message printing codeX builtinAerror is now called more consistentl, and common error message strings are handled b small #unctions. This should mae eventual message translation easier.

ii. Error messages now include the line number in a script when the shell is not interactive.

::. 5rra subscript e"pansion now taes place even when the arra variable is unset, so side e##ects will tae place.

. %i"ed a bug in the (0C'& child-reaping code so that it won$t #ind :obs alread mared as terminated i# the O( reuses pids +uicl enough.

ll. %i"ed a bug that could cause a signal to not interrupt the 7wait$ builtin while it was waiting #or a bacground process to terminate.

mm. 5 couple o# changes to mae it easier #or multiple shells to share histor #iles using 7histor -n$, 7histor -r$, and 7histor -w$.

nn. The 7getopts$ builtin alwas increments O!T0 to point to the ne"t option to be handled when an option is returned, whether it$s valid or not, as !O(0D 1GG3."-2GG1 re+uires.

oo. Changed some parts o# the e"pansion code to avoid allocating and immediatel #reeing memor without using the results #or anthing.

pp. The shell now eeps trac o# 0%( internall, updating its internal map each time the variable is assigned a new value or at local scope e"it/.

This saves thousands o# hash looups #or 0%(, which, while individuall cheap, add up.

++. 6ewrote the hash table codeL searching and insertion are much #aster now, and it uses a better string hashing #unctionX augmented the #unction inter#ace to simpli# other parts o# the code and remove duplicated code

rr. The shell now uses a simple, generic 7ob:ect cache$ #or allocating and caching words and word lists, which were the ma:or users o# malloc>#ree.

ss. %i"ed the assignment statement parsing code to allow whitespace and newlines in subscripts when per#orming arra element assignment.

tt. The shell now issues man #ewer calls to sigprocmas and other signal masing sstem calls.

uu. %i"ed the 7test$ and conditional command #ile comparison operators to wor right when one #ile has a non-positive timestamp and the other does not e"ist.

vv. %i"ed some cases where the special characters $VGG1$ and $V1WW$ in the values o# variables or positional parameters caused incorrect e"pansion results.


a. %i"ed output o# comment-begin character when listing variable values.

b. 5dded some de#ault e bindings #or common escape se+uences produced b



'OE and E es.

c. %i"ed the mar handling code to be more emacs-compatible.

d. 5 bug was #i"ed in the code that prints possible completions to eep it #rom printing empt strings in certain circumstances.

e. Change the e se+uence printing code to print E(C as V- i# E(C is a meta-pre#i" character -- it$s easier #or users to understand than Ve.

#. %i"ed unsti#leAhistor/ to return values that match the documentation.

g. %i"ed the event loop rlAeventAhoo/ to handle the case where the input #ile descriptor is invalidated.

h. %i"ed the prompt displa code to wor better when the application has a custom redispla #unction.

i. Changes to mae reading and writing the histor #ile a little #aster, and to cope with huge histor #iles without calling abort3/ #rom "malloc.

:. The vi-mode 7($ and 7s$ commands are now undone correctl.


a. 0# set, TO=T is the de#ault timeout #or the 7read$ builtin.

b. 7tpe$ has two new optionsL 7-#$ suppresses shell #unction looup, and 7-!$ #orces a !5T' search.

c. ew code to handle multibte characters.

d. 7select$ was changed to be more sh-compatible, in that the menu is reprinted each time through the loop onl i# 6E!&[ is set to =&&.

The previous behavior is available as a compile-time option.

e. 7complete -d$ and 7complete -o dirnames$ now #orce a slash to be appended to names which are smlins to directories.

#. There is now a bindable edit-and-e"ecute-command readline command, lie the vi-mode 7v$ command, bound to C-"C-e in emacs mode.

g. 5dded support #or shH3-lie 8LwordL9 character class in pattern matching.

h. The $...$ +uoting construct now e"pands VcD to Control-D.

i. 5 new VM...N prompt e"pansionX passes the 7...$ to str#time and inserts

the result into the e"panded prompt.

:. The shell now per#orms arithmetic in the largest integer siJe the machine supports intma"At/, instead o# long.

. 0# a numeric argument is supplied to one o# the bash globbing completion #unctions, a 7$ is appended to the word be#ore e"pansion is attempted.

l. The bash globbing completion #unctions now allow completions to be listed with double tabs or i# 7show-all-i#-ambiguous$ is set.

m. ew 7-o nospace$ option #or 7complete$ and 7compgen$ builtinsX suppresses readline$s appending a space to the completed word.

n. ew 7here-string$ redirection operatorL word.

o. hen displaing variables, #unction attributes and de#initions are shown



separatel, allowing them to be re-used as input attempting to re-use the old output would result in snta" errors/.

p. There is a new con#iguration option 7--enable-mem-scramble$, controls bash malloc behavior o# writing garbage characters into memor at allocation and #ree time.

+. The 7complete$ and 7compgen$ builtins now have a new 7-s>-5 service$ option to complete on names #rom >etc>services.

r. 7read$ has a new 7-u #d$ option to read #rom a speci#ied #ile descriptor.

s. %i" the completion code so that e"pansion errors in a director name don$t cause a long:mp bac to the command loop.

t. %i"ed word completion inside command substitution to wor a little more intuitivel.

u. The 7print#$ U+ #ormat speci#ier now uses $...$ +uoting to print the argument i# it contains non-printing characters.

v. The 7declare$ and 7tpeset$ builtins have a new 7-t$ option. hen applied to #unctions, it causes the EB= trap to be inherited b the named #unction. Currentl has no e##ect on variables.

w. The EB= trap is now run be#ore simple commands, ...// commands, 88...99 conditional commands, and #or ...// loops.

". The e"pansion o# &0EO inside a shell #unction is onl relative to the #unction start i# the shell is interactive -- i# the shell is running a script, &0EO e"pands to the line number in the script. This is as !O(0D-2GG1 re+uires.

. The bash debugger in e"amples>bashdb has been modi#ied to wor with the

new EB= trap semantics, the command set has been made more gdb-lie, and the changes to &0EO mae debugging #unctions wor better. Code #rom ar ]aughan.

J. ew 8n9)word- and 8n9F)word- redirections #rom shH3 -- move #ds dup and close/.

aa. There is a new 7-l$ invocation option, e+uivalent to 7--login$.

bb. The 7hash$ builtin has a new 7-l$ option to list contents in a reusable #ormat, and a 7-d$ option to remove a name #rom the hash table.


a. (upport #or e 7subse+uences$L allows, e.g., E(C and E(C-a to both be bound to readline #unctions. ow the arrow es ma be used in vi insert mode.

b. hen listing completions, and the number o# lines displaed is more than the screen length, readline uses an internal pager to displa the results. This is controlled b the 7page-completions$ variable de#ault on/.

c. ew code to handle editing and displaing multibte characters.

d. The behavior introduced in bash-2.Gâ o# deciding whether or not to append a slash to a completed name that is a smlin to a director has

been made optional, controlled b the 7mar-smlined-directories$ variable de#ault is the 2.Gâ behavior/.

e. The 7insert-comment$ command now acts as a toggle i# given a numeric



argumentL i# the #irst characters on the line don$t speci# a comment, insert oneX i# the do, delete the comment te"t

#. ew application-settable completion variableL rlAcompletionAmarAsmlinAdirs, allows an application$s completion #unction to temporaril override the user$s pre#erence #or appending slashes to names which are smlins to directories.

g. ew #unction available to application completion #unctionsL rlAcompletionAmode, to tell how the completion #unction was invoed and decide which argument to suppl to rlAcompleteAinternal to list completions, etc./.

h. 6eadline now has an overwrite mode, toggled b the 7overwrite-mode$ bindable command, which could be bound to 70nsert$.

i. ew application-settable completion variableL rlAcompletionAsuppressAappend, inhibits appending o# rlAcompletionAappendAcharacter to completed words.

:. ew e bindings when reading an incremental search stringL ans

the currentl-matched word out o# the current line into the search stringX [ ans the rest o# the current line into the search string, E& or ' deletes characters #rom the search string.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.Gâ-release,and the previous version, bash-2.Gâ-rc1.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed the 7print#$ builtin so that the variable name supplied as an argument to a Un conversion must be a valid shell identi#ier.

b. 0mproved the random number generator slightl.

c. Changes to con#iguration to not put -0>usr>include into C%&5(, since it messes up some includes.

d. Corrected description o# !O(0D&[ACO66ECT in man page and in#o manual.

e. %i"ed a couple o# cases o# incorrect #unction prototpes that sneaed through and caused compilation problems.

#. 5 #ew changes to avoid potential core dumps in the programmable completion code.

g. %i"ed a con#igure problem that could cause a non-e"istent #ile to show up in &0BOBS(.

h. %i"ed a con#igure problem that could cause siglist.o to not be built when re+uired.

i. Changes to the strtoima" and strtouma" replacement #unctions to wor around bugg compilers.

:. %i"ed a problem with the snprint# replacement #unction that could potentiall cause a core dump.


a. %i"ed a locale-speci#ic problem in the vi-mode 7goto mar$ command.

b. %i"ed ae#ile to not put -0>usr>include into C%&5(, since it can cause



include #ile problems.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.Gâ-rc1,and the previous version, bash-2.Gâ-beta1.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed the snprint# replacement to correctl implement the 7alternate #orm$ o# the Ug and U conversions.

b. %i"ed snprint# to correctl handle the optional precision with the Ug and U conversions.

c. %i"ed the arithmetic evaluation code to correct the values o# 7I$ and 7A$ when translating base-\4 constants the were bacwards/.

d. ew librar #unctions #or #ormatting long and long long ints.

e. %i"ed a #ew places where negative arra subscripts could have occurred, mostl as the result o# sstems using signed characters.

#. %i"ed a #ew places that assumed a pidAt was no wider than an int.

g. %i"ed the 7maildir$ mail checing code to wor on sstems where a 7struct stat$ doesn$t include an 7stAblocs$ member.

h. %i"ed snprint# to mae 7unsigned long long$ conversion #ormats Ullu/ wor better.

i. %i"ed snprint# to not print a sign when ased to do an unsigned conversion.

:. ade con#igure changes to avoid compiling empt source #iles in lib>sh.

. ew replacement #unctions i# necessar/ #or strtoull, strtoll, strtoima", strtouma".

l. The 7print#$ builtin now handles the 7ll$ and 7:$ length modi#iers directl, since the can a##ect the tpe and width o# the argument passed to print#3/.

m. 6enamed a number o# the bash-speci#ic autocon# macros in aclocal.m4 to have more stematic naming, with accompaning changes to con#igure.in.

n. %i"ed snprint# to handle long doubles and the Ua>U5 conversions b #alling bac to sprint#, as long as sprint# supports them.

o. %i"ed return value #rom vsnprint#>snprint# to be the number o# characters that would have been printed, even i# that number e"ceeds the bu##er siJe passed as an argument.

p. Bash no longer attempts to de#ine its own versions o# some ctpe macros i# the are implemented as #unctions in libc but not as macros in ctpe.hF.

+. Changed the variable printing code used b 7set$, 7e"port$, etc./ to not use the $...$ snta" when in posi" mode, since that caused interoperabilit problems with other shells most notabl with autocon#/. hen not in posi" mode, it uses $...$ i# the string to be printed contains non-printing characters and regular single +uotes otherwise.

r. snprint# now recogniJes the U% conversion.

s. %i"ed a bug that could cause the wrong status to be returned b a shell



#unction when the shell is compiled without :ob control and a null command containing a command substutition was e"ecuted in the #unction.

t. hen in posi" mode, the de#ault value #or 50&C'EC_ is \GG.

u. Bash onl initialiJes %=C5E, 6O=!(, and 06(T5C_ as special variables i# the$re not in the initial environment.

v. 0# (ECO( appears in the initial environment with a valid integer value, bash uses that as the starting value, as i# an assignment had been per#ormed.

w. Bash no longer auto-e"ports 'OE, !5T', ('E&&, or TE6, even though it gives them de#ault values i# the don$t appear in the initial environment.

". Bash no longer auto-e"ports 'O(T5E, 'O(TT[!E, 5C'T[!E, or O(T[!E, even i# it assigns them de#ault values.

. Bash no longer removes the e"port attribute #rom (('AC&0ET or (('2AC&0ET i# the appear in the initial environment.

J. Bash no longer attempts to discover i# it$s being run b sshd in order to run the startup #iles. 0# the (('A(O=6CEAB5('6C is uncommented in con#ig-top.h it will attempt to do so as previousl, but that$s commented out in the distributed version.

aa. %i"ed a tpo in the code that tests #or &CA=E60C.

bb. The !O(0D&[ACO66ECT shell variable and its e##ects are now documented.

cc. (ome changes to several o# the support shell scripts included in the de#initions to tr to avoid race conditions and attacs.

dd. (everal changes to avoid warnings #rom 7gcc -all$.

ee. %i"ed a problem with the 7unset$ builtin that could cause incorrect results i# ased to unset a variable and an arra subscript in the same command.

##. 5 #ew changes to the shell$s temporar #ile creation code to avoid potential #ile descriptor leas and to pre#er the sstem$s idea o# the temporar director to use.

gg. %i"es to build with the C alloca in lib>malloc>alloca.c i# the sstem re+uires it but the shell has been con#igured --without-bash-malloc.

hh. =pdated the documentation to note that onl interactive shells resend

(0'=! to all :obs be#ore e"iting.

ii. %i"es to onl pass un+uoted tilde words to tildeAe"pand, rather than rel on tildeAe"pand or getpwnam3/ to handle the +uotes acO( 1G." will remove bacslashes in an login name passed to getpwnam3//.

::. (mall change #rom !aul Eggert to mae &0EO right in commands run with 7bash -c$.


a. The 7print#$ builtin now handles the Ua and U5 conversions i# the$re implemented b print#3/.

b. The 7print#$ builtin now handles the U% conversion :ust about lie U#/.

c. The 7print#$ builtin now handles the Un conversion lie print#3/. The



corresponding argument is the name o# a shell variable to which the value is assigned.


a. %i"ed a #ew places where negative arra subscripts could have occurred.

b. %i"ed the vi-mode code to use a better method to determine the bounds o# the arra used to hold the mars.

c. %i"ed the de#ines in charde#s.h to wor better when chars are signed.

d. %i"ed con#igure.in to use the new names #or bash autocon# macros.

e. 6eadline no longer attempts to de#ine its own versions o# some ctpe macros i# the are implemented as #unctions in libc but not as macros in ctpe.hF.

#. %i"ed a problem where rlAbacward could possibl set point to be#ore the beginning o# the line.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.Gâ-beta1,and the previous version, bash-2.Gâ-alpha1.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed a bug in the evalution o# arithmetic 7#or$ statements when the e"panded e"pression is =&&.

b. %i"ed an unassigned variable problem in the redirection printing code.

c. 5dded more prototpes to e"tern #unction declarations in the header #iles and to static #unction declarations in C source #iles.

d. ae sure called #unctions have a prototpe in scope, to get the arguments and return values right instead o# casting. 6emoved e"tern #unction declarations #rom C source #iles that were alread included in header #iles.

e. Changed some #unction arguments to use #unction tpede#s in general.h so the prototpes can be checed. The onl use o# %unction and ]%unction now is #or unwind-protects.

#. ore const changes to #unction arguments and appropriate variables.

g. Changed the mail checing support to handle 7maildir$-stle mail

directories.

h. 5ugmented the bash malloc to pass in the #ile and line number in#ormation #or each malloc, realloc, and #ree. This should result in better error messages.

i. The 7old$ gnu malloc is no longer a con#iguration option.

:. 5ugmented the bash malloc with optional tracing and registering allocated and #reed memor.

. !rompt string decoding now saves and restores the value o# ; when it e"pands the prompt string, so command substitutions don$t change ;.

i. 5rra indices are now 7long$, since shell arithmetic is per#ormed as long, and the internal arraindAt tpe is used consistentl.



:. (ome more 7unsigned char $ #i"es #rom !aul Eggert.

