Chapter 11, Lesson 4

Catholics & Protestants

It Matters Because:The struggle between Catholics

& Protestants during the Reformation shaped the

churches that we know today.

I. The Catholic ReformationA. Catholics saw Protestant Church emerging,

took steps to reform their own churchB. Council of Trent changed many Catholic practices

1. Ended sale of indulgences2. Enforced strict behavior code for priests & bishops3. Set up schools called seminaries for training new priests

C. The Jesuits, tried to bring Protestants back through teaching

1. Founded by Ignatius Loyola, AKA the Society of Jesus

II. SpainA. Catholicism remained strong in Spain

1. United under Catholic rulers Ferdinand & Isabella2. F&I began to distrust Europe’s Protestant countries

B. F&I forced Jews & Muslims to convert or leave Spain

1. Few converted, most left2. Began the Inquisition to enforce Catholic laws & royal orders

III. The Spanish InquisitionA. Religious court to put on trial & punish people accused of heresy

1. Heresy - claim that goes against church teaching2. Used torture to force confessions

B. In 1492, Spain ordered all Jews to convert to Catholicism or leave Spain

1. 1502, same order issued to Muslims2. Most left rather than convert

IV. Religious WarsA. By mid-1500s, most N. Europeans were Protestant, most in south were CatholicB. Rulers used religion to unite people

1. Country’s subjects expected to practice ruler’s faith

C. Religious differences led to wars between countries

1. Under Elizabeth I, England became leading Protestant power2. Spain was leading Catholic power3. When England supported Dutch rebellion against Spain, Spanish King Phillip II invaded England

D. Spain’s mighty fleet of huge warships known as the Spanish Armada

1. Sailed from Spain to invade England2. Forced to break formation to navigate narrow English Channel3. Smaller, more nimble English ships outmaneuvered Spain’s large ships4. Forced them to retreat

E. England gained respect as defenders of their island nation & the Protestant faith

IV. Religious Wars

F. France was divided by traditional Catholics & wealthy Calvinists called HuguenotsG. When 10-year-old Charles became king, his mother, Catherine de Medici, ruled for him

1. Civil war soon broke outH. Huguenot Henry of Navarre became King, converted to Catholicism to please the majority

1. Issued Edict of Nantes, making France officially Catholic, but legalizing Protestantism

IV. Religious Wars