CHAPTER 1The Beginnings of Civilization,

10,000-2000 B.C.E.

The WestEncounters and Transformations

Levack/Muir/Veldman/Maas

Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 1: The Beginnings of Civilization, 10,000-2000 B.C.E.

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. Culture, Agriculture and Civilization

II. The Birth of Civilization in Southwest Asia

III. The Emergence of Egyptian Civilization

IV. The Transformation of Europe

Chapter 1: The Beginnings of Civilization, 10,000-2000 B.C.E.

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Ötzi - c. 3300 B.C.E.

I. Culture, Agriculture and Civilization

Definitions: culture, civilization

A. Paleolithic Age, 200,000-100,000 Y.A.

Homo sapiens sapiens

Cave art

15,000 Y.A. end of Ice Age

B. Neolithic Revolution

Domestication

Chapter 1: The Beginnings of Civilization, 10,000-2000 B.C.E.

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. Culture, Agriculture and Civilization

C. Three areas of cultivation

Levantine Corridor

(Fertile Crescent)

Abu Hureyra

from c. 9500 B.C.E.

8000-7700 B.C.E.., cultivation

Jericho

Iran, Zagros Mountains

Sawi Chemi Shanidar

from c. 9000 B.C.E.

Anatolia

Çatal Hüyük

obsidian trade

Chapter 1: The Beginnings of Civilization, 10,000-2000 B.C.E.

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. The Birth of Civilization in Southwest Asia

A. Sumer

from c. 5300 B.C.E.

by 2500 B.C.E. 12 cities

Uruk

10-50,000 people

Religion

Anu

Enlil

Inanna

Ziggurats

Epic of Gilgamesh

Enkidu

Mathematics

use of 360˚

Writingcuneiform

2340, end of independent Sumer

Chapter 1: The Beginnings of Civilization, 10,000-2000 B.C.E.

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. The Birth of Civilization in Southwest Asia

B. Akkadians

into Mesopotamia, late 3000's B.C.E.

Sargon (c.2340-c.2305 B.C.E.

empire

tribute

treaties

collapse c. 2100 B.C.E.

C. Dominance of Ur

Ur-Nammu (c. 2112-c. 2095 B.C.E.)

Chapter 1: The Beginnings of Civilization, 10,000-2000 B.C.E.

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. The Birth of Civilization in Southwest Asia

D. Assyria and Babylonia

Amorites, from 2000 B.C.E.

Assyria

Ashur

trading network from 1900 B.C.E.

Babylon

Hammurabi (c.1792-1750 B.C.E.)

Law Code of Hammurabi

c. 1500 B.C.E., collapse

Chapter 1: The Beginnings of Civilization, 10,000-2000 B.C.E.

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

III. The Emergence of Egyptian Civilization

Nile - 4000 miles

Predynastic, 10,000-3000 B.C.E.

Old Kingdom, 3000-2200 B.C.E.

Middle Kingdom, 2040-1785 B.C.E.

New Kingdom, 1600-1100 B.C.E.

A. The Old Kingdom

villages from 5000 B.C.E.

end of Predynastic period

unification, c. 3500-3000 B.C.E.

Narmer, c. 3100 B.C.E.

Kings

centralized

hieroglyphs

Religion

Ra

Osiris, Isis

Chapter 1: The Beginnings of Civilization, 10,000-2000 B.C.E.

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

B. The Middle Kingdom, c. 2040-1785 B.C.E.

Pyramids

royal tombs at Abydos from 2800 B.C.E.

from 2680 B.C.E.

King Djoser

Saqqara, Step Pyramid

Khufu (Cheops)

Great Pyramid, Giza, c. 2600 B.C.E.

c. 2200 B.C.E., collapse

First Intermediate Period, c. 2200-2000 B.C.E.

Mentuhotep, from 2040 B.C.E.

shift in leadership

Amenemhet I (1991-1962 B.C.E.)

Contact with other Civilizations

Byblos

Thoth > Taut

Nubia

slave labor

Punt (Somalia)

trade

Immigration

Hyksos, c.1750 B.C.E.

Chapter 1: The Beginnings of Civilization, 10,000-2000 B.C.E.

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. The Transformation of Europe

Neolithic from c. 7000 B.C.E.

A. Linear Pottery Culture

across Europe

from c. 4500 B.C.E., larger villages

Megaliths

Stonehenge, 3000-1600 B.C.E.

B. Battle Axe Cultures

3500-2000 B.C.E.

stone and copper axes

Kurgan peoples

Russian steppes from 3000 B.C.E.

Indo-European

C. Technology and Social Change

plow, 2600 B.C.E.

individual burials