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Chapter 1 Section 1 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Science in Our World6th Grade Science
Chapter 1 Section 1 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Introduction
Chapter 1: Science In Our World
Section 1: Science and Scientist
Section 2: Scientific Method
Section 3: Scientific Models
Section 4: Tools, Measurement, and Safety
Chapter 1 Section 1 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
What is Science?
What Do You Think?
Science and Scientist
Chapter 1 Section 1 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Science and Scientist
Try thi
s!
Mission Possible?
1. Examine an index card.2. Your mission is to fit yourself through the
card.3. Brainstorm with your partner on ways to
complete your task. 4. Try some ideas to see if they work.
See speaker notes for lab.
Chapter 1 Section 1 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Science and Scientists
Science is a process of gathering knowledge about the natural world.
Science starts with a question and uses several methods to find the answer.
Chapter 1 Section 1 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Science and Scientist
After you ask a question, how do you begin to investigate?– Research– Observation– Experimentation
Chapter 1 Section 1 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Why ask questions?
Science and Scientist
Chapter 1 Section 1 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Click on the following link to create a
Famous Scientist Wanted Poster
Science and Scientist
Chapter 1 Section 1 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Pre-AP Extension
Pre-AP: Have students write a one page report on what they want to be when they grow up and explain how science is a part of their job. Present report to the class.
Chapter 1 Section 1 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Let’s Review
1. What is Science?
Chapter 1 Section 1 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Answer
Science is a process of gathering knowledge about the natural world.
Science starts with a question and uses several methods to find the answer.
Chapter 1 Section 1 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Let’s Review
2. What are three methods of investigation?
Chapter 1 Section 1 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Answer
–Research
–Observation
–Experimentation
Chapter 1 Section 1 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Let’s Review
3. What are some benefits of science in the world around
you?
Chapter 1 Section 1 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Answer
Chapter 1 Section 1 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Let’s Review
4. What are some jobs that use science?
Chapter 1 Section 1 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Answer
Environmental Scientist
Cartographer
Engineer
Accept any reasonable answer.
Chapter 1 Section 2 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Scientific Method
Chapter 1 Section 2 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
How Can Matter Be Measured and Compared?
How can paleontologists know what a dinosaur looked liked, how it behaved, and
what it ate based only on its fossilized remains?
What Do You Think?
Scientific Method
Chapter 1 Section 2 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Scientific Method
Scientific methods are the ways in which scientists answer questions and solve problems.
Scientist may use all the steps or some of the steps in an investigation.
Chapter 1 Section 2 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Scientific Method
Cite:http://is.asu.edu/plb108/course/scimeth/media/scisteps.jpg
Chapter 1 Section 2 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Scientific Method
Scientist tend to ask a question after making observations.
An observation is any use of the senses to gather information. Observation can be made throughout the experiment.
Chapter 1 Section 2 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Scientific Method
When scientist what to investigate a question, they form a hypothesis.
Hypothesis is a possible explanation or answer to a question- educated guess.
Cite: http://www.mountainlake.k12.mn.us/staff/jhaberman/Sciencefair/Hypothesis.JPG
Chapter 1 Section 2 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Scientific Method
After a hypothesis is form, scientist must test their hypothesis.
Data are any pieces of information gathered through experimentation.
Data can tell scientist if the hypothesis is valid or not.
Chapter 1 Section 2 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Once data has been collected, scientist must analyze their data.
Analyzing results help scientist construct reasonable explanations based on evidence they collected.
Scientific Method
Chapter 1 Section 2 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Scientific Method
Do the results support the hypothesis? Scientists study the results to see if their hypothesis is right or wrong.They may repeat the investigation or ask new questions and form a new hypothesis.
Chapter 1 Section 2 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Scientific Method
Scientist share their results by writing reports in journals, giving lectures or by way of the internet.
See speaker notes for Core Lab
Chapter 1 Section 2 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Scientific Method
Click Here Let us review the steps to the scientificmethod before conducting an experiment.
Chapter 1 Section 2 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
The scientific method is a systematic approach to problem solving. Explore the scientific method and learn about controls and variables in an experiment. Use the
Experimental Design lab write up to conduct a lab.
Pre-AP Extension
See speaker notes for lab.
Chapter 1 Section 2 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
1. What are some of the steps in the scientific method?
Let’s Review
Chapter 1 Section 2 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Ask a questionMake observationsForm a hypothesis
Test hypothesisCollect DataAnalyze Data
Draw a ConclusionCommunicate Results
Answer
Chapter 1 Section 2 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
2. Why is a hypothesis sometimes called an educated guess?
Let’s Review
Chapter 1 Section 2 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
A hypothesis is a possible solution based on previous knowledge, so
it is an educated guess.
Answer
Chapter 1 Section 2 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
3. What options does a scientist have if the results of an
experiment do not support a hypothesis?
Let’s Review
Chapter 1 Section 2 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
A scientist could repeat the investigation to check for errors or could ask new questions and form
a new hypothesis.
Answer
Chapter 1 Section 3 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Scientific Models
Cite: http://www.graphic.org/concept.html
Chapter 1 Section 3 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
What Are Three States of Matter?
How is an airplane flight simulator a kind of model?
What Do You Think?
Scientific Models
Chapter 1 Section 3 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Scientific Models
Models are representations of objects or systems.
Models can be used for:
– Understanding something
– Predicting
– Picturing things in your mind
– Explain scientific theories
Chapter 1 Section 3 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Scientific Models
Physical Models look like the object they model.
