Chapter 11 The French Chapter 11 The French

RevolutionRevolutionSection 4- Napoleon’s EmpireSection 4- Napoleon’s Empire

TermsTerms dictatorship:dictatorship: A government A government

headed by an absolute ruler.headed by an absolute ruler. plebiscite:plebiscite: Direct popular Direct popular

vote on a program or issue.vote on a program or issue. nationalism:nationalism: Pride in one’s Pride in one’s

own nation; desire for own nation; desire for independence.independence.

Napoleon DictatorshipNapoleon Dictatorship Government under Government under absolute absolute

rulerruler.. Executive Branch- 3 members Executive Branch- 3 members

consisting of Consuls- consisting of Consuls- NapoleonNapoleon First Consul.First Consul.

Education under Napoleon’s Education under Napoleon’s governmentgovernment– Creates Creates technical schoolstechnical schools– Secondary schools- lyceesSecondary schools- lycees– UniversitiesUniversities

Napoleon Dictatorship con’tNapoleon Dictatorship con’t Financial SystemFinancial System

– Creates Creates Bank of FranceBank of France– Requires all citizens to pay taxes.Requires all citizens to pay taxes.– Collected taxes allowed govt to make Collected taxes allowed govt to make

business loans.business loans.– Brought Brought inflationinflation and high prices under and high prices under

control.control. Supporters welcome Napoleon’s Supporters welcome Napoleon’s

strong government.strong government. 1802: Napoleon named himself 1802: Napoleon named himself Consul Consul

for lifefor life-- approved by plebiscite. approved by plebiscite.

Napoleonic CodeNapoleonic Code To make To make French law clearFrench law clear, Napoleon , Napoleon

had a new law code written.had a new law code written. EqualityEquality of all citizens before the law. of all citizens before the law. Advancement based on Advancement based on meritmerit not on not on

birthright.birthright. Placed state above the individualPlaced state above the individual

– LimitedLimited freedom of speech & press. freedom of speech & press.– Women lost many rights gained in Women lost many rights gained in

Revolution.Revolution.– Male heads of households given extensive Male heads of households given extensive

authority over wives and minor children.authority over wives and minor children.

Concordat of 1801Concordat of 1801

Agreement between Napoleon & Agreement between Napoleon & Pope Pius VIIPope Pius VII..

Acknowledged Catholicism while Acknowledged Catholicism while maintaining religious maintaining religious tolerancetolerance..

Pope agreed to Pope agreed to lossloss of church of church lands.lands.

Govt paid clergy salaries.Govt paid clergy salaries.

Building an EmpireBuilding an Empire

Military leadershipMilitary leadership Forms Diplomatic alliancesForms Diplomatic alliances Napoleon crowns himself Napoleon crowns himself

Emperor in 1804Emperor in 1804

Battle of TrafalgarBattle of Trafalgar

1805: Napoleon attacks 1805: Napoleon attacks Great Great Britain’s NavyBritain’s Navy..

French navyFrench navy defeated at Battle defeated at Battle of Trafalgar- off the southern of Trafalgar- off the southern coast of Spain.coast of Spain.

British Admiral, British Admiral, Lord NelsonLord Nelson, , victorious. Died at end of battle.victorious. Died at end of battle.

Economic BlockadesEconomic Blockades Napoleon tries to defeat British Napoleon tries to defeat British

thru economic warfare thru economic warfare (Continental System).(Continental System).

Continental SystemContinental System– Napoleon ordered all French-Napoleon ordered all French-

conquered nations to conquered nations to stop tradestop trade with with British.British.

– Required Russia & Prussia to go Required Russia & Prussia to go along with along with blockadeblockade of British goods. of British goods.

– Failed because British still Failed because British still controlled controlled seas.seas.

Napoleonic EuropeNapoleonic Europe 1812: France stretches to 1812: France stretches to Russian borderRussian border

(had conquered Italy, Spain & Holland).(had conquered Italy, Spain & Holland). Napoleon Napoleon abolishesabolishes the Holy Roman Empire. the Holy Roman Empire.

– Establishes Confederation of the Rhine Establishes Confederation of the Rhine (German States).(German States).

Prussia declares war- defeated by French.Prussia declares war- defeated by French. Resentment by French-conquered nations Resentment by French-conquered nations

prompts prompts nationalismnationalism (loss of land, property, (loss of land, property, people to French army). They want own people to French army). They want own culture & traditions. Begin Revolts against culture & traditions. Begin Revolts against France.France.

Spanish oust French under the command of Spanish oust French under the command of Duke of Wellington (Arthur Wesley) & Duke of Wellington (Arthur Wesley) & reinstate king and limited monarchy.reinstate king and limited monarchy.

Downfall of EmpireDownfall of Empire Russian Czar, Russian Czar, Alexander IAlexander I, withdrew from , withdrew from

Continental SystemContinental System.. Napoleon invaded Napoleon invaded RussiaRussia and was and was defeateddefeated

(400,000/600,000 French troops die).(400,000/600,000 French troops die). 1813: Napoleon defeated by Russia, 1813: Napoleon defeated by Russia,

Prussia, Spain, Great Britain, Austria, Italy.Prussia, Spain, Great Britain, Austria, Italy. 1814: Napoleon 1814: Napoleon abdicatesabdicates as Emperor. as Emperor.

Throne restored to Throne restored to Louis XVIIILouis XVIII..– Napoleon exiled to Napoleon exiled to ElbaElba (island off Italy). (island off Italy). – French bordersFrench borders returned to that of 1792. returned to that of 1792.

Downfall of Empire con’t Downfall of Empire con’t 1815: Napoleon returns and reigns during period 1815: Napoleon returns and reigns during period

‘100 Days”‘100 Days” and vows France wants no more land. and vows France wants no more land. Prussia, Great Britain, Netherlands, under Prussia, Great Britain, Netherlands, under Duke Duke

of Wellingtonof Wellington, fear Napoleon. Napoleon defeated , fear Napoleon. Napoleon defeated at at WaterlooWaterloo (Austrian Netherlands). (Austrian Netherlands).

Napoleon Napoleon arrestedarrested 1821: dies on island of St. Helena in South 1821: dies on island of St. Helena in South

Atlantic. Atlantic.

Enemies of Napoleon: Enemies of Napoleon: Duke Wellington Czar Duke Wellington Czar

Alexander 1st, Alexander 1st,

WINNERS!!!

neVER Attack Russia! They be chillin!

WaterlooWaterloo

Napoleon’s LegacyNapoleon’s Legacy Spread Spread ideas of equalityideas of equality.. Religious Religious tolerancetolerance.. Advancement by Advancement by meritmerit not birth. not birth. Uniformed Uniformed standardsstandards of govt. of govt. Reformed Reformed tax systemstax systems.. promoted promoted educationeducation.. ImprovedImproved agriculture and industry agriculture and industry

French people wanted to keep French people wanted to keep freedoms they fought for during freedoms they fought for during Revolution and after Napoleon’s Revolution and after Napoleon’s Empire.Empire.