. %i"ed a bad call to builtinAerror that could cause core dumps when maing local variables.

l. 7return$ ma no longer be used to terminate a 7select$ command, #or compatibilit with sh.

m. Changed code that reads octal numbers to do a better :ob o# detecting over#lows.

n. The time #ormatting code no longer uses absolute indices into a bu##er, because the bu##er siJe changes depending on the siJe o# a 7timeAt$.

o. 7umas$ now prints #our digits when printing in octal mode, #or compatibilit with other shells.

p. &ots o# changes to the 7print#$ builtin #rom !aul EggertL it handles 7&$ #ormats and long doubles better, and internal #unctions have been simpi#ied where appropriate.

+. (ome 7timeAt$ #i"es #or machines were a timeAt is bigger than a long.

r. 6eplaced some bash-speci#ic autocon# macros with standard e+uivalents.

s. 0mprovmed the code that constructs temporar #ilenames to mae the generated names a bit more random.

t. 5dded code that checs #or ascii be#ore calling an o# the is ctpe #unctions.

u. Changed some places where a 7char$ was used as an arra subscript to use 7unsigned char$, since a 7char$ can be negative i# it$s signed b de#ault.

v. &ots o# changes to the 7ulimit$ builtin #rom !aul Eggert to add support #or the new !O(0D-2GG" 6&0A(5]EAC=6 and 6&0A(5]EA5D values and simpli# the code.

w. 7ulimit$ now prints the description o# a resource in an error message relating to #etching or setting that resource$s limits.

". The 7snprint#$ replacement now computes ma"imum values at compile time rather than using huge constants #or things lie long long.

. 0nteractive shells now ignore 7set -n$.

J. Changed the malloc booeeping in#ormation so that it$s now R btes

instead o# 12 on most 32-bit machines saving 4 btes per allocation/, restoring R-bte alignment.

aa. The malloc error reporting code now attempts to print the #ile and line number o# the call that caused the error.

bb. Changed the redirection error reporting code to catch EB5% errors and report the #ile descriptor number rather than the #ile being redirected to or #rom e.g., things lie 7e"ec 4242"$ where 4242 is an out-o#-range #ile descriptor/.

cc. 7print#$, 7echo -e$, and the $...$ code now process onl two he" digits a#ter a 7V"$ escape se+uence #or compatibilit with other shells, and

the documentation was changed to note that the octal and he" escape se+uences result in an eight-bit value rather than strict 5(C00.




a. The completion code now attempts to do a better :ob o# preserving the case o# the word the user tped i# ignoring case in completions.

b. 6eadline de#aults to not echoing the input and lets the terminal initialiJation code enable echoing i# there is a controlling terminal.

c. The e binding code now processes onl two he" digits a#ter a 7V"$ escape se+uence, and the documentation was changed to note that the octal and he" escape se+uences result in an eight-bit value rather than strict 5(C00.


a. The builtin 7ulimit$ now taes two new non-numeric argumentsL 7hard$, meaning the current hard limit, and 7so#t$, meaning the current so#t limit, in addition to 7unlimited$

b. 7ulimit$ now prints the option letter associated with a particular resource when printing more than one limit.

c. 7ulimit$ prints 7hard$ or 7so#t$ when a value is not 7unlimited$ but is one o# 6&0A(5]EA5D or 6&0A(5]EAC=6, respectivel.


a. ew bindable variable 7histor-preserve-point$. 0# set, the histor code attempts to place the user at the same location on each histor line retrived with previous-histor or ne"t-histor.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.Gâ-alpha1,and the previous version, bash-2.G^-release.

1. Changes to Bash

a. Better checs in the redirection code #or write errors.

b. bashbug now uses T!06, de#aulting to >tmp, and uses mtemp1/ more portabl.

c. (stem-speci#ic con#iguration changes #orL 0nteri", OpenB(, %reeB(, acO( D.

d. (ome more 7const$ cleanups through the code.

e. %i"ed a tpo in the >dev>#d redirection code, better checs #or valid

numeric #ds in >dev>#d.

#. %i"ed man parts o# the shell to handle integer over#low more grace#ull and to do more stringent checs #or valid numbers.

g. %i"ed msignames to include con#ig.h.

h. %i"ed an uninitialiJed variable problem that could cause the shell to core dump when replacing characters in a string.

i. ew mechanism #or updating the patch level when o##icial patches are released patchlevel.h/.

:. con#igure.in changed to no longer re+uire e"ternal #iles Adistribution and Apatchlevel.

. %i"ed non-interactive shell initialiJation problem when bash started as



7bash -i #ilename$.

l. %i"ed print# builtin conversion error handling to be !O(0D.2-con#ormant.

m. autocon#-2.^2 is now used to build con#igureX autocon#-2.^G or newer is re+uired. (ome o# the bash-speci#ic macros were removed, since the are now standard.

n. (tartup #iles and #iles read with source or 7.$ are no longer re+uired to be regular #iles.

o. %i"ed core dump in builtin print# when user-supplied precision or #ield width is G.

p. %i"ed builtin print# to treat a negative #ield width as a positive #ield width with le#t-:usti#ication.

r. ew unwind-protect implementation #rom !aul Eggert.

s. %i"ed an inadvertentl-unclosed comment in the bash completion code that caused programmable completions to not add trailing slashes or spaces to

completions.

t. %i"ed the process substitution code to cope better when stdin is closed.

v. %i"es, mostl #rom !aul Eggert, #or a #ew possible bu##er over#lows in the shell.

w. %i"es #rom !aul Eggert to avoid most o# the tpe casts in the shell code, and use more appropriate tpes #or a number o# variables.

". Command substition no longer inherits the EB= trap.

. (ome #i"es to the process substition code on machines without >dev>#d so

that named pipes are not removed inappropriatel.

J. The loadable 7getcon#$ builtin is now much more complete, and will become part o# the shell in the #uture.

aa. The select command no longer terminates on a 7return$, so it can be used to return #rom an enclosing #unction as sh does it/.

bb. %i"ed the e"tended pattern matching code to behave better when presented with incorrectl-#ormed patterns.

cc. (ome changes were made with the intent o# maing cross-compilation easier.

dd. The networ code >dev>tcp and >dev>udp redirections/ uses getaddrin#o3/ i# it$s available, which adds support #or 0!v\.

ee. (ubshells o# login shells no longer source @>.bashAlogout when the e"it.

##. %i"es so that subshells don$t e"it inappropriatel i# the -e option has been set.

gg. 6estricted shells no longer allow #unctions to be e"ported.

hh. Changes to the pattern matching code so e"tended pattern matching wors on sstems with de#icient shared librar implementations, lie acO( D.

ii. Better error messages when a script with a leading 7PYinterp$ #ails to e"ecute because o# problems with 7interp$.

::. %i"ed 7compgen$ to handle the 7-o de#ault$ option better.



. %i"ed the :ob control code to #orce an asnchronous process$s standard input to >dev>null onl i# :ob control is not active.

ll. %i"ed a possible in#inite recursion problem when 7#c KK?abc$ a null pattern/ is used to re-e"ecute a previous command.

mm. %i"ed 7declare 8-a9 var?value$ to assign ]5&=E to element G i# ]56 is an arra variable. (imilarl #or 7declare 8-a9 var89?value$. This is lie shH3.

nn. %i"ed a bug that caused 7read -a aname$ to wor even i# 55E had been declared readonl.

oo. %i"ed a possible integer over#low problem when constructing names #or temporar #iles.


a. 5dded support #or E(T06 installation root pre#i", so ou can do a 7mae install E(T06?bash-root$ and do easier binar pacaging.

b. 5dded support #or builtin print# K$K #lag character as per latest !O(0D dra#ts.

c. (upport #or !O(0D.2 print#1/ length speci#iers 7:$, 7t$, and 7J$ #rom 0(O CHH/.

d. ew autocon# macro, 6&A&0BA6E5&0EA]E6(0O, #or use b other applications bash doesn$t use ver much o# what it returns/.

e. 7set 8-Z9o nolog$ is recogniJed as re+uired b the latest !O(0D dra#ts, but ignored.

#. ew read-onl 7shopt$ optionL loginAshell. (et to non-Jero value i# the shell is a login shell.

g. ew 7V5$ prompt string escape se+uenceX e"pands to time in 24 ''L #ormat.

h. ew 7-5 group>-g$ option to complete and compgenX does group name completion.

i. ew 7-t$ option to 7hash$ to list hash values #or each #ilename argument.

:. ew 8-Z9O invocation option to set and unset 7shopt$ options at startup.

. con#igure$s 7--with-installed-readline$ option now taes an optional

7?!5T'$ su##i" to set the root o# the tree where readline is installed to !5T'.

l. The sh-lie 7E66$ trap has been added. The 7E66$ trap will be run whenever the shell would have e"ited i# the -e option were enabled. 0t is not inherited b shell #unctions.

m. 7readonl$, 7e"port$, and 7declare$ now print variables which have been given attributes but not set b assigning a value as :ust a command and a variable name lie 7e"port #oo$/ when listing, as the latest !O(0D dra#ts re+uire.

n. 7bashbug$ now re+uires that the sub:ect be changed #rom the de#ault.

o. con#igure has a new 7--enable-large#ile$ option, lie other = utilities.

p. 7#or$ loops now allow empt word lists a#ter 7in$, lie the latest !O(0D



dra#ts re+uire.


a. ore 7const$ and tpe casting #i"es.

b. Changed rlAmessage/ to use vsnprint#3/ i# available/ to #i" bu##er over#low problems.

c. The completion code no longer appends a 7>$ or 7 $ to a match when completing a smbolic lin that resolves to a director name, unless the match does not add anthing to the word being completed. This means that a tab will complete the word up to the #ull name, but not add anthing, and a subse+uent tab will add a slash.

d. %i"ed a trivial tpo that made the vi-mode 7dT$ command not wor.

e. %i"ed the tt code so that ( and < can be inserted with rlA+uotedAinsert.

#. %i"ed the tt code so that ] wors more than once.

g. Changed the use o# AA!...// #or #unction prototpes to !565(...// because the use o# AA! in tpede#s con#licted gZZ and glibc.


a. 5dded e"tern declaration #or rlAgetAtermcap to readline.h, maing it a public #unction it was alwas there, :ust not in readline.h/.

b. ew Pde#ines in readline.hL 6&A6E5&0EA]E6(0O, currentl G"G4G2, 6&A]E6(0OA5SO6, currentl 4, and 6&A]E6(0OA0O6, currentl 2.

c. ew readline variableL rlAreadlineAversion, mirrors 6&A6E5&0EA]E6(0O.

d. ew bindable boolean readline variableL match-hidden-#iles. Controls completion o# #iles beginning with a 7.$ on =ni"/. Enabled b de#ault.

e. The histor e"pansion code now allows an character to terminate a 7L#irst-$ modi#ier, lie csh.

#. The incremental search code remembers the last search string and uses it i# 66 is tped without a search string.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.G^-release,and the previous version, bash-2.G^-beta2.

1. Changes to Bash

a. ae sure we note that the #irst line o# a multi-line command was not saved in the histor i# the tests #or '0(TCOT6O& succeed, but the '0(T0O6E chec #ails.

b. %i"ed a bug in the pattern matching code that caused 78$ to be treated as a special character inside a 78...9$ bracet e"pression.

c. %i"ed a bug in the pattern matching code that caused 79$ to terminate a bracet e"pression even i# it was the #irst character a#ter the 78$ or a leading 7Y$ or 7$/.

d. ade a small change to report a more user-#riendl error message i# e"ecve2/ #ails because o# an error with the interpreter in a script with a leading 7PY interpreter$.



e. 0# the O( does not support an e"ec2/ magic number o# 7PY$, mae sure we have a non-null interpreter name be#ore attempting to e"ecute it.

#. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell process to end up in a di##erent process group than the controlling terminal i# a :ob-control shell was run with 7e"ec$ in the startup #iles.

g. hen started in !O(0D mode, either b 7bash --posi"$, 7bash -o posi"$, or 7sh$, ('E&&O!T( includes 7posi"$ and !O(0D&[ACO66ECT is set.

h. %i"ed a problem that caused the 7V$ prompt string escape se+uence to e"pand to nothing when ! was 7>>$.

i. The 7bashbug$ shell script no longer uses .../ command substitution.

:. hen 7set$ is invoed without options in !O(0D mode, it no longer prints the names and de#initions o# shell #unctions.


a. rlAsetAparenAblinAtimeout/ is now documented.

b. Corrected histor.3 man pageL 7$ is not in the de#ault value o# historAwordAdelimiters.

c. 0# a hoo #unction assigned to rlAeventAhoo sets rlAdone to a non-Jero value, rlAreadAe/ now immediatel returns $Vn$ which is assumed to be bound to accept-line/.


a. The 7F)word$ redirection now wors in !O(0D mode as it does b de#ault, since !O(0D.2 leaves it unspeci#ied.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.G^-beta2,and the previous version, bash-2.G^-beta1.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed a bug in the arithmetic evaluation code so that a?b is supported.

b. %i"ed startup so posi"lAcorrect is retained across subshells begun to e"ecute scripts without a leading 7PY$.

c. %i"ed a bug that caused #ile/ to not wor in a .../ subshell.

d. 5dded con#ig support #or &inu" running on the 0B (3HG.

e. %i"ed a bug that caused bash to get its input pointer out o# snc when reading commands through a pipe and running a command with standard input redirected #rom a #ile.

#. ade a change so that command completion now maes about hal# as man stat2/ calls when searching the !5T'.

g. %i"ed a bug that caused variable assignments preceding 7return$ to not be propagated to the shell environment in !O(0D mode.

h. %i"ed a bug with Mparameter8L9;wordN -- tilde e"pansion was not per#ormed

on 7word$.

i. 0n !O(0D mode, 7brea$ and 7continue$ do not complain and return success i# called when the shell is not e"ecuting a loop.



:. %i"ed 7bash -o posi"$ to wor the same as 7bash --posi"$.

. %i"ed a bug where variable assignments preceding 7eval$ or 7source>.$ would not show up in the environment e"ported to subshells run b the commands.

l. 0n !O(0D mode, shells started to e"ecute command substitutions inherit the value o# the 7-e$ option #rom their parent shell.

m. 0n !O(0D mode, aliases are e"panded even in non-interactive shells.

n. Changed some o# the :ob control messages to displa the te"t re+uired b !O(0D.2 when the shell is in !O(0D mode.

o. %i"ed a bug in 7test$ that caused it to occasionall return incorrect results when non-numeric arguments were supplied to 7-t$.


a. (ome changes were made to avoid gcc warnings with -all.

b. rlAgetAemapAbAname now #inds emaps case-insensitivel, so 7set emap E5C($ wors.

c. The histor #ile writing and truncation #unctions now return a use#ul status on error.

d. %i"ed a bug that could cause applications to dere#erence a =&& pointer i# a =&& second argument was passed to historAe"pand/.


a. doc>readline.3 has been moved to the readline distribution.


a. ew #unction, rlAgetAscreenAsiJe int rows, int columns/, returns readline$s idea o# the screen dimensions.

b. The timeout in rlAgatherAti readline eboard input polling #unction/ is now settable via a #unction rlAsetAeboardAinputAtimeout//.

c. 6enamed the ma"AinputAhistor variable to historAma"AentriesX the old variable is maintained #or bacwards compatibilit.

d. The list o# characters that separate words #or the histor toeniJer is

now settable with a variableL historAwordAdelimiters. The de#ault value is as be#ore.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.G^-beta1,and the previous version, bash-2.G^-alpha1.

1. Changes to Bash

a. Changes to allow shared librar and ob:ect building on the = 'urd.

b. %i"es to the wa e"ported #unctions are placed into the environment and cached.

c. The globbing librar once again respects locales when processing ranges in bracet e"pressions while doing pattern matching.



d. (stem-speci#ic con#iguration changes #orL Tru \4, 0nteri"

e. Bashbug now uses >usr>bin>editor as one o# the editing alternatives, and will use mtemp1/ or temp#ile1/, i# present, #or temporar #ile creation.

