CHAPTER 10 EUROPE IN THE MIDDLE AGES

Chapter 10, Sect 1: Peasants, Trade and CitiesObjectives : Understand the basic development of the Middle Ages and how it linked the Ancient World to the modern world. Identify developments leading to more advanced ways of farming through the Agricultural Revolution. Describe how trade, and the beginning of money economics offered new opportunities for people.

VOCABULARY

Manor Serfs Money Economy Commercial Capitalism Masterpiece Lay Investiture Interdict Sacraments Heresy Inquisition Relics Theology

Scholasticism Vernacular Black Death Anti-Semitism Great Schism New Monarchies Taille Black Death Anti-Semitism Great Schism New Monarchies

New Agriculture Europe’s population

dramatically increased in the Middle Ages. Political Stability Increased food

population Why did food

production go up? Climate change New technology

Carruca Horse drawn plows

Crop rotation Shift from a two field to

three field. Kept soil from being

exhausted and allowed crops to grow faster.

The Manorial System

Manors – agricultural estates run by a lord Worked by peasants and serfs

Serfs 60% of Western European population Lords had legal rights

Marriage Travel Working off of the manor

When debt was paid, permitted to leave

The Revival of Trade

Gradual revival of trade. Commerce had slowed during the uncertainly

of the early Middle Ages Cities begin to grow; become centers of

trade Venice/Mediterranean Flanders/Northern Europe

Trade Fairs Rise of Money Economy

Trading Companies Banks Increased interest in commercial capitalism

The Growth of Cities Towns had greatly declined during the early Middle Ages. Venice and Flanders emerged as major trading centers. Resettlement by merchants, artisans, craftspeople –

centers of commerce. Bourgeoisie- name given to merchant and artisans in the

cities Many founded as trade and meeting centers outside castle

walls. Government

Most towns tied to land 1100, power in towns shifting for lord to people; people bought

powers from lord Males who were born in the city; elected Councilmen, judges, and

other city lawmakers. re-emergence of Patricians Class- wealthiest and most powerful

families.

Life in Medieval Cities

Tight living conditions Surrounded by stone walls

Narrow streets Danger of fire Pollution

Air Water

Unsanitary Public Baths No waste removal

Woman supervised household, prepared meals, raise children, and managed the families finances Women lead quite independent

lives and many became brewer, weavers, and hatmakers

Industry and Guilds Craftspeople organized in

guilds Organizations for individual

trades Guilds regulated the

production process Standards Prices Methods of production Joining procedure

Apprenticeship Journeyman Master

 THIS WILL BE ON THE TEST: Student will read pages 315 to 317 and name the factors that made agricultural explosion possible during the middle ages. Include political, economic, social, geographic, technological factors. Must Include 10 factors.  

New Agricult

re

.

CHRISTIANITY AND MEDIEVAL CIVILIZATION

Chapter 10: Section 2

Objectives : Understand the impact religion played on politics and government. Identify the three main “new” religious groups of the time.Explain the inquisition and everyday life of medieval people

VOCABULARY

Lay Investiture Interdict Sacraments Heresy Inquisition Relics

The Papal Monarchy Church clergy were part of feudal order

Vassals to monarchy Lay Investiture

Pope Gregory VII - Clergy were under the Pope, not kings

Pope Innocent III - Further reform through strengthening Catholic Church at the height of its power Believed the office of Pope was supreme in

European affairs. Used interdict to control monarchs

New Religious Orders Cisterian Order

1098, first monasteries appeared, spread rapidly

Simple diet, no possessions, plain churches, simple lives

Brought faith to the public Convents

Many women entered in Medieval Period Convents were also attractive to artistic and

intellectual women Hildegard of Bingen, composer of Gregorian

Chant

New Religious Orders (Con’t) The Franciscans

Francis of Assisi (Italy) Vows poverty, begging and working for food Lived in the world, missionaries

The Dominicans Dominic de Guzman (Spain) Defend Church against heresy Church scholars

Bell QUIZ: STUDENTS WILL HAVE 10 MINS TO USE THEIR NOTES TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

1. What did increase population led to ? 2. Name one new technology that arose out of this time period. 3. Explain the crop rotation that manors practiced? 4. How much of the population did serfs make up? 5. What two cities flourished during the trade revival? 6. What three things did a Money economy lead to ?7. Where did artisans, merchants ,and craftspeople begin to settle? 8. During the 1100, where did power begin to shift in cities? 9. Describe life in medieval cities. 10. What did guilds do?

The Inquisition

Court established to deal with heretics Spanish Inquisition – Torquemada

1400s, 2000 executions If a person were tried for heresy, they

would be punished until confession. Execution for those that didn’t. Attacks on Muslims, Jews, and gypsies.

Religion in Everyday Life Spirituality was very

important to the people of the Medieval period.

Participation in church services

Veneration of saints Original followers of Jesus Influential Christians who

helped others Relics

Pilgrimage to holy sites

Bull Dog Quiz: Students will have 10 mins to Answer the Following Questions

Read Page 314 in your book and answer the following questions. What qualities make London such a

“Happy” place to the author? Why do you think the Author failed to

mention London’s foul air, overcrowding, epidemics, and fires?

Examine the illustration at the top of the page, What features can you find that show London as a growing & busy city?

WARM UP

Why do think culture didn’t flourish until the very end of the Middle Ages?

VOCABULARY Theology Scholasticism Vernacular

THE CULTURE OF THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES

Chapter 10, Section 3

Summarize the intellectual revival that led to the formation of Universities. Analyze how the middle ages new technical innovation led to the building of Gothic Cathedrals.

