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Chapter 11 Section 2!
The Russian Empire!
Russia’s Birth • Mountains
Carpathian Mountains Ural Mountains
Run North & South, divide Asia & Europe.
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Russia’s Birth • Mountains
Carpathian Mountains Ural Mountains
Run North & South, divide Asia & Europe.
• Rivers- Flow to Black Sea Volga (Dniester), Dnieper, Don
Russia’s Birth • Rivers- • Flow to Black Sea- ideal
for trade Access to Mediterranean
Volga (Dniester), Dnieper, Don
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Russia’s Birth • Rivers- • Flow to Black Sea- ideal
for trade Access to Mediterranean
Volga (Dniester), Dnieper, Don
• Vistula, Neman and Dvina provide regional transportation links.
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ª 1500 BC - SE Europe inhabited. ª Invade SW Asia
ª 400 AD Slavs settle Eastern Europe ª Invaders make Slavs into slaves.
ª 800’s Vikings from Scandinavia drove into Eastern Europe. ª Trade was primary interest ª Rivers aid in development of trade routes.
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Kievan Russia ª Rurik - leader of people called Rus
ª 826 AD Control from Novgorod to Kiev ª Kiev- Prospered because of location on
trade route ª Russian Capital for 300 years.
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Kievan Russia ª Religion
ª Christianity introduced 800 AD ª By 980 Vladimir I sent observers to church
services (Hagia Sophia) ª Impressed, admired the rituals of Orthodox
Christianity.
ª Vladimir I marries Anna, the sister of the Byzantine Emperor
Kievan Russia ª Religion
ª Christianity 800 AD ª By 980 Vladimir I sent observers to church
services (Hagia Sophia) ª Impressed, admired the rituals of Orthodox Christianity.
ª Vladimir I marries Anna, the sister of the Byzantine Emperor (Alliances)
ª 988 orders all Kievans to convert ª Pagan statues destroyed
ª Patriarch in Constatinople chose the bishop of Kievan church
ª Religious themes dominate Kievan culture ª Mosaics and Frescoes.
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Kievan Russia ª Yaroslav I 1019-1054
ª Also called Yaroslav the Wise ª Great period in Russian History
Kievan Russia ª Yaroslav I 1019-1054
ª Also called Yaroslav the Wise ª Great period in Russian History
ª Built many churches (400) ª Introduce Pravda Russkia
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Kievan Russia ª Yaroslav I 1019-1054
ª Also called Yaroslav the Wise ª Marries off his daughters and sisters to the Kings and
Princes of Western Europe ª Great period in Russian History
ª Built many churches ª Introduce Pravda Russkia
ª Pravda Russkia = Russian Justice ª Yaroslav code
ª Combines tribal customs with older traditional law. ª Outlines lawful responses in case of violence and other
crimes. ª Cornerstone to civilization
Kievan Russia
ª By 1000’s trade had helped Kievan Russia become a strong and wealthy power
ª Kiev and Byzantine empires Trade
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Kievan Russia ª Economy
ª Social classes emerge ª Top = Princes, Boyars ª Artisans and merchants ª Peasants - largest and lowest
ª Clergy…… not really government or economic but….
Chapter 11 Section 2 Russia & the Mongols
l Attacks on Kiev ª Kiev - declined because Kievan rulers gave
the outlying towns to their sons to rule independently
ª Princes fought among themselves
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Chapter 11 Section 2 Russia & the Mongols
l Polovtsy = Turkish people who after 1055 controlled area south of Kiev.
ª Interfered with Kiev’s trade
Chapter 11 Section 2 Russia & the Mongols
l Polovtsy = Turkish people who after 1055 controlled area south of Kiev.
ª Interfered with Kiev’s trade
l Kiev also suffered competition from Italian city states new trade routes.
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Russia & the Mongols l 1169-1203 - Kiev’s prosperity declines
l Mongols take advantage of Kiev’s weakness (Mongols from Russian Steppe area, east of Ural Mountains)
l 1240 Mongols had conquered or destroyed almost every city in Kievan Russia.
ª Continue on to Hungary - Poland
Russia & the Mongols l NOT ON TEST OR BOOK 1240 Mongols had conquered or destroyed almost every city in Kievan Russia.
ª Continue on to Hungary - Poland
l 1242 Mongols defeat Hungary and Polish Army ª Batu (Mongol leader) calls off attack & returns to Russia for election Batu wants to influence the choice. ª Hungary and Poland thus escape long term Mongol rule
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Russia & the Mongols ª Mongols control Kievan Russia until late
1400’s ª Strong influence on Slavic way of life
ª Roads, taxes & communication ª Taxed people heavily
ª As long as Slavs paid tax, they kept there Government and customs.
ª Alexander Nevsky – Novgorod’s prince and military hero, advised his fellow princes to cooperate with Mongols. Even helped crush revolts against the Mongols.
Russia & the Mongols ª Mongol rule contact with central and
western Europe DECLINES!
ª 1300’s Lithuania & Poland took territory from Kievan Russia (NOT IN BOOK) ª Kingdom hostile to Eastern Slavs ª Poles converted to Western Christianity ª Slavs kept Eastern Orthodox faith
ª This set the Slavs apart from the Poles & Mongols
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Russia & the Mongols ª Rise of Moscow
ª Mongol rule weakens ª Princes more independent
ª By 1300’s Moscow becomes major city. ª Moscow leader Prince Ivan I
ª Mongols award him title of Great Prince in 1328 ª Leader of Orthodox Church moved to Moscow ª Increased power of Moscow
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Rise of Moscow ª 1462 - 1505 Ivan III
ª Ivan the Great ª 1480 Ivan III no longer acknowledges
Mongols ª Becomes first ruler of independent state of
Russia (Absolute Monarch)
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Rise of Moscow ª Ivan IV = Ivan the terrible (NOT ON
TEST, CH 21 PG 608) ª 1533 - 3 years old ª Boyars actually rule ª 1547 Ivan IV takes over
Rise of Moscow ª Ivan IV = Ivan the terrible
ª 1533 - 3 years old ª Boyars actually rule ª 1547 Ivan IV takes over
ª Thinks of himself as true heir of Roman and Byzantine Empire
ª Czar or Caesar = Absolute Power. ª Builds modern legal code ª Renewed trade with the west ª Settles Siberia
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Rise of Moscow ª Ivan IV = Ivan the terrible
ª Power and authority of Russian Monarchs ª Laid down the foundation of new Russian
state
Rise of Moscow ª Ivan IV = Ivan the terrible
ª Oprichniki = personal group of Civil Servants ª Arrest Boyars and gave land to Ivan &
supporters ª Attack Novgorod and destroy the city
ª 1581 murders oldest son = Ivan the terrible
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Growth of Church ª Russian Orthodox church becomes
powerful by acquiring land ª By 1500 church was a major Russian
land owner ª Becomes more and more independent of
Constantinople. ª 1589 Moscow’s Church leader becomes
Patriarch = Moscow is now center of Russian Church.
Growth of Church ª 1453 Constantinople falls
ª Removes major source of competition for church leadership
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Growth of Church ª 1453 Constantinople falls
ª Removes major source of competition for church leadership
ª Moscow becomes 3rd Rome ª 1. Rome ª 2. Constantinople