#. Bash no longer per#orms a binar #ile chec on a script argument that$s reall a tt lie >dev>#d>G or >dev>stdin/.

g. %i"ed a bug in the e"ecution o# shell scripts that caused the e##ects o# B5('AE] to be undone in some cases.

h. %i"ed several bugs that made 7bash 8-i9 >dev>stdin$ not wor correctl.

i. (everal changes to the :ob control code to avoid some signal state manipulation.

:. The Bash malloc no longer blocs signals as o#ten, which should mae it #aster.

. %i"ed a parsing bug that did not allow bacslash to escape a single +uote inside a $...$ construct.

l. %i"ed a bug that caused things lie MvarL?$value$N to be parsed incorrectl. This showed up in newer versions o# autocon#.

m. %i"ed a bug in the bash-speci#ic readline initialiJation that caused e bindings to bash-speci#ic #unction names appearing in .inputrc to not be honored.

n. Bash now sets the #ile descriptor it uses to save the #ile descriptor opened on a shell script to close on e"ec.

o. %i"ed a bug in the prompt string decoding that caused it to misbehave when presented an octal se+uence o# #ewer than three characters.

p. %i"ed the 7test$ builtin to return an error i# 78$ is supplied a single argument that is not 79$.

+. %i"ed a bug that caused subshells started to run e"ecutable shell scripts without a leading 7PY$ to incorrectl inherit an argument list preceding a shell builtin lie such a script called #rom a script sourced with 7.$, where there were variable assignments preceding the 7.$ command/

r. %i"ed a bug that caused changes to variables supplied in an assignment statement preceding a shell builtin to not be honored lie a script run with 7.$/.

s. 'O(TT[!E, O(T[!E, and 5C'T[!E are set onl i# the do not have values when the shell is started.

t. %i"ed a bug that caused (00T to ill shell scripts a#ter the script called 7wait$.

u. The 7#c$ builtin now tries to create its temporar #iles in the director named b T!06.

v. Bash no longer calls an 6eadline #unctions or uses an 6eadline variables not declared in readline.h.

w. %i"ed a bug that caused some substitutions involving I to not be split

correctl, especiall e"pansions o# the #orm MparamterO!wordN.

". (('2AC&0ET is now treated lie (('AC&0ET and not auto-e"ported i# it appears in the initial environment.



. %i"ed a couple o# problems with shell scripts without a leading 7PY$ being e"ecuted out o# shell #unctions that could cause core dumps i# such a script attempted to e"ecute 7return$.

J. %i"ed a problem with the 7-nt$ and 7-ot$ binar operators #or the 7test>8$ builtin and the 788$ conditional command that caused wrong return values i# one o# the #ile arguments did not e"ist.

aa. %i"ed a bug that caused non-interactive shells which had previousl e"ecuted 7shopt -s e"pandAaliases$ to #ail to e"pand aliases in a command lie 7command/ )$. 2. Changes to 6eadline

a. Changes to mae most but not et all -- there is still crl#// o# the e"ported readline #unctions declared in readline.h have an rlA pre#i".

b. ore 7const$ changes in #unction arguments, mostl #or completion #unctions.

c. %i"ed a bug in rlA#orward that could cause the point to be set to be#ore the beginning o# the line in vi mode.

d. %i"ed a bug in the callbac read-char inter#ace to mae it wor when a readline #unction pushes some input onto the input stream with rlAe"ecuteAne"t lie the incremental search #unctions/.

e. %i"ed a #ile descriptor lea in the histor #ile manipulation code that was tripped when attempting to truncate a non-regular #ile lie >dev>null/.

#. (ome e"isting variables are now documented and part o# the public inter#ace declared in readline.h/L rlAe"plictAarg, rlAnumericAarg,

rlAeditingAmode, rlAlastA#unc.

g. 6enamed rlttAsetAde#aultAbindings to rlAttAsetAde#aultAbindings and crl# to rlAcrl#, so there are no public #unctions declared in readline.h without an 7rlA$ pre#i". The old #unctions still e"ist #or bacwards compatibilit.


a. 5 new loadable builtin, realpath, which canonicaliJes and e"pands smlins in pathname arguments.

b. hen 7set$ is called without options, it prints #unction de#intions in a

wa that allows them to be reused as input. This a##ects 7declare$ and 7declare -p$ as well.


a. ew application-callable #unction rlAsetApromptconst char prompt/L e"pands its prompt string argument and sets rlAprompt to the result.

b. ew application-callable #unction rlAsetAscreenAsiJeint rows, int cols/L public method #or applications to set readline$s idea o# the screen dimensions.

c. The histor e"ample program e"amples>histe"amp.c/ is now built as one

o# the e"amples.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.G^-alpha1,



and the previous version, bash-2.G4-release.

1. Changes to Bash

a. 5 #i" was made to allow newlines in compond arra assignments.

b. con#igure now checs #or real-time signals with unusable values.

c. 0nteractive shells no longer e"it i# a substitution #ails because o# an unset variable within a sourced #ile.

d. %i"ed a problem with incorrect matching o# e"tended glob patterns when doing pattern substitution.

e. 7M$ is now +uoted b the completion code when it appears in a #ilename.

#. %i"ed an error in pattern matching that caused the matcher to not correctl sip the rest o# a bracet e"pression a#ter a character matched.

g. %i"ed a bug in the 0%( word splitting code to mae a non-whitespace 0%(

character preceded b 0%( whitespace part o# the current delimiter rather than generating a separate #ield.

h. The MYpre#i"IN e"pansion now generates separate words, analogous to I, when double-+uoted.

i. Command substitution now ignores =& btes in the command output, and the parser ignores them on input.

:. 5 #i" was made to the :ob control code to prevent hanging processes when the shell thins bacground processes are running but the ernel returns -1>EC'0& #rom waitpid/.

. 7pwd$ now prints an error message i# the write #ails when displaing the current director.

l. hen in !O(0D mode, the shell prints trap dispostions without a leading 7(0$ in the signal speci#ication.

m. %i"ed a parser bug that caused the current command$s line count to be messed up b a compound arra assignment.

n. %i"ed a bug in the unwind-protect code that caused bad behavior on machines where ints and pointers are not the same siJe.

o. (stem-speci#ic con#igure changes #orL acO( D.

p. Changes #or Cgwin to translate VrVn and Vr to Vn and to set #ile descriptors used #or reading input to te"t mode in various places.

+. %i"ed a bug that caused 7Y$ to occasionall not be honored when in a .../ subshell.

r. Bash no longer assumes that getcwd/ will return an use#ul error message in the bu##er passed as an argument i# the call #ails.

s. The 7source$, 7.$, and 7#c$ builtins no longer chec whether a #ile is binar be#ore reading commands #rom it.

t. (ubshells no longer turn o## :ob control when the e"it, since that sometimes resulted in the terminal being reset to the wrong process group.



u. The histor code no longer tries to save the second and subse+uent lines o# a multi-line command i# the #irst line was not saved.

v. The histor saving code now does a better :ob o# saving blan lines in a multi-line command.

w. 6emoved a 7#eature$ that made 7ulimit$ silentl translate 7unlimited$ to the current hard limit, which obscured some ernel error returns.

". %i"ed the grammar so that 7N$ is recogniJed as a reserved word a#ter another reserved word, rather than re+uiring a 7X$ or newline. This means that constructs lie

M M echo a b c X N N

wor as e"pected.

. Conditional commands 88...99/ now per#orm tilde e"pansion on their arguments.

J. oted in the documentation that 7set -a$ will cause #unctions to be

e"ported i# the are de#ined a#ter 7set -a$ is e"ecuted.

aa. hen an interactive login shell starts, i# ! and 'OE re#er to the same director but are not the same string, ! is set to 'OE.

bb. %i"ed 7print#$ to handle invalid #loating point numbers better.

cc. Temporar #iles are now created with random #ilenames, to improve securit.

dd. The readline initialiJation code now binds the custom bash #unctions and e bindings a#ter the readline de#aults are set up.

ee. %i"ed the 7source$ builtin to no longer overwrite a shell #unction$s

argument list, even i# the sourced #ile changes the positional parameters.

##. 5 bug #i" was made in the e"pansion o# 7$ in conte"ts where it should not be split, lie assignment statements.

gg. %i"ed a bug in the parameter substring e"pansion to handle conditional arithmetic e"pressions e"p ; val1 L val2 / without cutting the e"pression o## at the wrong 7L$.

hh. The 7F$ redirection is no longer sub:ect to the current setting o# 7noclobber$, as !O(0D.2 speci#ies.

ii. %i"ed a bug in the conditional command parsing code that caused e"pressions

in parentheses to occasionall be parsed incorrectl.

::. %i"ed a bug in the ...// arithmetic command to allow do...done or M...N to #ollow the // without an intervening list terminator.

. 7print#$ now treats 7VE$ the same as 7Ve$ when per#orming bacslash escape e"pansion #or the 7Ub$ #ormat speci#ier.

ll. hen in !O(0D mode, the shell no longer searches the current director #or a #ile to be sourced with 7.$ or 7source$ i# 7.$ is not in !5T'.

mm. 0nteractive comments are no longer turned o## when !O(0D mode is disabled.

nn. The =0, E=0, 'O(T5E variables are not set i# the are in the shell$s environment when it starts up.

oo. %i"ed a bug in the 7command$ builtin so the e##ect o# a command lie



7command e"ec 4#ile$ is as i# the 7command$ had been omitted.

pp. M#oo8I9N and M#oo89N now wor as in shH3 i# 7#oo$ is not an arra variable.

++. MP#oo8D9N, where D is G, I, or , now wor as in shH3 i# 7#oo$ is not an arra variable.

rr. The shell$s idea o# an absolute pathname now taes into account a possible drive speci#ication on Cgwin and other indows sstems.

ss. %i"ed a bug which caused incorrect parsing o# some multi-character constructs i# the were split across input lines with bacslash-newline line continuation.

tt. %i"ed a bug that caused restricted shell mode to be set inappropriatel when tring to e"ecute a shell script without a leading 7PY$.

uu. (hell #unction de#initions no longer re+uire that the bod be a group command M...N /, as !O(0D.2 re+uires.

vv. The 7cd$ and 7pwd$ builtins now process smlins in pathnames internall and should re+uire man #ewer calls to getcwd/.

ww. %i"ed a bug that caused a pipeline$s process group to be set incorrectl i# one o# the pipeline elements contained a command substitution.

"". %i"ed a bug that caused core dumps when e"panding the value o# '0(T0O6E.

. The output o# 7set$ is now +uoted using $...$ so invisible characters are displaed as escape se+uences.

JJ. %i"ed the help te"t #or 7unset$, since !5T' and 0%( ma both be unset.

aaa. The shell no longer puts director names into the command hash table.

bbb. %i"ed a bug in 7read$ that caused it to occasionall #ree memor twice i# it was interrupted a#ter reading a large amount o# data.

ccc. 5ssignment statements that attempt to assign values to readonl variables now cause the command to return an error status.

ddd. %i"ed a bug that could cause incorrect output i# a #ile/ construct was interrupted.

eee. 6O=!( and %=C5E now return an error status when assignment is attempted, but ma be unset in which case the lose their special

properties/. 0n all respects e"cept unsetting, the are readonl.

###. The string-to-integer conversion code now ignores trailing whitespace in the string, even i# strtol3/ does not.

ggg. The tcsh magic-space #unction now does a better :ob o# inserting the space close to where the point was be#ore the histor e"pansion, rather than :ust appending it.

hhh. %i"ed a bug which caused a #ile sourced #rom an interactive shell to #ill up the :obs table i# it ran lots o# :obs.

iii. %i"ed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code to avoid in#inite

recursion on Jero-length matches.




a. hen setting the terminal attributes on sstems using 7struct termio$, readline waits #or output to drain be#ore changing the attributes.

b. 5 #i" was made to the histor word toeniJation code to avoid attempts to dere#erence a null pointer.

c. 6eadline now de#aults rlAterminalAname to TE6 i# the calling application has le#t it unset, and tries to initialiJe with the resultant value.

d. 0nstead o# calling rlAgetcA#unction// directl to get input in certain places, readline now calls rlAreadAe/ consistentl.

e. %i"ed a bug in the completion code that allowed a bacslash to +uote a single +uote inside a single-+uoted string.

#. rlAprompt is no longer assigned directl #rom the argument to readline/, but uses memor allocated b readline. This allows constant strings to be passed to readline without problems arising when the prompt processing code wants to modi# the string.

g. %i"ed a bug that caused non-interactive histor searches to return the

wrong line when per#orming multiple searches bacward #or the same string.

h. an variables, #unction arguments, and #unction return values are now declared 7const$ where appropriate, to improve behavior when lining with CZZ code.

i. The control character detection code now wors better on sstems where 7char$ is unsigned b de#ault.

:. The vi-mode numeric argument is now capped at HHHHHH, :ust lie emacs mode.

. The %unction, C!%unction, C!!%unction, and ]%unction tpede#s have been replaced with a set o# speci#ic prototped tpede#s, though the are

still in the readline header #iles #or bacwards compatibilit.

m. earl all o# the undocumented/ internal global variables in the librar now have an ArlA pre#i" -- there were a number that did not, lie screenheight, screenwidth, alphabetic, etc.

n. The ding/ convenience #unction has been renamed to rlAding/, though the old #unction is still de#ined #or bacwards compatibilit.

o. The completion convenience #unctions #ilenameAcompletionA#unction, usernameAcompletionA#unction, and completionAmatches now have an rlA pre#i", though the old names are still de#ined #or bacwards compatibilit.

p. The #unctions shared b readline and bash linage is satis#ied #rom bash when compiling with bash, and internall otherwise/ now have an shA pre#i".

+. Changed the shared librar creation procedure on &inu" and B(>O( 4." so that the 7soname$ contains onl the ma:or version number rather than the ma:or and minor numbers.

r. %i"ed a redispla bug that occurred when the prompt spanned more than one phsical line and contained invisible characters.


a. 5dded a new 7--init-#ile$ invocation argument as a snonm #or 7--rc#ile$,

per the new = coding standards.

b. The >dev>tcp and >dev>udp redirections now accept service names as well as port numbers.



c. 7complete$ and 7compgen$ now tae a 7-o value$ option, which controls some o# the aspects o# that compspec. ]alid values areL

de#ault - per#orm bash de#ault completion i# programmable completion produces no matches

dirnames - per#orm director name completion i# programmable completion produces no matches

#ilenames - tell readline that the compspec produces #ilenames, so it can do things lie append slashes to director names and suppress trailing spaces


a. The blin timeout #or paren matching is now settable b applications.

b. ArlAe"ecutingAmacro has been renamed to rlAe"ecutingAmacro, which means it$s now part o# the public inter#ace.

c. 6eadline has a new variable, rlAreadlineAstate, which is a bitmap that encapsulates the current state o# the librarX intended #or use b

callbacs and hoo #unctions.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.G4-release,and the previous version, bash-2.G4-beta^.

1. Changes to Bash

a. Better compile-time and con#igure-time checs #or the necessit o# inetAaton/.

b. 5 bug was #i"ed in the e"pansion o# KMIL-NK when there are positional parameters.

c. 5 tpo was #i"ed in the output o# 7complete$.

d. The matches generated #or a word b the 7-$ argument to complete and compgen are now matched against the word being completed, and onl matches are returned as the result.

e. (ome #i"es were made #or sstems which do not restart read2/ when a signal caught b bash is received.

#. 5 bug was #i"ed which caused the umas to be set to G when an invalid smbolic mode mas was parsed.

g. %i"ed a bug that could cause a core dump i# a (0C'& was received while per#orming an assignment statement using command substitution.

h. Changed the word splitting #unction #or programmable completion so cases in which the cursor is between words are handled a bit better.


a. rlA#unmapAnames/ is now documented.


a. The &CA=E60C variable is now treated speciall, and used to set the

&CA=E60C locale categor #or number #ormatting, e.g., when 7print#$ displas #loating-point numbers.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------



This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.G4-beta^,and the previous version, bash-2.G4-beta4.