Chapter 1 Section 3 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Scientific Models
Mathematical models are made up of mathematical equations and data.
Cite: http://www.ncver.edu.au/statistics/vet/ann98/glance98/pix/graph3.gif
Chapter 1 Section 3 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Scientific Models
Conceptual models are systems of ideas.
Cite: http://archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu/edu/ea/d300/engaged_learning/water_concept_map.jpg
Chapter 1 Section 3 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Scientific Models
Limitation of Models: they don’t act exactly like the things they model or they may not look like the things they represent.
Chapter 1 Section 3 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Scientific Models
A theory is a unifying explanation for a broad range of hypotheses and observations that have been supported by testing.
Cite: http://www.astro.psu.edu/users/niel/astro1/slideshows/class41/007-impact_theory.jpg
Chapter 1 Section 3 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Scientific Models
Laws are a summary of many experimental results and observations.
Chapter 1 Section 3 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Scientific Models
Give each student a piece of paper. Ask the students to use the paper to make a paper airplane that can fly. Conduct trails to see whose airplane can fly the farthest, whose can make the most turns before falling, and whose can stay in the air the longest.
Activity
Chapter 1 Section 3 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Let’s Review
1. How are models used to represent the natural world?
Chapter 1 Section 3 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Answer
Models are used to represent the natural world through the use of familiar objects or
ideas to stand for other things.
Chapter 1 Section 3 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Let’s Review
2. What are two limitations of models?
Chapter 1 Section 3 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Answer
Limitation of Models: they don’t act exactly like the things they model
or they may not look like the things they represent.
Chapter 1 Section 3 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Let’s Review
3. What is the difference between a scientific theory and a scientific law?
Chapter 1 Section 3 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Answer
Theories are unifying explanations for broad range of hypotheses and observations.
Laws are summaries of experimental results and observations.
Chapter 1 Section 4 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Tools, Measurement, and Safety
Chapter 1 Section 4 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
How Can Matter Be Measured and Compared?
What could you study using a telescope? Or a microscope?
What Do You Think?
Tools, Measurement, and Safety
Chapter 1 Section 4 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Tools, Measurement, and Safety
The compound microscope is made of 4 main parts:
– Objective lens
– Light
– Stage
– Ocular Lens
Cite:http://www.etacuisenaire.com/Assets/Images/compound_microscope.jpg
Chapter 1 Section 4 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Tools, Measurement, and Safety
Tools for measuring: Stopwatches, meter sticks, and balances are used to take measurements.
Thermometers, spring scales and graduated cylinders are also helpful.
Chapter 1 Section 4 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Tools, Measurement, and Safety
Calculators and computers are great to analyze data. Pencils and graph paper are great to graph your data.
Chapter 1 Section 4 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Tools, Measurement, and Safety
The metric system is called the International System of Units (SI).
The advantage to using the SI system is that they help all scientists share and compare their observations.
Chapter 1 Section 4 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Tools, Measurement, and Safety
Another advantage to using the metric system is the system is based off the number 10. This make changing from one unit to another easier.
Cite: http://www.essex1.com/people/speer/metric.html
Chapter 1 Section 4 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Tools, Measurement, and Safety
Meter is the basic SI unit of length.
To describe the length of a large objects, kilometer is used. To describe the length of a microscopic object, nanometer is used.
Click here to practice measuringusing the metric system
Chapter 1 Section 4 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Tools, Measurement, and Safety
Area is a measure of how much surface an object has. Area is based on two measurements: Length X Width.
•Cite: http://www.ex.ac.uk/cimt/mepres/book7/bk7i9/bk7_9i2.htm
Chapter 1 Section 4 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Tools, Measurement, and Safety
Volume is the amount of space that something occupies or the amount of space that something contains. Liter is the basic unit of measurement for volume.
Cite: http://www.indigo.com/glass/gphglass/glass-chemistry-beaker.jpg
Chapter 1 Section 4 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Tools, Measurement, and Safety
Mass is the amount of matter that something is made of. The kilogram is the basic unit for mass.
Cite: http://mws.mcallen.isd.tenet.edu/mchi/ipc/ch01htm/images01/scale.jpg
Chapter 1 Section 4 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Tools, Measurement, and Safety
Temperature is a measurement of how hot or cold something is. Temperature can be measured in Celsius or Kelvin. ( C or K)
Kelvin is the basic SI unit for temperature.
See speaker notes for Core Lab
Chapter 1 Section 4 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISDCite: http://www.bsu.edu/web/debonn/imageULO.JPG
Chapter 1 Section 4 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Review lab safety rules
Click here
Tools, Measurement, and Safety
Chapter 1 Section 4 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Let’s Review
1. What tool could you use to determine who is the fastest swimmer in your class?
Chapter 1 Section 4 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Answer
Stopwatch
Chapter 1 Section 4 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Let’s Review
2. What is the importance of the International System of Units in science?
Chapter 1 Section 4 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Answer
The International System of Units helps all scientists share and compare
their observations.Also, since the metric system is based
on the number 10, this make changing from one unit to
another easier.
Chapter 1 Section 4 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Let’s Review
3. What is the area of a garden that is 12 m long and 8 m wide?
Chapter 1 Section 4 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Answer
12 m x 8 m = 96 m2
Chapter 1 Section 4 Fall 2005, Pflugerville ISD
Let’s Review
Make lab safety flashcards to
review lab rules.