Universities Universitas – Corporation, or

guild Bologna, Italy Law University of Paris Oxford University, England

1500 – 80 universities in Europe

Liberal Arts curriculum Grammar -

Geometry Astronomy - Music Rhetoric - Logic Arithmetic

Lecture, Oral Examination Law, Medicine, Theology

Scholasticism & Literature

Reconcile faith and reason Harmonize works of the ancient Greeks

with Christian teachings Studied the works of Aristotle Thomas Aquinas, “Summa Theologica” Vernacular literature

Poetry Chanson de geste

“Song of Roland”

Art & Architecture

Art Religious or Historic One – dimensional

Tapestry Illuminated Script Explosion of building

Churches Early Christian Romanesque Gothic

Medieval Art

Illuminated Manuscripts

Gothic Architecture

Gothic Architecture

Bull Dog Quiz: Students will have 5 mins to Answer the Following Questions

How many people did the Plague kill? Name the reasons people believed the

Plague spread. What were the stages of the Plague? If you were affected with the Plague on

average how long would you stay alive? T/F: Doctors were readily available and

effective.

THE LATE MIDDLE AGES

Chapter 10, Section 4

Summarize Europe in the fourteenth century, and the challenges of an overwhelming number of disastrous forces. Explain how European rulers reestablished the centralized monarchial governments.

Part A: Use Class Notes and Page 336 in the book to analyze the social and economic effects that the Black death had on the Late Middle Ages .

Social Factors:

Black Death

Economic Factors:

Instability of the Late Middle Ages

The Decline of the ChurchEconomic CrisisWarPolitical ChangesPlague

Monarchs Question the Rule of the Pope

Pope Boniface VIII and King Phillip IV of France had a quarrel over clergy taxation.

After Boniface’s Death, Phillip orchestrates the election of a French pope and moves the papacy to Avignon.

The Great Schism

The Avignon Papacy

From 1305-1377, the Popes resided in France in decadence and luxury.

Angered the Romans

Finally, Pope Gregory XI returns to Rome.

After his death, the Cardinals elect a new Italian Pope.

The Great Schism The French clergy did

not accept this; they elected their own Pope.

From 1378 – 1417, two Popes sit, one in Avignon, one in Rome.

Council of Constance (1417) – dispose of both sitting popes and elect a new one, who returns to the Vatican.

Church power significantly weakened.

The Hundred Years War; 1337-1453 Edward III of

England and Duke of Gascony, was a vassal to French king Phillip VI.

Phillip tries to take back Gascony: war break outs; 1337

Major Battles of the HYW Crecy – 1346

Close English victory English longbow

Agincourt – 1415 Overwhelming English victory England gains control of Northern France

Orleans -1429 Joan of Arc French armies gain control of Orleans

War ends in 1453, French regain all of their territory

Political Changes

Re-centralization of power; the “new” monarchies

Re-emergence of France National taille

England – War of the Roses Establishment of the Tudor Dynasty

Spain – Ferdinand and Isabella Religious Intolerance

1492- Expulsion of the Jews 1502 – Expulsion of Muslims

BLACK DEATHThe Bubonic Plague in EuropeObjectives: Understand the causes, symptoms, and end of the bubonic plague. Describe the plague in complete detail.

What was The Plague? Black Death –three

plagues Bubonic Pnuemonic Septascopic

Appeared in Europe around 1347

Killed approximately 38 million people Anyone; rural or urban,

rich or poor, men or women, young or old.

What Caused the Plague?

Yersinia pestis - bacteria Carried by fleas Infected rats carried the disease infected

fleas from Asia to Europe via merchant ships

What did Plague era people believe caused the plague?

Punishment from God Foreigners Bad Air Alignment of the planets Non-Christians

Stages of the Plague Fever and pain Tired and weak; but

difficulty sleeping Body temperature

increases Feeling of giddiness,

delirium, dazed expression

Swollen glands in groin, armpit, or neck (buboes)

Stages of the Plague Bleeding under the skin causes blue-black

blotches Red rash with small red spots appears on

buboes Death

Stages of the Plague A person inflicted with Plague may die

within 4 to 7 Days of first showing of symptoms

Plague had a 50-70% mortality rate. If you did survive it, it was by luck.

How was the Plague treated?

“The swelling should be softened with figs and cooked onions mixed with yeast and butter. When they are open they should be treated with the cure for ulcers. Towards the end of the plague I developed a fever with a swelling in the groin. I was ill near on six weeks. When the swelling had ripened and had been treated in the way I prescribed [cutting open the boils and burning them with a hot iron], I escaped, by God’s good grace.”

-Guy de Chauliac, surgeon

How was the Plague treated? Unless you were extremely wealthy and

could afford a physician, medical attention was usually unavailable. When it was, it was widely ineffective.

The Doctor’s Suit

How To Avoid the Plague Avoid breathing the same air as a plague

victim. Sit next to a blazing hot fire. Live in a house sheltered from the wind

and keep all windows closed. Live a separate life, eat and drink in

moderation, and see no one. Run away to the country: leave everyone

behind.

How To Avoid the Plague

Attack foreigners Eliminate non-

believers Go on a pilgrimage. Punish yourself:

join the flagellants. Go to church, and

ask for forgiveness.

How To Avoid the Plague Remove filth and human excrement from

the streets. Carry flowers. Avoid eating poultry, waterfowl, pork, old

beef, fish, or anything prepared with olive oil.

Do not sleep during the day. Don’t exercise TOO much. Don’t walk in the rain!

How To Avoid the Plague Don’t bathe. Sing happy songs. Visit gardens often. THINK HAPPY THOUGHTS!

What happened to the Plague?

As quickly as it ravaged Europe, the Plague dissolved.

Miraculously, some places avoided it: it is not known to this day why.

Bubonic plague continues to afflict the world in isolated cases.

Today it is easily treated with antibiotics. There are 10-15 cases of Bubonic plague

reported in the United States annually.