1. Changes to Bash

a. 5 couple o# changes were made to the ae#iles #or easier building on non-=ni" sstems.

b. %i"ed a bug where the current prompt would be set to !(2 at startup.

c. The shell script that tests an alread-installed version was changed to remove the director it created its test programs in at e"it.

d. (everal changes were made to the code that toeniJes an input line #or the programmable completion code. (hell metacharacters will now appear as individual words in the word list passed to the completion #unctions. (ome o# the e"ample completion shell #unctions were changed to understand redirection operators.

e. 5 bug was #i"ed that, under obscure circumstances, could con#use the parser when a shell #unction was run b the programmable completion code.

#. 5 bug was #i"ed in the ulimit builtin #or sstems not using getrlimit/.

g. The e"ecution code now propagates the correct e"it status bac to the rest o# the code i# the return value o# a subshell command was being inverted. (ome new test cases #or inverting return values with the 7Y$ reserved word have been added.

h. egative e"ponents in the arithmetic evaluation o# ve now return an evaluation error.

i. 5 bug that caused bash to chec the wrong process in a pipeline #or abnormal termination and conse+uentl resetting the terminal attributes/

was #i"ed.

:. %i"ed a bug that caused !(2 to be displaed a#ter !6O!TACO5 was e"ecuted.


1. %i"ed a bug in a C preprocessor de#ine that caused the epad control #unctions to be compiled out #or all plat#orms e"cept S!!.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.G4-beta4,and the previous version, bash-2.G4-beta3.

1. Changes to Bash

a. 5 couple o# changes were made to the redirection to attempt to avoid race conditions and malicious #ile replacement.

2. 5 change was made to the string evaluation code used #or commandsubstitution, 7eval$, and the 7.$ builtin/ to #i" an obscure core

dump on alpha machines.

3. 5 bug that caused &0EO to be wrong when e"ecuting arithmetic #or commands was #i"ed.

4. 5 couple o# memor leas in the programmable completion code were #i"ed.

^. 5 bug that could cause a core dump b #reeing memor twice during a call to 7eval$ i# 7set -u$ had been enabled and an unde#ined variable was



re#erenced was #i"ed.


1. Changes to Bash

a. Bash should run the appropriate startup #iles when invoed b ssh2.

b. %i"ed a bug in the parsing o# conditional commands that could cause a core dump.

c. %i"ed a bug in parsing :ob speci#ications that occasionall caused core dumps when an out-o#-range :ob was re#erenced.

d. %i"ed the 7tpe$ and 7command$ builtins to do better reporting o# commands that are not #ound in !5T' or the hash table.

e. %i"ed a !O(0D.2 compliance problem in the command builtin -- commands are supposed to be reported as #ull pathnames.

#. The 7echo$ builtin now returns #ailure i# a write error occurs.

g. %i"ed a bug which caused the locale to not be reset correctl when &CA5&& was unset.

h. Changed description o# 7getopts$ in man page and re#erence manual to mae it clear that option characters ma be characters other than letters.

i. 0# the shell e"its while in a #unction, mae sure that an trap on ED0T doesn$t thin the #unction is still e"ecuting.

:. Bashbug now tries harder to #ind a usable editor i# E0TO6 is not set,

rather than simpl de#aulting to 7emacs$.

. Changes to the scripts that guess and canonicaliJe the sstem tpe, #rom the latest 7automae$ distribution via ebian.

l. hen using named pipes #or process substitution, mae sure the #ile descriptors opened #or reading are set to non-blocing mode.

m. %i"ed a bug that caused termination o# pipelines that are illed b a signal to not be reported in some cases.

n. hen not in literal-histor mode, shell comment lines are not added to the histor list.

o. hen running in !O(0D.2 mode, bash no longer per#orms word splitting on the e"panded value o# the word supplied as the #ilename argument to redirection operators.

p. The prompt string decoding code now bacslash-+uotes onl characters that are special within double +uotes when e"panding the Vw and V escape se+uences.

+. %i"ed a bug in the prompt decoding code that could cause a non-interactive shell to seg #ault i# 7Vu$ was used in !(4 and the shell was in "trace mode.

r. %i"ed a bug that caused #unction de#initions to be printed with an redirections that should be attached to the entire #unction be#ore the closing brace.



s. Changed the tilde e"pansion code #or Cgwin sstems to avoid creating pathnames beginning with 7>>$ i# 'OE ?? 7>$.

t. %i"ed a couple o# autocon# tests to avoid creating #iles with #i"ed names in >tmp.

u. The 7trap$ and 7ill$ builtins now now the names o# the !O(0D.1b real- time signals on sstems which support them.


a. %i"ed a problem with the single-+uote +uoting #unction that could cause bu##er over#lows.

b. %i"ed a bug that caused incorrect 7stat characters$ to be printed i# the #iles being completed were in the root director and visible-stats was enabled.


a. There is a new 7rbash.1$ manual page, #rom the ebian release.

b. The 7--enable-usg-echo-de#ault$ option to 7con#igure$ has been renamed to 7--enable-"pg-echo-de#ault$. The old option is still there #or bacwards compatibilit.


1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed a bug that could cause pipes to be closed inappropriatel in some obscure cases.

b. %i"ed a bug that caused creation o# the e"ported environment to clobber the current command string i# there were an e"ported shell #unctions.

c. (ome changes were made to reduce bash$s memor usage.

d. %i"ed a problem with programmable completion and #ilenames to be completed containing +uote characters.

e. Changed the code the removes named pipes created #or the .../ and F.../ e"pansions to de#er removal until a#ter an current shell #unction has #inished e"ecuting.

#. %i"ed a bug in 7select$ which caused it to not handle the 7continue$ builtin correctl.

g. 5utocon# tests added #or cgwin32 and mingw32.


a. The 7--with-bash-malloc$ con#igure option replaces 7--with-gnu-malloc$ which is still there #or bacwards compatibilit/.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.G4-beta1,and the previous version, bash-2.G4-alpha1.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed a bug in the programmable completion code that occurred when



tring to complete command lines containing a 7X$ or 7I$.

b. The #ile descriptor #rom which the shell is reading a script is now moved to a #ile descriptor above the user-addressible range.

c. Changes to 7print#$ so that it can handle integers beginning with G or G" as octal and he", respectivel.

d. %i"es to the programmable completion code so it handles nonsense lie 7compgen -C "J$ grace#ull.

e. The shell no longer modi#ies the signal handler #or (0!6O%, allowing pro#iling again on certain sstems.

#. The shell checs #or a new window siJe, i# the user has re+uested it, a#ter a process e"its due to a signal.

g. %i"ed a bug with variables with null values in a program$s temporar environment and the bash getenv/ replacement.

h. 7declare$ and the other builtins that tae variable assignments as

arguments now honor 7set -a$ and mar modi#ied variables #or e"port.

i. (ome changes were made #or --dump-po-strings mode when writing strings with embedded newlines.

:. The code that caches e"port strings #rom the initial environment now duplicates the string rather than :ust pointing into the environment.

. The #ilename completion +uoting code now uses single +uotes b de#ault i# the #ilename being completed contains newlines, since VnewlineF has a special meaning to the parser.

l. Bash now uses tpede#s bits32At and uAbits32At instead o# int32At and

uAint32At, respectivel to avoid con#licts on certain =ni" versions.

m. Con#iguration changes were made #orL 6hapsod, ac O(, %reeB(-3.".

n. %i"ed a problem with hostname-to-ip-address translation in the >dev>tcp*udp/>hostname>port redirection code.

o. The te"in#o manual has been reorganiJed slightl.

p. %ilename generation globbing/ range comparisons in bracet e"pressions no longer use strcoll3/ even i# it is available, since it has unwanted e##ects in certain locales.

+. %i"ed a cosmetic problem in the source that caused the shell to not compile i# !56EA560T'ET0C was not de#ined but 560T'A%O6ACO5 was.

r. %i"ed a bug in the here-document code tripped when the #ile descriptor opened to the #ile containing the te"t o# the here document was the same as a redirector speci#ied b the user.

s. %i"ed a bug where the 0]E6TA6ET=6 #lag was not being set #or 7pipeline$ in 7time Y pipeline$.

t. %i"ed a bug with the 7wait$ builtin which mani#ested itsel# when an interrupt was received while the shell was waiting #or asnchronous processes in a shell script.

u. %i"ed the EB= trap code so that it has the correct value o# ;.

v. %i"ed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code that could cause



the shell to attempt to #ree unallocated memor i# the pattern started with 7>$ and an e"pansion error occurs.

w. %i"ed a bug in the positional parameter substring code that could cause the shell to loop #reeing #reed memor.

". %i"ed a bug in the positional parameter pattern substitution code so that it correctl handles null replacement strings with a pattern string pre#i"ed with 7U$ or 7P$.

. The shell no longer attempts to import #unctions #rom the environment i# started with 7-n$.

J. %i"ed a bug that caused 7return$ in a command substitution e"ecuted in a shell #unction to return #rom the #unction in a subshell and continue e"ecution.

aa. 7hash -p >pathname>with>slashes name$ is no longer allowed when the shell is restricted.

bb. The wait :ob control #unctions now behave better i# called when there

are no unwaited-#or children.

cc. Command substitution no longer unconditionall disables :ob control in the subshell started to run the command.

dd. 5 bug was #i"ed that occasionall caused traps to mess up the parser state.

ee. 7bashbug$ now honors user headers in the mail message it sends.

##. 5 bug was #i"ed that caused the 7Lp$ histor modi#ier to not print the histor e"pansion i# the 7histveri#$ option was set.


a. %i"ed a bug in the redispla code #or lines with more than 2^\ line breas.

b. 5 bug was #i"ed which caused invisible character marers to not be stripped #rom the prompt string i# the terminal was in no-echo mode.

c. 6eadline no longer tries to get the variables it needs #or redispla #rom the termcap entr i# the calling application has speci#ied its own redispla #unction. 6eadline treats the terminal as 7dumb$ in this case.

d. %i"es to the (00C' code so that a multiple-line prompt with escape se+uences is redrawn correctl.


a. 7bashbug$ now accepts 7--help$ and 7--version$ options.

b. There is a new 7"pgAecho$ option to 7shopt$ that controls the behavior o# echo with respect to bacslash-escaped characters at runtime.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.G4-alpha1,and the previous version, bash-2.G4-devel.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed a bug that could cause core dumps when per#orming substring



e"pansion.

b. (hared ob:ect con#iguration changes #orL (olaris, O(%>1

c. The !O(0DA&OBA&0B656[ code that uses the !O(0D.2 globbing #acilities #or pathname e"pansion now understands &OB0O6E.

d. The code that implements 7eval$ was changed to save the value o# the current prompt, so an eval in a shell #unction called b the programmable completion code will not change the prompt to !(2.

e. 6estored the undocumented OA0TE65CT0]EA&O0A('E&&( Pde#ine to con#ig-top.h. 0# this is de#ined, all login shells will read the startup #iles, not :ust interactive and non-interactive started with the 7--login$ option.

#. %i"ed a bug that caused the e"pansion code to occasionall dump core i# 0%( contained characters F 12R.

g. %i"ed a problem with the grammar so that a newline is not re+uired a#ter the 7//$ in the new-stle arithmetic #or statementX a semicolon

ma be used as e"pected.

h. ]ariable indirection ma now re#erence the shell$s special variables.

i. The $...$ and K...K constructs are now added to the histor correctl i# the contain newlines and command-oriented histor is enabled.

:. 0t is now an error to tr to assign a value to a #unction-local cop o# a readonl shell variable declared with the 7local$ builtin/.


a. The histor #ile code now uses OAB056[ mode when reading and writing

the histor #ile on cgwin32.


a. 5 new programmable completion #acilit, with two new builtin commandsL complete and compgen.

b. con#igure has a new option, 7--enable-progcomp$, to compile in the programmable completion #eatures enabled b de#ault/.

c. 7shopt$ has a new option, 7progcomp$, to enable and disable programmable completion at runtime.

d. =nsetting 'O(T%0&E now clears the list o# hostnames used #or completion.


a. 5 new variable, rlAgnuAreadlineAp, alwas 1. The intent is that an application can veri# whether or not it is lined with the 7real$ readline librar or some substitute.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.G4-devel,and the previous version, bash-2.G3-release.

1. Changes to Bash

a. (stem-speci#ic con#iguration and source changes #orL 0nteri", 6hapsod

b. %i"ed a bug in e"ecuteAcmd.c that resulted in a compile-time error i#



SOBACOT6O& was not de#ined.

c. 5n obscure race condition in the trap code was #i"ed.

d. The string resulting #rom $...$ is now re+uoted to avoid an #urther e"pansion.

e. The $...$ +uoting snta" now allows bacslash to escape a single +uote, #or sh-H3 compatibilit.

#. The K...K +uoting snta" now escapes bacslashes and double +uotes in the translated string when displaing them with the --dump-po-strings option.

g. 7echo -e$ no longer converts V$ to $.

h. %i"es were made to the e"tended globbing code to handle embedded .../ patterns better.

i. (ome improvements were made to the code that unsets 7nodela$ mode on the #ile descriptor #rom which bash is reading input.

:. (ome changes were made to the replacement termcap librar #or better operation on (-O(.

. (ome changes were made to the tilde e"pansion code to handle bacslash as a pathname separator on (-O(.

l. The source has been reorganiJed a little bit -- there is now an 7include$ subdirector, and lib>posi"headers has been removed.

m. 0mprovements were made to the 7read$ builtin so that it maes man #ewer read2/ sstem calls.

n. The e"pansion o# - will include 7c$ and 7s$ when those options are supplied at shell invocation.

o. (everal improvments were made to the completion codeL variable completion now wors better when there are unterminated e"pansions, command completion understands +uotes better, and completion now wors in certain unclosed ... constructs.

p. The arithmetic e"pansion code was #i"ed to not need the value o# a variable being assigned a value #i"es the Kss?GHX let ss?1GK bug/.

+. (ome changes were made to mae e"ported environment creation #aster.

r. The html documentation will be installed into htmldir/ i# that variable has a value when 7mae install$ is run.

s. %i"ed a bug that would cause the bashrc #ile to be sourced inappropriatel when bash is started b sshd.

t. The (('AC&0ET environment variable is no longer auto-e"ported.

u. 5 bug that caused redirections with .../ subshells to be per#ormed in the wrong order was #i"ed.

v. 5 bug that occasionall caused inappropriate e"pansion o# assignment statements in compound arra assignments was #i"ed.

w. The code that parses the words in a compound arra assignment was simpli#ied considerabl and should wor better now.



". %i"es to the non-:ob-control code in no:obs.c to mae it !O(0D.2-compliant when a user attempts to retrieve the status o# a terminated bacground process.

. %i"es to the 7print#$ builtin so that it doesn$t tr to e"pand all bacslash escape se+uences in the #ormat string be#ore parsing it #or U #ormat speci#iers.


a. The histor librar tries to truncate the histor #ile onl i# it is a regular #ile.

b. 5 bug that caused ArlAdispatch to address negative arra indices on sstems with signed chars was #i"ed.

c. rl-an-nth-arg now leaves the histor position the same as when it was called.

d. Changes to the completion code to handle (-O( drive-letterLpathname #ilenames.

e. Completion is now case-insensitive b de#ault on (-O(.

#. %i"es to the histor #ile manipulation code #or (-O(.

g. 6eadline attempts to bind the arrow es to appropriate de#aults on (-O(.

h. (ome #i"es were made to the redispla code #or better operation on (-O(.

i. The +uoted-insert code will now insert tt special chars lie C.

:. 5 bug was #i"ed that caused the displa code to re#erence memor be#ore the start o# the prompt string.

. ore support #or AAEDAA O(>2/.

l. 5 bug was #i"ed in readline$s signal handling that could cause in#inite recursion in signal handlers.

m. 5 bug was #i"ed that caused the point to be less than Jero when rlA#orward was given a ver large numeric argument.

n. The vi-mode code now gets characters via the application-settable value o# rlAgetcA#unction rather than calling rlAgetc directl.


a. The histor builtin has a 7-d o##set$ option to delete the histor entr at position 7o##set$.

b. The prompt e"pansion code has two new escape se+uencesL V:, the number o# active :obsX and Vl, the basename o# the shell$s tt device name.

c. The 7bind$ builtin has a new 7-"$ option to bind e se+uences to shell commands.

d. There is a new shell option, noAemptAcommandAcompletion, which, when enabled, disables command completion when T5B is tped on an empt line.

e. The 7help$ builtin has a 7-s$ option to :ust print a builtin$s usage snopss.

