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Chapter 10: The Endocrine System
© 2013 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill
McGraw-Hill
Learning Outcomes
10-2
Recall the parts/function of endocrine systemDefine combining forms used in building
words that relate to the endocrine system.Recall the common diagnoses, laboratory
tests, and clinical procedures used in treating disorders of the endocrine system.
Define the major pathological conditions of the endocrine system.
Define surgical terms related to the endocrine system.
Recognize common pharmacological agents used in treating disorders of the endocrine system.
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Structure/ FunctionGroup of glands act as body’s master
regulator of chemicals that affect the entire body
Hormones secretion
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Endocrine System
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Secretions and FunctionsHypothalamuspituitary-regulating hormones ,either
stimulate or inhibit pituitary secretionsNeurohypophysis antidiuretic hormone (ADH), vasopressin
oxytocin ,melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH),increase water reabsorption ,stimulates uterine contractions and lactation ,stimulates the production of melanin
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Secretions and FunctionsAdenohypophysisGrowth, somatotrophic, thyroid-stimulating,
adrenocortictropic, follicle-stimulating, and luteinizing and prolactin hormones
bone and muscle growth; regulate metabolic functions, stimulates thyroid gland, stimulates adrenal cortex development of ova and production of female hormones, breast development and milk production
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Secretions and FunctionsThyroidthyroxine ; triiodothyronine , calcitonin,regulates metabolism; stimulates growth,
lowers blood calcium as necessary to maintain
homeostasisParathyroid parathormone, parathyroid hormone
(PTH), increase blood calcium as necessary to maintain homeostasis
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Secretions and FunctionsAdrenal MedullaEpinephrine and norepinephrine React to stressAdrenal Cortexglucocorticoids , mineralocorticoids ,
gonadocorticoids affect metabolism, growth, and aid in
electrolyte and fluid balances
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Secretions and FunctionsPancreas insulin, glucagons, maintains blood glucose
concentrationPineal Gland Melatonin, affects sexual functions and sleep
cycles
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Secretions and Functions OvariesEstrogen and progesterone, female sex
characteristics, menstrual cycle, reproductive functions
Testes Androgen, testosterone, male sex
characteristics, sperm production
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Secretions and FunctionsThymus gland thymosin, thymic humoral factor , factor
thymic serum , T cells and some B cells development; function not well understood
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Combining Forms aden(o) glandadren(o), adrenal(o) adrenal
glandsgluc(o) glucoseglyc(o) glycogengonad(o) sex glandspancreat(o) pancreasparathyroid(o) parathyroidthyr(o), thyroid(o) thyroid
gland
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Hypothalamus/Pituitary
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Hypothalamus, Pineal, Pituitary Gland Hypothalamus = stimulates / inhibits
secretionsPineal gland = sexual function / sleep cyclesPituitary gland = growth and metabolism
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Thyroid ,Parathyroid, Thymus, AdrenalThyroid affects= metabolismThymus gland = aids in T and B cellsAdrenal glands= metabolism, growth, fluid
and electrolyte balance
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Thyroid gland
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Parathyroid glands
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Adrenal glands
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Pancreas, Ovaries, TestesPancreas = insulin = maintain glucose levels Ovaries= estrogen and progesterone Testes = testosterone
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Pancreas
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Diagnostic, Procedural, Lab TermAssist in diagnosing medical conditionsOften used in combination, Lead to a final diagnosis and treatment
planning
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Programmed Reviewfasting blood sugarglucose tolerance
test (GTT)blood sugarblood glucose
postprandialblood sugarurine sugarglycated hemoglobin
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Pathological TermsDisorders of the pituitary, thyroid,
parathyroid and adrenal glands can affect many functions within the body.
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Cretinism
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Grave’s disease
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Iodine Deficiency
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Pancreas DisordersPancreatic disorders frequently lead to
diabetes. Diabetes can impact many other systems
within the body. pancreatitishypoglycemiadiabetes mellitusdiabetes
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Pancreas Disorders (cont.)Type I diabetes
(insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or IDDM)
Type II diabetes(non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or NIDDM)
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Pancreas Disorders (cont.)glucosuriadiabetic
nephropathydiabetic neuropathy
diabetic retinopathyacidosisketoacidosisketosis
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Endocrine System and CancerCancers occur commonly in the endocrine
systemThyroid cancer= remove gland +replace
hormonePancreatic cancer= fatal = No good
treatments
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Surgical TermsEndocrine glands that become diseased can
be surgically removed. Synthetic hormones replacementadenectomyadrenalectomyhypophysectomy
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Surgical Terms (cont.) pancreatectomyparathyroidectomythymectomyThyroidectomyhormone replacement therapy (HRT)antiphypoglycemicantihyperglycemic
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Surgical Terms (cont.)hypoglycemichuman growth hormonesteroidsradioactive iodine therapy
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Chapter ReviewRecall the parts/function of endocrine systemDefine combining forms used in building words
that relate to the endocrine system.Recall the common diagnoses, laboratory tests,
and clinical procedures used in treating disorders of the endocrine system.
Define the major pathological conditions of the endocrine system.
Define surgical terms related to the endocrine system.
Recognize common pharmacological agents used in treating disorders of the endocrine system.
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