#. There are several new arithmetic operatorsL idZZ, id-- variable



post-increment>decrement/, ZZid, --id variabl pre-increment>decrement/, e"pr1 , e"pr2 comma operator/.

g. There is a new sh-H3 stle arithmetic #or commandL#or e"pr1 X e"pr2X e"pr3 //X do listX done

h. The 7read$ builtin has a number o# new optionsL-t timeout onl wait timeout seconds #or input-n nchars onl read nchars #rom input instead o# a #ull line-d delim read until delim rather than newline-s don$t echo input chars as the are read

i. The redirection code now handles several #ilenames speciallL >dev>#d>, >dev>stdin, >dev>stdout, and >dev>stderr, whether or not the are present in the #ile sstem.

:. The redirection code now recogniJes pathnames o# the #orm >dev>tcp>host>port and >dev>udp>host>port, and tries to open a socet o# the appropriate tpe to the speci#ied port on the speci#ied host.

. The sh-H3 MYpre#i"N e"pansion, which e"pands to the names o# all

shell variables whose names start with pre#i", has been implemented.

l. There is a new dnamic variable, %=C5E, which e"pands to the name o# a currentl-e"ecuting #unction. 5ssignments to %=C5E have no e##ect.

m. The 6O=!( variable is no longer readonlX assignments to it are silentl discarded. This means it can be unset.


a. !arentheses matching is now alwas compiled into readline, and enabled or disabled when the value o# the 7blin-matching-paren$ variable is changed.

b. (-O( sstems now use @>Ainputrc as the last-ditch inputrc #ilename.

c. (-O( sstems now use @>Ahistor as the de#ault histor #ile.

d. histor-search-M#orward,bacwardN now leave the point at the end o# the line when the string to search #or is empt, lie Mreverse,#orwardN-search-histor.

e. histor-search-M#orward,bacwardN now leave the last histor line #ound in the readline bu##er i# the second or subse+uent search #ails.

#. ew #unction #or use b applicationsL rlAonAnewAlineAwithAprompt, used

when an application displas the prompt itsel# be#ore calling readline/.

g. ew variable #or use b applicationsL rlAalreadAprompted. 5n application that displas the prompt itsel# be#ore calling readline/ must set this to a non-Jero value.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.G3-release,and the previous version, bash-2.G3-beta2.

1. Changes to Bash

a. 5 #ile descriptor lea in the 7#c$ builtin was #i"ed.

b. 5 bug was #i"ed in the 7read$ builtin that caused occasional spurious #ailures when using 7read -e$.



c. The version code needed to use the value o# the cpp variable CO%A5C'T[!E rather than 5C'T[!E.

d. 5 new test was added to e"ercise the command printing and coping code.

e. 5 bug was #i"ed that caused 7time$ to be recogniJed as a reserved word i# it was the #irst pattern in a 7case$ statement pattern list.


1. Changes to Bash

a. (light additions to support>shob:-con#, mostl #or the bene#it o# 50D 4.2.

b. con#ig.Mguess,subN support added #or the EC (D4.

c. Changed some o# the cross-compiling sections o# the con#igure macros in aclocal.m4 so that con#igure won$t abort.

d. (light changes to how the 'T& versions o# the bash and readline manuals are generated.

e. %i"ed conditional command printing to avoid interpreting print# 7U$-escapes in arguments to 88.

#. on$t include the bash malloc on all variants o# the alpha processor.

g. Changes to con#igure to mae --enable-pro#iling wor on (olaris 2.".

h. %i"ed a bug that mani#ested itsel# when shell #unctions were called between calls to 7getopts$.

i. %i"ed pattern substitution so that a bare 7P$as a pattern causes the replacement string to be pre#i"ed to the search string, and a bare 7U$ causes the replacement string to be appended to the search string.

:. %i"ed a bug in the command e"ecution code that caused child processes to occasionall have the wrong value #or Y.


a. 5dded code to the histor librar to catch histor substitutions using 7)$ without a previous histor substitution or search having been per#ormed.



a. ew bindable variableL 7isearch-terminators$.

b. ew bindable #unctionL 7#orward-bacward-delete-char$ unbound b de#ault/.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.G3-beta1,and the previous version, bash-2.G3-alpha. 1. Changes to Bash

a. 5 change was made to the help te"t #or 7M...N$ to mae it clear that a semicolon is re+uired be#ore the closing brace.



b. 5 #i" was made to the 7test$ builtin so that snta" errors cause test to return an e"it status F 1.

c. lobbing is no longer per#ormed on assignment statements that appear as arguments to 7assignment builtins$ such as 7e"port$.

d. (stem-speci#ic con#iguration changes were made #orL 6hapsod, 50D 4.2>gcc, B(>O( 4.G.

e. ew loadable builtinsL ln, unlin.

#. (ome #i"es were made to the globbing code to handle e"tended glob patterns which immediatel #ollow a 7$.

g. 5 #i" was made to the command printing code to ensure that redirections #ollowing compound commands have a space separating them #rom the rest o# the command.

h. The pathname canonicaliJation code was changed to produce #ewer leading 7>>$ se+uences, since those are interpreted as networ #ile sstem pathnames on some sstems.

i. 5 #i" was made so that loops containing 7eval$ commands in commands passed to 7bash -c$ would not e"it prematurel.

:. (ome changes were made to the :ob reaping code when the shell is not interactive, so the shell will retain e"it statuses longer #or e"amination b 7wait$.

. 5 #i" was made so that 7:obs * command$ wors again.

l. The erroneous compound arra assignment var?...// is now a snta" error.

m. 5 change was made to the dnamic loading code in 7enable$ to support

Tenon$s achTen.

n. 5 #i" was made to the globbing code so that e"tended globbing patterns will correctl match 7.$ in a bracet e"pression.


a. 5 #i" was made to the completion code in which a tpo caused the wrong value to be passed to the #unction that computed the longest common pre#i" o# the list o# matches.

b. The completion code now checs the value o# rlA#ilenameAcompletionAdesired, which is set b application-supplied completion #unctions to indicate

that #ilename completion is being per#ormed, to decide whether or not to call an application-supplied 7ignore completions$ #unction.


a. 5 change was made to the startup #ile code so that an shell begun with the 7--login$ option, even non-interactive shells, will source the login shell startup #iles.


a. 5 new variable, rlAeraseAemptAline, which, i# set b an application using readline, will cause readline to erase, prompt and all, lines on which the

onl thing tped was a newline.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.G3-alpha,



and the previous version, bash-2.G2.1-release.

1. Changes to Bash

a. (stem-speci#ic con#iguration changes were made #orL 0ri" \.", =ni"ware W.

b. The te"i2dvi and te"i2html scripts were updated to the latest versions #rom the net.

c. The con#igure tests that determine which native tpe is 32 bits were changed to not re+uire a compiled program.

d. %i"ed a bug in shellAe"ecve that could cause memor to be #reed twice a#ter a #ailed e"ec.

e. The 7print#$ test uses 7di## -a$ i# it$s available to prevent con#usion due to the non-ascii output.

#. (hared ob:ect con#iguration is now per#ormed b a shell script, support>shob:-con#, which generates values to be substituted into mae#iles b con#igure.

g. (ome changes were made to 7ulimit$ to avoid the use o# 6&0A0]5&0 as a return value.

h. Changes were made to 7ulimit$ to wor around '!=D H."$s peculiar handling o# 6&00TA%0&E(0QE.

i. (ome new loadable builtins were addedL id, printenv, snc, whoami, push, mdir. 7pushd$, 7popd$, and 7dirs$ can now be built as regular or loadable builtins #rom the same source #ile.

:. Changes were made to 7print#$ to handle =& btes in the e"panded #ormat string.

. The various 7mae clean$ ae#ile targets now descend into lib>sh.

l. The 7tpe$ builtin was changed to use the internal 7getopt$ so that things lie 7tpe -ap$ wor as e"pected.

m. There is a new con#iguration option, --with-installed-readline, to lin bash with a locall-installed version o# readline. Onl readline version 4.G and later releases can support this. (hared and static libraries are supported. The installed include #iles are used.

n. There is a new autocon# macro used to #ind which basic tpe is \4 bits.

o. namic lining and loadable builtins should now wor on (CO 3.2v^, 50D 4.2 with gcc, =ni"ware W, and man other sstems using gcc, where the 7-shared$ options wors correctl.

p. 5 bug was #i"ed in the bash #ilename completion code that caused memor to be #reed twice i# a director name containing an unset variable was completed and the -u option was set.

+. The prompt e"pansion code now +uotes the 7$ in the 7V$ e"pansion so it is not processed b subse+uent parameter e"pansion.

r. %i"ed a parsing bug that caused a single or double +uote a#ter a 7$ to trigger 5(0 C e"pansion or locale translation.

s. %i"ed a bug in the globbing code that caused +uoted #ilenames containing no globbing characters to sometimes be incorrectl e"panded.



t. Changes to the de#ault prompt strings i# prompt string decoding is not compiled into the shell.

u. 5dded 7do$, 7then$, 7else$, 7M$, and 7$ to the list o# ewords that ma precede the 7time$ reserved word.

v. The shell ma now be cross-built #or BeO( as well as cgwin32.

w. The conditional command e"ecution code now treats 7?$ the same as 7??$ #or deciding when to per#orm pattern matching.

". The 7-e$ option no longer causes the shell to e"it i# a command e"its with a non-Jero status while running the startup #iles.

. The 7print#$ builtin no longer dumps core i# a modi#ier is supplied in the #ormat string without a conversion character e.g. 7Uh$/.

J. 5rra assignments o# the #orm a?.../ no longer show up in the histor list.

aa. The parser was #i"ed to obe the !O(0D.2 rules #or #inding the closing

7N$ in a M...N e"pression.

bb. The histor #ile is now opened with mode G\GG rather than G\\\, so bash no longer relies on the user$s umas being set appropriatel.

cc. (etting &5 no longer causes &CA5&& to be assigned a valueX bash now relies on proper behavior #rom the C librar.

dd. inor changes were made to allow +uoted variable e"pansions using M...N to be completed correctl i# there is no closing 7K$.

ee. Changes were made to builtins>ae#ile.in so that con#iguring the shell with 7--enable-pro#iling$ wors right and builtins>mbuiltins is

generated.


a. The version number is now 4.G.

b. There is no longer an Pi#de# ('E&& code in the source #iles.

c. (ome changes were made to the e binding code to #i" memor leas and better support in32 sstems.

d. %i"ed a sill tpo in the paren matching code -- it$s microseconds, not milliseconds.

e. The readline librar should be compilable b CZZ compilers.

#. The readline.h public header #ile now includes #unction prototpes #or all readline #unctions, and some changes were made to #i" errors in the source #iles uncovered b the use o# prototpes.

g. The ma"imum numeric argument is now clamped at 1GGGGGG.

h. %i"es to rlAanAlastAarg to mae it behave better.

i. %i"ed a bug in the displa code that caused core dumps i# the prompt string length e"ceeded 1G24 characters.

:. The menu completion code was #i"ed to properl insert a single completion i# there is onl one match.



. 5 bug was #i"ed that caused the displa code to improperl displa tabs a#ter newlines.


a. ew 7shopt$ option, 7restrictedAshell$, indicating whether or not the shell was started in restricted mode, #or use in startup #iles.

b. %ilename generation is now per#ormed on the words between and / in arra assignments which it probabl should have done all along/.

c. O&! is now auto-e"ported, as !O(0D.2 seems to re+uire.

d. E] and B5('AE] are read-onl variables in a restricted shell.


a. an changes to the signal handlingLo 6eadline now catches (0<=0T and cleans up the tt be#ore returningXo 5 new variable, rlAcatchAsignals, is available to application writersto indicate to readline whether or not it should install its own

signal handlers #or (00T, (0TE6, (0<=0T, (05&6, (0T(T!, (0TT0, and (0TTO=Xo 5 new variable, rlAcatchAsigwinch, is available to application writers to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its own signal handler #or (00C', which will chain to the calling applications$s (00C' handler, i# one is installedXo There is a new #unction, rlA#reeAlineAstate, #or application signal handlers to call to #ree up the state associated with the current line a#ter receiving a signalXo There is a new #unction, rlAcleanupAa#terAsignal, to clean up the displa and terminal state a#ter receiving a signalXo There is a new #unction, rlAresetAa#terAsignal, to reinitialiJe the terminal and displa state a#ter an application signal handler

returns and readline continues

b. There is a new #unction, rlAresiJeAterminal, to reset readline$s idea o# the screen siJe a#ter a (00C'.

c. ew public #unctionsL rlAsaveAprompt and rlArestoreAprompt. These were previousl private #unctions with a 7A$ pre#i".

d. ew #unction hooL rlApreAinputAhoo, called :ust be#ore readline starts reading input, a#ter initialiJation.

e. ew #unction hooL rlAdisplaAmatchesAhoo, called when readline would displa the list o# completion matches. The new #unction

rlAdisplaAmatchAlist is what readline uses internall, and is available #or use b application #unctions called via this hoo.

#. ew bindable #unction, delete-char-or-list, lie tcsh.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.G2.1-release,and the previous version, bash-2.G2-release.

1. Changes to Bash

a. 5 bug that caused the bash readline support to not compile unless aliases and csh-stle histor were con#igured into the shell was #i"ed.

b. %i"ed a bug that could cause a core dump when here documents contained more than 1GGG characters.



c. %i"ed a bug that caused a C!5T' entr o# KK to not be treated the same as the current director when in !O(0D mode.

d. %i"ed an alignment problem with the memor returned b the bash malloc, so returned memor is now \4-bit aligned.

e. %i"ed a bug that caused command substitutions e"ecuted within pipelines to put the terminal in the wrong process group.

#. %i"es to support>con#ig.sub #orL alphas, (CO Open (erver and Open estop, =ni"ware 2, and =ni"ware W.

g. %i"es to the pattern matching code to mae it wor correctl #or eight-bit characters.

h. %i"ed a problem that occasionall caused the shell to displa the wrong value #or the new woring director when changing to a director #ound in C!5T' when in phsical mode.

i. %i"ed a bug that caused core dumps when using conditional commands in shell #unctions.

:. %i"ed a bug that caused the print# builtin to loop #orever i# the #ormat string did not consume an o# the arguments.

. %i"ed a bug in the parameter e"pansion code that caused KIK to be incorrectl split i# 0%( did not contain a space character.

l. %i"ed a bug that could cause a core dump when completing hostnames i# the number o# matching hostnames was an e"act multiple o# 1\.

m. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to #or too earl when a command such as 7U2 )$ was given.


a. %i"ed a problem with redispla that showed up when the prompt string was longer than the screen width and the prompt contained invisible characters.


1. Changes to Bash

a. 5 bug was #i"ed that caused the terminal process group to be set incorrectl when per#orming command substitution o# builtins in a

pipeline.


1. Changes to Bash

a. 5ttempting to 7wait$ #or stopped :obs now generates a warning message.

b. !ipelines which e"it due to (0!0!E in non-interactive shells are now not reported i# the shell is compiled -OTA6E!O6TA(0!0!E.

c. (ome changes were made to builtins>psiJe.sh and support>bashbug.sh to attempt to avoid some >tmp #ile races and surreptitious #ile substitutions.



d. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell not to compile i# con#igured with dparen arithmetic but without aliases.

e. %i"ed a bug that caused the input stream to be switched when assigning empt arras with 7bash -c$.

#. 5 bug was #i"ed in the readline e"pansion glue code that caused bash to dump core when e"panding lines with an unclosed single +uote.

g. 5 #i" was made to the 7cd$ builtin so that using a non-empt director #rom C!5T' results in an absolute pathname o# the new current woring director to be displaed a#ter the current director is changed.

h. %i"ed a bug in the variable assignment code that caused the shell to dump core when re#erencing an unset variable with 7set -u$ enabled in an assignment statement preceding a command.

i. %i"ed a bug in the e"it trap code that caused reserved words to not be recogniJed under certain circumstances.

:. %i"ed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code so that +uote

removal is per#ormed.

. The shell should now con#igure correctl on 5pple 6hapsod sstems.

l. The 7ill$ builtin now prints a usage message i# it is not passed an arguments.


1. Changes to Bash

a. 5 #ew compilation bugs were #i"ed in the new e"tended globbing code.

b. E"ecuting arithmetic commands now sets the command name to 7$ so error messages loo right.

c. %i"ed some build problems with various con#iguration options.

d. The 7print#$ builtin now aborts immediatel i# an illegal #ormat character is encountered.

e. The code that creates here-documents now behaves better i# the #ile it$s tring to create alread e"ists #or some reason.

#. %i"ed a problem with the e"tended globbing code that made patterns lie 7"Z$ e"pand incorrectl.

g. The prompt string e"pansion code no longer +uotes tildes with bacslashes.

h. The bash getcwd/ implementation in lib>sh>getcwd.c now behaves better in the presence o# lstat2/ #ailures.

i. %i"ed a bug with strsub/ that caused core dumps when e"ecuting 7#c -s$.

:. The mail checing code now ensures that it has a valid de#ault mailpath.

. 5 bug was #i"ed that caused local variables to be unset inappropriatel

when sourcing a script #rom within another sourced script.

l. 5 bug was #i"ed in the histor saving code so that #unctions are saved in the histor list correctl i# 7cmdhist$ is enabled, but 7lithist$



is not.

m. 5 bug was #i"ed that caused print# over#lows when displaing error messages.

n. 0t should be easier to build the loadble builtins in e"amples>loadables, though some manual editing o# the generated ae#ile is still re+uired.

o. The user$s primar group is now alwas M6O=!(8G9N.

p. (ome updates were made to support>con#ig.guess #rom the = master cop.

+. (ome changes were made to the autocon# support #or (olaris 2.\ large #iles.

r. The 7command$ builtins now does the right thing when con#str3/ cannot #ind a value #or AC(A!5T'.

s. E"tended globbing e"pressions lie 7.Yc/$ are not histor e"panded i# 7e"tglob$ is enabled.

t. =sing the 7-!$ option to 7cd$ will #orce the value that is assigned to ! to not contain an smbolic lins.


a. The code that prints completion listings now behaves better i# one or more o# the #ilenames contains non-printable characters.

b. The time dela when showing matching parentheses is now G.^ seconds.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.G2-alpha1,and the previous version, bash-2.G1.1-release.

1. Changes to Bash

a. O(-speci#ic con#iguration changes #orL B(>O( 3.", ini" 2.", (olaris 2.\, (00D (]64.

b. Changes were made to the generated 7in#o$ #iles so that 7install-in#o$ wors correctl.

c. ! is now auto-e"ported.

d. 5 #i" was made to the pipeline code to mae sure that the shell #ors to e"ecute simple commands consisting solel o# assignment statements.

e. Changes to the test suite #or sstems with 14-character #ilenames.

#. The de#ault siJes o# some internal hash tables have been made smaller to reduce the shell$s memor #ootprint.

g. The 7...//$ arithmetic command is now e"ecuted directl instead o# being translated into 7let K...K$.

h. %i"es were made to the e"pansion code so that KK, KIK, KMarra8I9NK, and KMarra8I9NK e"pand correctl when 0%( does not contain a space character, is unset, or is set to =&&.

i. The indirect e"pansion code MYvarN/ was changed so that the onl valid values o# 7var$ are variable names, positional parameters, 7P$, 7I$, and 7$.



:. 5n arithmetic e"pression error in a ...// e"pansion now causes a non-interactive shell running in posi" mode to e"it.

. Compound arra assignment now splits the words within the parentheses on shell metacharacters lie the parser would be#ore e"pansing them and per#orming the assignment. This is #or compatibilit with sh-H3.

l. The internal shell bacslash-+uoting code used in the output o# 7set$ and completion/ now +uotes tildes i# the appear at the start o# the string or a#ter a 7?$ or 7L$.

m. 5 couple o# bugs with 7shopt -o$ were #i"ed.

n. 7bash Zo$ now displas the same output as 7set Zo$ be#ore starting an interactive shell.

o. 5 bug that caused command substitution and the 7eval$ builtin to occasionall #ree memor twice when an error was encountered was #i"ed.

p. The #ilename globbing code no longer re+uires read permission #or a director when the #ilename to be matched does not contain an globbing

characters, as !O(0D.2 speci#ies.

+. 5 bug was #i"ed so that the :ob containing the last asnchronous process is not removed #rom the :ob table until a 7wait$ is e"ecuted #or that process or another asnchronous process is started. This satis#ies a !O(0D.2 re+uirement.

r. 5 7select$ bug was #i"ed so that a non-numeric user response is treated the same as a numeric response that is out o# range.

s. The shell no longer parses the value o# ('E&&O!T( #rom the environment i# it is restricted, running setuid, or running in 7privileged mode$.

t. %i"es were made to enable large #ile support on sstems such as (olaris 2.\, where the siJe o# a #ile ma be larger than can be held in an 7int$.

u. The #ilename hashing code was #i"ed to not add 7.>$ to the beginning o# #ilenames which alread begin with 7.>$.

v. The con#igure script was changed so that the = termcap librar is not compiled in i# 7pre#er-curses$ has been speci#ied.

w. '0(TCOT6O& and '0(T0O6E are no longer applied to the second and subse+uent lines o# a multi-line command.

". 5 #i" was made to 7disown$ so that it does a better :ob o# catching out-o#-range :obs.

. on-interactive shells no longer report the status o# processes terminated due to (00T, even i# the standard output is a terminal.

J. 5 bug that caused the output o# 7:obs$ to have e"tra carriage returns was #i"ed.

aa. 5 bug that caused !0!E(T5T=( to not be set when builtins or shell #unctions were e"ecuted in the #oreground was #i"ed.

bb. Bash now attempts to detect when it is being run b sshd, and treats

that case identicall to being run b rshd.

cc. 5 bug that caused 7set -a$ to e"port ('E&&O!T( when one o# the shell options was changed was #i"ed.



dd. The 7ill$ builtin now disallows empt or missing process id arguments instead o# treating them as identical to 7G$, which means the current process.

ee. 7var?value declare -" var$ now behaves identicall to 7var?value e"port var$. (imilarl #or 7var?value declare -r var$ and 7var?value readonl var$.

##. 5 #ew memor leas were #i"ed.

gg. 7alias$ and 7unalias$ now print error messages when passed an argument that is not an alias #or printing or deletion, even when the shell is not interactive, as !O(0D.2 speci#ies.

hh. 7alias$ and 7alias -p$ now return a status o# G when no aliases are de#ined, as !O(0D.2 speci#es.

ii. 7cd -$ now prints the pathname o# the new woring director i# the shell is interactive.

::. 5 #i" was made so that the code that binds ! now copes with getcwd/ returning =&&.

. 7unset$ now checs whether or not a #unction name it$s tring to unset is a valid shell identi#ier onl when the shell is running in posi" mode.

ll. 5 change was made to the code that generates #ilenames #or here documents to mae them less prone to name collisions.

mm. The parser was changed so that 7time$ is recogniJed as a reserved word onl at the beginning o# a pipeline.

nn. The pathname canonicaliJation code was changed so that 7>>$ is converted

into 7>$, but all other pathnames beginning with 7>>$ are le#t alone, as !O(0D.2 speci#ies.

oo. The 7logout$ builtin will no longer e"it a non-interactive non-login shell.


a. %i"ed a problem in the readline test program rltest.c that caused a core dump.

b. The code that handles parser directives in inputrc #iles now displas more error messages.

c. The histor e"pansion code was #i"ed so that the appearance o# the histor comment character at the beginning o# a word inhibits histor e"pansion #or that word and the rest o# the input line.


a. 5 new version o# malloc, based on the older = malloc, that has man changes, is more page-based, is more conservative with memor usage, and does not 7orphan$ large blocs when the are #reed.

b. 5 new version o# gmalloc, based on the old &0BC malloc, with man changes and range checing included b de#ault.

c. 5 new implementation o# #nmatch3/ that includes #ull !O(0D.2 Basic 6egular E"pression matching, including character classes, collating smbols, e+uivalence classes, and support #or case-insensitive pattern



matching.

d. sh-RR egrep-stle e"tended pattern matching 8IZ;Y9patlist// has been implemented, controlled b a new 7shopt$ option, 7e"tglob$.

e. There is a new sh-lie 788$ compound command, which implements e"tended 7test$ #unctionalit.

#. There is a new 7print#$ builtin, implemented according to the !O(0D.2 speci#ication.

g. There is a new #eature #or command substitutionL #ilename/ now e"pands to the contents o# 7#ilename$, with an trailing newlines removed e+uivalent to cat #ilename//.

h. There are new tilde pre#i"es which e"pand to directories #rom the director stac.

i. There is a new 7$ arithmetic operator to do e"ponentiation.

:. There are new con#iguration options to control how bash is linedL

7--enable-pro#iling$, to allow bash to be pro#iled with gpro#, and 7--enable-static-lin$, to allow bash to be lined staticall.

. There is a new con#iguration option, 7--enable-cond-command$, which controls whether or not the 788$ command is included. 0t is on b de#ault.

l. There is a new con#iguration option, 7--enable-e"tended-glob$, which controls whether or not the sh e"tended globbing #eature is included. 0t is enabled b de#ault.

m. There is a new con#iguration Pde#ine in con#ig.h.top that, when enabled, will cause all login shells to source >etc>pro#ile and one o# the user-

speci#ic login shell startup #iles, whether or not the shell is interactive.

n. There is a new invocation option, 7--dump-po-strings$, to dump a shell script$s translatable strings K...K/ in = 7po$ #ormat.

o. There is a new 7shopt$ option, 7nocaseglob$, to enable case-insensitive pattern matching when globbing #ilenames and using the 7case$ construct.

p. There is a new 7shopt$ option, 7hupone"it$, which, when enabled, causes the shell to send (0'=! to all :obs when an interactive login shell e"its.

+. 7bind$ has a new 7-u$ option, which taes a readline #unction name as an argument and unbinds all e se+uences bound to that #unction in a speci#ied emap.

r. 7disown$ now has 7-a$ and 7-r$ options, to limit operation to all :obs and running :obs, respectivel.

s. The 7shopt$ 7-p$ option now causes output to be displaed in a reusable #ormat.

t. 7test$ has a new 7-$ option, which returns true i# the #ilename argument has been modi#ied since it was last accessed.

u. 7umas$ now has a 7-p$ option to print output in a reusable #ormat.

v. 5 new escape se+uence, 7V"$, has been added to the 7echo -e$ and $...$ translation code. 0t e"pands to the character whose ascii code is



in he"adecimal.

w. The prompt string e"pansion code has a new 7Vr$ escape se+uence.

". The shell ma now be cross-compiled #or the C[032 environment on a =ni" machine.


a. There is now an option #or 7iterative$ an-last-arg handline, so a user can eep entering 7-.$, aning the last argument o# successive histor lines.

b. ew variable, 7print-completions-horiJontall$, which causes completion matches to be displaed across the screen lie 7ls -"$/ rather than up and down the screen lie 7ls$/.

c. ew variable, 7completion-ignore-case$, which causes #ilename completion and matching to be per#ormed case-insensitivel.

d. There is a new bindable command, 7magic-space$, which causes histor

e"pansion to be per#ormed on the current readline bu##er and a space to be inserted into the result.

e. There is a new bindable command, 7menu-complete$, which enables tcsh-lie menu completion successive e"ecutions o# menu-complete insert a single completion match, ccling through the list o# possible completions/.

#. There is a new bindable command, 7paste-#rom-clipboard$, #or use on in32 sstems, to insert the te"t #rom the in32 clipboard into the editing bu##er.

g. The e se+uence translation code now understands print#-stle bacslash escape se+uences, including V octal escapes. These escape se+uences

ma be used in e se+uence de#initions or macro values.

h. 5n 7include$ inputrc #ile parser directive has been added.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.G1.1-release,and the previous version, bash-2.G1-release.

1. Changes to Bash

a. The select command was #i"ed to chec the validit o# the user$s input more strenuousl.

b. 5 bug was #i"ed that prevented 7time$ #rom timing commands correctl when supplied as an argument to 7bash -c$.

c. 5 #i" was made to the mail checing code to eep #rom adding the same mail #ile to the list o# #iles to chec multiple times when parsing 50&!5T'.

d. %i"ed an o##-b-one error in the tilde e"pansion librar.

e. hen using the compound arra assignment snta", the old value o# the arra is cleared be#ore assigning the new value.

#. %i"ed a bug that could cause a core dump when a trap handler was reset

to the de#ault in the trap command associated with that signal.

g. %i"ed a bug in the locale code that occurred when assigning a value to &CA5&&.



h. 5 change was made to the parser so that words o# the #orm """?.../ are not considered compound assignment statements unless there are characters be#ore the 7?$.

i. 5 #i" was made to the command tracing code to correctl +uote each word o# output.

:. (ome changes were made to the bash-speci#ic autocon# tests to mae them more portable.

. Completion o# words with globbing characters now correctl +uotes the result.

l. The director >var>spool>mail is now pre#erred to >usr>spool>mail when con#igure is deciding on the de#ault mail director.

m. The brace completion code was #i"ed to not +uote the 7M$ and 7N$.

n. (ome #i"es were made to mae 65O more random in subshells.

o. (stem-speci#ic changes were made to con#igure #orL (]64.2

p. Changes were made so that completion o# words containing globbing chars substitutes the result onl i# a single #ilename was matched.

+. The window siJe is now recomputed a#ter a :ob is stopped with (0T(T! i# the user has set 7checwinsiJe$ with 7shopt$.

r. hen doing substring e"pansion, out-o#-range substring speci#iers now cause nothing to be substituted rather than an e"pansion error.

s. 5 #i" was made so that ou can no longer trap 7(0ED0T$ or 7(0EB=$ -- onl 7ED0T$ and 7EB=$ are accepted.

t. The displa o# trapped signals now uses the signal number i# signals #or which bash does not now the name are trapped.

u. 5 #i" was made so that 7bash -r$ does not turn on restricted mode until a#ter the startup #iles are e"ecuted.

v. 5 bug was #i"ed that occasionall caused a core dump when a variable #ound in the temporar environment o# e"port>declare>readonl had a null value.

w. 5 bug that occasionall caused unallocated memor to be passed to #ree/ when doing arithmetic substitution was #i"ed.

". 5 bug that caused a bu##er overrun when e"panding a prompt string containing 7Vw$ and MP!N e"ceeded !5T'A5D was #i"ed.

. 5 problem with the completion code that occasionall caused it to re#er to a character be#ore the beginning o# the readline line bu##er was #i"ed.

J. 5 bug was #i"ed so that the 7read$ builtin restarts reads when interrupted b signals other than (00T.

aa. %i"ed a bug that caused a command to be #reed twice when there was an evaluation error in the 7eval$ command.


a. 5dded a missing 7e"tern$ to a declaration in readline.h that ept



readline #rom compiling cleanl on some sstems.

b. The histor #ile is now opened with mode G\GG when it is written #or better securit.

c. Changes were made to the (00C' handling code so that prompt redispla is done better.

d. now interrupts incremental searches correctl.

e. 5 bug that caused a core dump when the set o# characters to be +uoted when completing words was empt was #i"ed.


1. Changes to Bash

a. The 7distclean$ target should remove the 7printenv$ e"ecutable i# it has been created.

b. The test suite was changed slightl to ensure that the error messages are printed in English.

c. 5 bug that caused the shell to dump core when a #ilename containing a 7>$ was passed to 7hash$ was #i"ed.

d. !athname canonicaliJation now leaves a leading 7>>$ intact, as !O(0D.1 re+uires.

e. 5 memor lea when completing commands was #i"ed.

#. 5 memor lea that occurred when checing the hash table #or commands

with relative paths was #i"ed.


1. Changes to Bash

a. The 7ulimit$ builtin translates 6&0A0%00T[ to the hard limit onl i# the current so#t/ limit is less than or e+ual to the hard limit.

b. %i"ed a bug that caused the bash emulation o# strcasecmp to produce incorrect results.

c. 5 bug that caused memor to be #reed twice when a trap handler resets the trap more than once was #i"ed.

d. 5 bug that caused machines where siJeo# pointer/ F siJeo# int/ to #ail and possibl dump core/ when tring to unwind-protect a null pointer was #i"ed.

e. The startup #iles should not be run with :ob control enabled. This #i" allows (00T to once again interrupt startup #ile e"ecution.

#. Bash should not change the (0!6O% handler i# it is set to something other than (0A%&.

g. The completion code that provides bash-speci#ic completions #or readline now +uotes characters that the readline code would treat as word brea characters i# the appear in a #ile name.



h. The completion code now correctl +uotes #ilenames containing a 7Y$, even i# the user attempted to use double +uotes when attempting completion.

i. 5 bug that caused the shell to dump core when 7disown$ was called without arguments and there was no current :ob was #i"ed.

:. 5 construct lie #oo/Xbar/ is now processed as a command substitution rather than as a bad arithmetic substitution.

. 5 couple o# bugs that caused 7#c$ to not obe the 7cmdhist$ and 7lithist$ shell options when editing and re-e"ecuting a series o# commands were #i"ed.

l. 5 #i" was made to the grammar -- the list o# commands between 7do$ and 7done$ in the bod o# a 7#or$ command should be treated the same as a while loop.


a. 5 couple o# bugs that caused the histor search #unctions to attempt to #ree a =&& pointer were #i"ed.

b. 0# the C librar provides setlocale3/, readline does not need to loo at various environment variables to decide whether or not to go into eight-bit mode automaticall -- :ust chec whether the current locale is not 7C$ or 7!O(0D$.

c. 0# the #ilename completion #unction #inds that a director was not closed b a previous interrupted/ completion, it closes the director with closedir/.


a. ew bindable readline commandsL histor-and-alias-e"pand-line and alias-e"pand-line. The code was alwas in there, there was :ust no wa to e"ecute it.


1. Changes to Bash

a. %i"ed a problem that could cause #ile descriptors used #or process substitution to con#lict with those used e"plicitl in redirections.

b. ade it easier to regenerate con#igure i# the user changes con#igure.in.

c. M6O=!(8G9N should alwas be the primar group, even on sstems without multiple groups.

d. (pelling correction is no longer enabled b de#ault.

e. %i"es to +uoting problems in 7bashbug$.

#. O(-speci#ic con#iguration changes were made #orL 0ri" \.

g. O(-speci#ic code changes were made #orL <D.

h. 5 more meaning#ul message is now printed when the #ile in >tmp #or a here document cannot be created.



i. an changes to the shell$s variable initialiJation code to speed non-interactive startup.

:. Changes to the non-:ob-control code so that it does not tr to open >dev>tt.

. The output o# 7set$ and 7e"port$ is once again sorted, as !O(0D wants.

l. %i"ed a problem caused b a recursive call reparsing the value o# ('E&&O!T(.

m. The tilde code no longer calls getenv/ when it$s compiled as part o# the shell, which should eliminate problems on sstems that cannot rede#ine getenv/, lie the eDT O(.

n. %i"ed a problem that caused 7bash -o$ or 7bash Zo$ to not list all the shell options.

o. %i"ed 7ulimit$ to convert 6&0A0%00T[ to the appropriate hard limit onl i# the hard limit is greater than the current so#t/ limit.

p. %i"ed a problem that arose when building bash in a di##erent director than the source and .tab.8ch9 were remade with something other than bison. This came up most o#ten on etB(.

+. %i"ed a problem with completion -- it thought that 7pwd7>8T5B9 indicated an un#inished command completion 7>/, which generated errors.

r. The bash special tilde e"pansions @-, @Z/ are now attempted be#ore calling the standard tilde e"pansion code, which should eliminate the problems people have been seeing with this on (olaris 2.^.1.

s. 5dded support #or stdarg.hF to places where it was missing.

t. Changed the code that reads the output o# a command substitution to not go through stdio. This reduces the memor re+uirements and is #aster.

u. 5 number o# changes to speed up e"port environment creation were made.

v. 5 number o# memor leas were #i"ed as the result o# running the test scripts through !uri#.

w. %i"ed a bug that caused subshells #ored to interpret e"ecutable scripts without a leading 7PY$ to not reinitialiJe the values o# the shell options.


a. 'istor librar has less 7Pi#de# ('E&&$ code -- abstracted stu## out into application-speci#ic #unction hoos.

b. 6eadline no longer calls getenv/ i# it$s compiled as part o# the shell, which should eliminate problems on sstems that cannot rede#ine getenv/, lie the eDT O(.

c. %i"ed translation o# E(C when 7untranslating$ macro values.

d. The region ill operation now #i"es the mar i# it ends up beond the boundaries o# the line a#ter the region is deleted.


a. ew argument #or 7con#igure$L 7--with-curses$. This can be used to override the selection o# the termcap librar on sstems where it is



de#icient.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.G1-alpha1,and the previous version, bash-2.G-release.

1. Changes to Bash

a. (stem-speci#ic con#iguration changes #orL %reeB(, (unO(4, 0ri", achTen, <D 4.2, 'arris ight 'aw, (unO(^.

b. (stem-speci#ic code changes were made #orL &inu", 4.4 B(, <D 4.2, '!-=D, 50D 4.2.

c. 5 bug that caused the e"ec builtin to #ail because the #ull pathname o# the command could not be #ound was #i"ed.

d. The code that per#orms output redirections is now more resistant to race conditions and possible securit e"ploits.

e. 5 bug that caused the shell to dump core when per#orming pattern

substitutions on variable values was #i"ed.

#. ore hosts are now recogniJed b the auto-con#iguration mechanism OpenB(, <D, others/.

g. 5ssignments to read-onl variables that attempt to convert them to arras are now errors.

h. 5 bug that caused shell scripts using arra assignments in !O(0D mode to e"it a#ter the assignment was per#ormed was #i"ed.

i. The substring e"pansion code is now more care#ul about running o## the ends o# the e"panded variable value.

:. 5 bug that caused completion to #ail i# a bac+uoted command substitution appeared anwhere on the line was #i"ed.

. The 7source$ builtin no longer turns o## histor i# it has been enabled in a non-interactive shell.

l. 5 bug that caused the shell to crash when 7disown$ was given a pid instead o# a :ob number was #i"ed.

m. The 7cd$ spelling correction code will not tr to change to 7.$ i# no director entries match a single-character argument.

n. 5 bad variable name supplied to 7declare$, 7e"port$, or 7readonl$ no longer causes a non-interactive shell in !O(0D mode to e"it.

o. (ome #i"es were made to the test suite to handle peculiarities o# various =ni" versions.

p. The bash completion code now +uotes characters that readline would treat as word breas #or completion but are not shell metacharacters.

+. Bad options supplied at invocation now cause a usage message to be displaed.

r. %i"es were made to the code that handles EB= traps so that the trap

string is not #reed inappropriatel.

s. (ome changes were made to the bash debugger in e"amples>bashdb -- it should be closer to woring now.



t. 5 problem that caused the de#ault #ilename used #or mail checing to be wrong was #i"ed.

u. 5 #i" was made to the 7echo$ builtin so that =& characters printed with 7echo -e$ do not cause the output to be truncated.

v. 5 #i" was made to the :ob control code so that the shell behaves better when monitor mode is enabled in a non-interactive shell.

w. Bash no longer catches all o# the terminating signals in a non- interactive shell until a trap is set on ED0T, which should result in +uicer startup.

". 5 #i" was made to the command timing code so that 7time$ can be used in a loop.

. 5 #i" was made to the parser so that 7cmd/X cmd2/$ is now parsed as a nested subshell rather than strictl as an erroneous/ arithmetic command.

J. 5 #i" was made to the globbing code so that it correctl matches +uoted #ilenames beginning with a 7.$.

aa. 5 bug in 7#c$ that caused some multi-line commands to not be stored as one command in the histor when the were re-e"ecuted a#ter editing with 7#c -e$/ was #i"ed.

bb. The 7ulimit$ builtin now attempts to catch some classes o# integer over#lows.

cc. The command-oriented-histor code no longer attempts to add 7X$ inappropriatel when a newline appears while reading a .../ command substitution.

dd. 5 bug that caused the shell to dump core when 7help --$ was e"ecuted was #i"ed.

ee. 5 bug that caused the shell to crash when an unset variable appeared in the bod o# a here document a#ter 7set -u$ had been e"ecuted was #i"ed.

##. 0mplicit input redirections #rom >dev>null #or asnchronous commands are now handled better.

gg. 5 bug that caused the shell to #ail to compile when con#igured with 7--disable-readline$ was #i"ed.

hh. The globbing code should now be interruptible.

ii. Bash now notices when the 7ill$ builtin is used to send (0COT to a stopped :ob and ad:usts the data structures accordingl, as i# 7bg$ had been e"ecuted instead.

::. 5 bug that caused the shell to crash when mi"ing calls to 7getopts$ and 7shi#t$ on the same set o# positional parameters was #i"ed.

. The command printing code now preserves the 7-p$ #lag to 7time$.

ll. The command printing code now handles here documents better when there

are other redirections associated with the command.

mm. The special glibc environment variable A=AnonoptionAargvA#lagsA/ is no longer placed into the environment o# e"ecuted commands -- users



o# glibc had too man problems with it.

nn. 6eorganiJed the code that generates signames.h. The signalAnames list is now more complete but ma be slightl di##erent (05B6T is #avored over (00OT, #or e"ample/. The pre#erred signal names are those listed in the !O(0D.2 standard.

oo. 7bashbug$ now uses a #ilename shorter than 14 characters #or its temporar #ile, and ass #or con#irmation be#ore sending the bug report.

pp. 5 bug that caused T5B completion in vi editing mode to not be turned o## when 7set -o posi"$ was e"ecuted or bac on when 7set Zo posi"$ was e"ecuted was #i"ed.

++. 5 bug in the brace e"pansion code that caused brace e"pansions appearing in new-stle .../ command substitutions to be inappropriatel e"panded was #i"ed.

rr. 5 bug in the readline hoo shell-e"pand-line that could cause memor to be inappropriatel #reed was #i"ed.

ss. 5 bug that caused some arithmetic e"pressions containing 7))$ and 7**$ to be parsed with the wrong precedence has been #i"ed.

tt. 6e#erences to unbound variables a#ter 7set -u$ has been e"ecuted now cause the shell to e"it immediatel, as the should.

uu. 5 bug that caused the shell to e"it inappropriatel when 7set -e$ had been e"ecuted and a command$s return status was being inverted with the 7Y$ reserved word was #i"ed.

vv. 5 bug that could occasionall cause the shell to crash with a divide-b-Jero error when timing a command was #i"ed.

ww. 5 bug that caused parameter pattern substitution to leave stra bacslashes in the replacement string when the e"pression is in double +uotes was #i"ed.

"". The 7brea$ and 7continue$ builtins now brea out o# all loops when an invalid count argument is supplied.

. %i"ed a bug that caused !5T' to be set to the empt string i# 7command -p$ is e"ecuted with !5T' unset.

JJ. %i"ed 7ill -l signum$ to print the signal name without the 7(0$ pre#i", as !O(0D speci#ies.

aaa. %i"ed a bug that caused the shell to crash while setting ('E&&O!T( i# there were no shell options set.

bbb. %i"ed 7e"port -p$ and 7readonl -p$ so that when the shell is in !O(0D mode, their output is as !O(0D.2 speci#ies.

ccc. %i"ed a bug in 7readonl$ so that 7readonl -a avar?.../$ actuall creates an arra variable.

ddd. %i"ed a bug that prevented 7time$ #rom correctl timing bacground pipelines.


a. 5 bug that caused an e"tra newline to be printed when the cursor was on an otherwise empt line was #i"ed.



b. 5n instance o# memor being used a#ter it was #reed was corrected.

c. The redispla code now wors when the prompt is longer than the screen width.

d. 7dump-macros$ is now a bindable name, as it should have been all along.

e. on-printable characters are now e"panded when displaing macros and their values.

#. The 7dump-variables$ and 7dump-macros$ commands now output a leading newline i# the$re called as the result o# a e se+uence, rather than directl b an application.


a. There is a new builtin arra variableL 6O=!(, the set o# groups to which the user belongs. This is used b the test suite.


a. 0# a e se+uence bound to 7universal-argument$ is read while reading a numeric argument started with 7universal-argument$, it terminates the argument but is otherwise ignored. This provides a wa to insert multiple instances o# a digit string, and is how = emacs does it.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.G-release,and the previous version, bash-2.G-beta3.

1. Changes to Bash

a. %i" to the 7getopts$ builtin so that it does the right thing when a

re+uired option argument is not present.

b. The completion code now updates the common pre#i" o# matched names a#ter %0O6E processing is done, since an names that were removed ma have changed the common pre#i".

c. %i"ed a bug that made messages in 50&!5T' entries not wor correctl.

d. %i"ed a serious documentation error in the description o# the new MparameterLo##set8Llength9N e"pansion.

e. %i"es to mae parameter substring e"pansion MparamLo##set8Llength9N/ wor when within double +uotes.

#. %i"es to mae 5 CT&E(C/ survive an un+uoted e"pansion o# positional parameters.

g. Corrected a misspelling o# 7unlimited$ in the output o# 7ulimit$.

h. %i"ed a bug that caused e"ecutable scripts without a leading 7PY$ to occasionall pic up the wrong set o# positional parameters.

i. &inu" sstems now have a woring 7ulimit -v$, using 6&00TA5(.

:. =pdated con#ig.guess so that man more machine tpes are recogniJed.

. %i"ed a bug with bacslash-+uoted slashes in the Mparam>pat8>sub9N e"pansion.

l. 0# the shell is named 7-su$, and 7-c command$ is supplied, read and



e"ecute the login shell startup #iles even though the shell is not interactive. This is to support the 7-$ option to 7su$.

m. %i"ed a bug that caused core dumps when the EB= trap was ignored with 7trap KK EB=$ and a shell #unction was subse+uentl e"ecuted.

n. %i"ed a bug that caused core dumps in the read builtin when 0%( was set to the null string and the input had leading whitespace.


a. %i"ed a bug that caused a numeric argument o# 1G24 to be ignored when inserting te"t.

b. %i"ed the displa code so that the numeric argument is displaed as it$s being entered.

c. %i"ed the numeric argument reading code so that 7-- command$ is e+uivalent to 7--1 command$, as the prompt implies.


a. 7ulimit$ now sets both hard and so#t limits and reports the so#t limit b de#ault when neither -' nor -( is speci#ied/. This is compatible with versions o# sh and sh that implement 7ulimit$.

b. 0nteger constants have been e"tended to base \4.


a. The 7home$ and 7end$ es are now bound to beginning-o#-line and end-o#-line, respectivel, i# the corresponding termcap capabilities are present.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.G-beta3,and the previous version, bash-2.G-beta2.

1. Changes to Bash

a. (stem-speci#ic changes #orL 50D 4.2, (CO 3.2v84^9, '!-=D.

b. hen in !O(0D mode, variable assignments preceding a special builtin persist in the shell environment a#ter the builtin completes.

c. Changed all calls to getwd/ to getcwd/. 0mproved chec #or sstems where the libc getcwd/ calls popen/, since that breas on some

sstems when :ob control is being used.

d. %i"ed a bug that caused seg #aults when e"ecuting scripts with the e"ecute bit set but without a leading 7PY$.

e. The environment passed to e"ecuted commands is never sorted.

#. 5 bug was #i"ed in the code that e"pands Mname8I9N to the number o# elements in an arra variable.

g. 5 bug was #i"ed in the arra compound assignment code 5? ... / /.

h. indow siJe changes now correctl propagate down to readline i#

the shopt 7checwinsiJe$ option is enabled.

i. 5 #i" was made in the code that e"pands to the length o# a variable value MPvarN/.



:. 5 #i" was made to the command builtin so that it did not turn on the 7no #or$ #lag inappropriatel.

. 5 #i" was made to mae 7set -n$ wor more reliabl.

l. 5 #i" was made to the :ob control initialiJation code so that the terminal process group is set to the shell$s process group i# the shell changes its own process group.


a. (stem-speci#ic changes #orL (CO 3.2v84^9.

b. The behavior o# the vi-mode 7.$ when redoing an 7i$ command was changed to insert the te"t previousl inserted b the 7i$ command rather than simpl entering insert mode.

3. ew #eatures in Bash

a. There is a new version o# the autoload #unction pacage, in

e"amples>#unctions>autoload.v2, that uses arras and provides more #unctionalit.

b. (upport #or &CACO&&5TE and locale-speci#ic sorting o# the results o# pathname e"pansion i# strcoll/ is available.


a. (upport #or locale-speci#ic sorting o# completion possibilities i# strcoll/ is available.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.G-beta2,

and the previous version, bash-2.G-beta1.

1. Changes to Bash

a. 7pushd -$ is once again e+uivalent to 7pushd O&!$.

b. O(-speci#ic changes #orL (CO 3.2v84^9.

c. 5 change was made to the #i" #or the recentl-reported securit hole when reading characters with octal value 2^^ to mae it wor better on sstems with restartable sstem calls when not using readline.

d. (ome changes were made to the test suite so that it wors i# ou

con#igure bash with --enable-usg-echo-de#ault.

e. 5 #i" was made to the parsing o# conditional arithmetic e"pressions.

#. 0llegal arithmetic bases now cause an arithmetic evaluation error rather than being silentl reset.

g. ultiple arithmetic bases now cause an arithmetic evaluation error instead o# being ignored.

h. 5 #i" was made to the evaluation o# Mparam;wordN to con#orm to !O(0D.2.

i. 5 bug that sometimes caused arra indices to be evaluated twice which

would cause errors when the contained assignment statements/ was #i"ed.

:. 7ulimit$ was rewritten to avoid problems with getrlimit2/ returning unsigned values and to simpli# the code.



. 5 bug in the command-oriented-histor code that caused it to sometimes put semicolons a#ter right parens inappropriatel was #i"ed.

l. The values inserted into the prompt b the Vw and V escape se+uences are now +uoted to prevent #urther e"pansion.

m. 5n interactive shell invoed as 7sh$ now reads and e"ecutes commands #rom the #ile named b E] when it starts up. 0# it$s a login shell, it does this a#ter reading >etc>pro#ile and @>.pro#ile.

n. The #ile named b E] is never read b non-interactive shells.


a. 5 #ew changes were made to hide some macros and #unctions that should not be public.

b. 5n o##-b-one error that caused seg #aults in the histor e"pansion code was #i"ed.


a. The sh-stle ...// arithmetic command was implemented. 0t is e"actl identical to let K...K. This is controlled b a new option to con#igure, 7--enable-dparen-arithmetic$, which is on b de#ault.

b. There is a new Pde#ine available in con#ig.h.topL ([(AB5('A&OO=T. 0# de#ined to a #ilename, bash reads and e"ecutes commands #rom that #ile when a login shell e"its. 0t$s commented out b de#ault.

c. 7ulimit$ has a 7-l$ option that reports the ma"imum amount o# data that ma be loced into memor on 4.4B(-based sstems.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.G-beta1,and the previous version, bash-2.G-alpha4.

1. Changes to Bash

a. 5 bug that sometimes caused traps to be ignored on signals the shell treats speciall was #i"ed.

b. The internationaliJation code was changed to trac the values o# &CA variables and call setlocale/ as appropriate. The TEDTO50 and TEDTO5006 variables are also tracedX changes cause calls to te"tdomain/ and bindte"tdomain/, i# available.

c. 5 bug was #i"ed that sometimes caused double-+uoted strings to be parsed incorrectl.

d. Changes were made so that the siglist code compiles correctl on (olaris 2.^.

e. 5dded 7L$ to the set o# characters that cause word breas #or the completion code so that pathnames in assignments to !5T' can be completed.

#. The 7select$ command was #i"ed to print !(3 to stderr.

g. %i"ed an error in the manual page section describing the e##ect that setting and unsetting &OB0O6E has on the setting o# the 7dotglob$ option.



h. The time conversion code now uses C&_ATC_ rather than C&OC_(A!E6A(EC on sstems without gettimeo#da/ and resources.

i. The getopt static variables are now initialiJed each time a subshell is started, so subshells using 7getopts$ wor right.

:. 5 sign-e"tension bug that caused a possible securit hole was #i"ed.

. The parser now reads characters between bac+uotes within a double- +uoted string as a single word, so double +uotes in the bac+uoted string don$t terminate the enclosing double-+uoted string.

l. 5 bug that caused 7O$ to wor incorrectl when tped as the #irst thing to an interactive shell was #i"ed.

m. 5 rarel-e"ercised o##-b-one error in the code that +uotes variable values was #i"ed.

n. (ome memor and #ile descriptor leas encountered when running a shell script that is e"ecutable but does not have a leading 7PY$ were plugged.


a. 5 bug that sometimes caused incorrect results when tring to read tpeahead on sstems without %0O6E5 was #i"ed.


a. The command timing code now uses the value o# the T0E%O65T variable to #ormat and displa timing statistics.

b. The 7time$ reserved word now accepts a 7-p$ option to #orce the !O(0D.2 output #ormat.

c. There are a couple o# new and updated scripts to convert csh startup #iles to bash #ormat.

d. There is a new builtin arra variableL B5('A]E6(0%O. The various members hold the parts o# the version in#ormation in B5('A]E6(0O, plus the value o# 5C'T[!E.


a. (etting &5 to 7enA=(.0(ORR^H-1$ now causes readline to enter eight-bit mode.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.G-alpha4,and the previous version, bash-2.G-alpha3.

1. Changes to Bash

a. There is better detection o# rsh connections on (olaris 2.

b. 5ssignments to read-onl variables preceding a command name are now variable assignment errors. ]ariable assignment errors cause non-interactive shells running in posi" mode to e"it.

c. The word toeniJer was rewritten to handle nested +uotes and pairs

$$, KK, 77, M...N, .../, 8...9, $...$, K...K, .../, F...// correctl. (ome o# the parameter e"pansion code was updated as a conse+uence.



d. 5 #i" was made to 7test$ when given three arguments so that a binar operator is checed #or #irst, be#ore checing that the #irst argument is 7Y$.

e. 2$$F>dev>null is no longer e+uivalent to 2F>dev>null.

#. !arser error messages were regulariJed, and in most cases the name o# the shell script being read b a non-interactive shell is not printed twice.

g. 5 #i" was made to the completion code so that it no longer removes the te"t the user tped in some cases.

h. The special glibc 7getopt$ environment variable is no longer put into the environment on machines with small values o# 56A5D.

i. The e"pansion o# M...N now #ollows the !O(0D.2 rules #or #inding the closing 7N$.

:. The shell no longer displas spurious status messages #or bacground :obs in shell scripts that complete success#ull when the script is

run #rom a terminal.

. 7shopt -o$ now correctl updates ('E&&O!T(.

l. 5 bug that caused the !5T' searching code to return a non-e"ecutable #ile even when an e"ecutable #ile with the same name appeared later in !5T' was #i"ed.

m. The shell now does tilde e"pansions on un+uoted 7L@$ in assignment statements when not in posi" mode.

n. ]ariable assignment errors when a command consists onl o# assignments now cause non-interactive shells to e"it when in posi" mode.

o. 0# the variable in a 7#or$ or 7select$ command is read-onl, or not a legal shell identi#ier, a variable assignment error occurs.

p. 7test$ now handles 7-a$ and 7-o$ as binar operators when three arguments are supplied, and correctl parses 7 word /$ as e+uivalent to 7word$.

+. 7test$ was #i"ed so that #ile names o# the #orm >dev>#d> mean the same thing on all sstems, even &inu".

r. %i"ed a bug in the globbing code that caused patterns with multiple consecutive 7$s to not be matched correctl.

s. %i"ed a bug that caused !(2 to not be printed when an interactive shell not using readline is reading a here document.

t. %i"ed a bug that caused histor e"pansion to be per#ormed inappropriatel when a single-+uoted string spanned more than one line.

u. 7getopts$ now checs that the variable name passed b the user as the second argument is a legal shell identi#ier and that the variable is not read-onl.

v. %i"ed 7getopts$ to obe !O(0D.2 rules #or setting O!T0 when it encounters an error.

w. %i"ed 7set$ to displa variable values in a #orm that can be re-read.

". %i"ed a bug in the code that eeps trac o# whether or not local variables have been declared at the current level o# #unction nesting.



. on-interactive shells in posi" mode now e"it i# the name in a #unction declaration is not a legal identi#ier.

J. The :ob control code now ignores stopped children when the shell is not interactive.

aa. The 7cd$ builtin no longer attempts spelling correction on the director name i# the shell is not interactive, regardless o# the setting o# the 7cdspell$ option.

bb. (ome O(-speci#ic changes were made #or (CO 3.2v84^9 and 50D 4.2.

cc. 7time$ now prints its output to stderr, as !O(0D.2 speci#ies.

2. %i"es to 6eadline

a. 5#ter printing possible completions, all lines o# a multi-line prompt are redisplaed.

b. (ome changes were made to the terminal handling code in rltt.c to

wor around 50D 4.2 bugs.


a. There is a new loadable builtinL sprint#, with calling snta"sprint# var #ormat 8args9

This provides an eas wa to simulate sh le#t- and right-:usti#ied variable values.

b. The e"pansions o# Vh and V' in prompt strings were swapped. Vh now e"pands to the hostname up to the #irst 7.$, as in bash-1.14.


a. The bash-1.14 behavior when is tped while doing an incremental search was restored. S ma now be used to terminate the search without accepting the line.

b. There is a new bindable variableL disable-completion. This inhibits word completion and causes the completion character to be inserted as i# it had been bound to sel#-insert.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.G-alpha3,and the previous version, bash-2.G-alpha2.

There is now a #ile 7CO!5T$ included in the distribution that lists theuser-visible incompatibilities between 1.14 and 2.G.

1. Changes to Bash

a. (ome wor was done so that word splitting o# the rhs o# assignment statements con#orms more closel to historical practice.

b. 5 couple o# errant memor #rees were #i"ed.

c. 5 #i" was made to the test builtin so it recogniJes 7$ and 7F$ as binar operators.

d. The = malloc in lib>malloc>malloc.c now scrambles memor as it$s allocated and #reed. This is to catch callers that re#er to #reed memor or assume something about newl-allocated memor.



e. %i"ed a problem with conversion to 12-hour time in the prompt e"pansion code.

#. %i"ed a problem with con#igure$s argument parsing order. ow ou can correctl turn on speci#ic options a#ter using --enable-minimal-con#ig.

g. The con#igure script now automaticall disables the use o# = malloc on sstems where it$s appropriate better than having people read the OTE( #ile and do it manuall/.

h. There are new prompt e"pansions Vv and V]/ to insert version in#ormation into the prompt strings.

i. The de#ault prompt string now includes the version number.

:. ost o# the builtins that tae no options were changed to use the internal getopt so the can produce proper error messages #or -; and incorrect options.

. (ome sstem-speci#ic changes were made #or (]64.2 and (olaris 2.^.

l. Bash now uses !5T'A5D instead o# 5D!5T'&E and 5EA5D instead o# 5D5&E.

m. 5 couple o# problems caused b uninitialiJed variables were #i"ed.

n. There are a number o# new loadable builtin e"amplesL logname, basename, dirname, tt, pathch, tee, head, and rmdir. 5ll o# these con#orm to !O(0D.2.

o. Bash now notices changes in TQ and calls tJset/ i# present, so changing TQ will alter the time printed b prompt e"pansions.

p. The source was reorganiJed a bit so 0 don$t have to wait so long #or

some #iles to compile, and to #acilitate the creation o# a 7shell librar$ at some #uture point.

+. Bash no longer turns o## :ob control i# called as 7sh$, since the !O(0D.2 spec includes :ob control as a standard #eature.

r. 7bash -o posi"$ now wors as intended.

s. %i"ed a problem with the completion codeL when completing a #ilename that contained globbing characters, i# show-all-i#-ambiguous was set, the completion code would remove the user$s te"t.

t. %i"ed ulimit so that hope#ull/ the #ull range o# limits is available

on '!=D sstems.

u. 5 new 7shopt$ option 7hostcomplete$/ enables and disables hostname completion.

v. The shell no longer attempts to save the histor on an abort/, which is usuall called b programmingAerror/.

w. The 7-s$ option to 7#c$ was changed to echo the command to be e"ecuted to stderr instead o# stdout.

". 0# the editor invoed b 7#c -e$ e"its with a non-Jero status, no commands are e"ecuted.

. %i"ed a bug that made the shopt 7histveri#$ option wor incorrectl.

J. There is a new variable 75C'T[!E$ whose value is the =-stle



7cpu-compan-sstem$ sstem description as set b con#igure. The values o# 5C'T[!E and 'O(TT[!E should reall be swapped./

aa. The 7ulimit$ builtin now allows the ma"imum virtual memor siJe to be set via setrlimit2/ i# 6&00TA]E is de#ined.

bb. 7bash -nc $command$$ no longer runs 7command$.


a. %i"ed a tpo in the code that checed #or %0O6E5 in input.c.

b. %i"ed a bug in the code that outputs ebindings, so things lie C-V are +uoted properl.

c. %i"ed a bug in the inputrc #ile parsing code to handle the problems caused b inputrc #iles created #rom the output o# 7bind -p$ in previous versions o# bash. The problem was due to the bug #i"ed in item b above.

d. 6eadline no longer turns o## the terminal$s meta e, and turns it on

once the #irst time it$s called.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------This #ile documents the changes between this version, bash-2.G-alpha2,and the previous version, bash-2.G-alpha.

1. Changes to Bash

a. The shell no longer thins directories are e"ecutable.

b. 7disown$ has a new option, 7h$, which inhibits the resending o# (0'=! but does not remove the :ob #rom the :obs table.

c. The varargs #unctions in error.c now use 5(0-C 7stdarg$ i# available.

d. The build process now treats the 7build version$ in .build as local to the build director, so di##erent versions built #rom the same source tree have di##erent 7build versions$.

e. (ome problems with the grammar have been #i"ed. 0t used 7list$ in a #ew productions where 7compoundAlist$ was needed. 5 7list$ must be terminated with a newline or semicolonX a 7compoundAlist$ need not be./

#. 5 #i" was made to eep 7wait$ #rom hanging when waiting #or all bacground :obs.

g. 7bash --help$ now writes its output to stdout, lie the = Coding (tandards speci#, and includes the machine tpe the value o# 5C'T[!E/.

h. 7bash --version$ now prints more in#ormation and e"its success#ull, lie the = Coding (tandards speci#.

i. The output o# 7time$ and 7times$ now prints #ractional seconds with three places a#ter the decimal point.

:. 5 bug that caused process substitutions to screw up the pipeline printed b 7:obs$ was #i"ed.

. %i"es were made to the code that implements $...$ and K...K so the

wor as documented.

l. The process substitution code now opens named pipes #or reading with OAOB&OC_ to avoid hanging.



m. %i"es were made to the trap code so the shell cleans up correctl i# the trap command contains a 7return$ and we$re e"ecuting a #unction or sourcing a script with 7.$.

n. %i"es to doc>ae#ile.in so that it doesn$t tr to remae all o# the documentation ps, dvi, etc./ on a 7mae install$.

o. %i"ed an auto-increment error that caused bash -c args to sometimes dump core.

p. %i"ed a bug that caused '0(T0O6E to #ail when the histor line contained globbing characters.


a. There is a new string variable, rlAlibrarAversion, available #or use b applications. The current value is K2.1K.

b. 5 bug encountered when e"pand-tilde was enabled and #ile completion was attempted on a word beginning with 7@>$ was #i"ed.

c. 5 slight change was made to the incremental search termination behavior. E(C still terminates the search, but i# input is pending or arrives within G.1 seconds on sstems with select2//, it is used as a pre#i" character. This is intented to allow users to terminate searches with the arrow es and get the behavior the e"pect.

Documents

Changes in Bash Version 4.2 to Bash 4.3