Chapter 12 Section 3

Deborah Thompson

Mongol soldiers used silk clothes instead of heavy armor in battle. When a soldier was hit with an arrow, the arrow entered the soldier’s body but could be easily removed because the arrowhead was caught in the soldier’s silk clothing.

Who were the Mongols?• Genghis Khan and his sons built the

Mongol Empire, which stretched from the Pacific Ocean to Eastern Europe

• The Mongols conquered China and created a new dynasty that tried to conquer Japan and began trading with the rest of Asia.

• They lived in tribes, or groups of related families.

• They were nomadic herders who grazed their animals on the steppes, wide, rolling grassy plains.

Mongols were known for:

Ability to ridehorses

Ability to wage war

His name was Temujin, which means “blacksmith.”

He became Genghis Khanwhich means

“strong ruler.”

Invaded China in

1211 then conquered kingdoms

that controlled

parts of the Silk Road

Drafted a law code

Chose army

officers for

ability, not family

ties

Gathered an army of 100,000 soldiers

Created a group of tribal chiefs to help him plan militarycampaigns

1st conquered steppes

Actions of Genghis Khan

Ghengis Khan died in 1227, and

his empire was dividedAmong 4 sons.his grandson united

the empire

Baghdad fell to Mongols in

1258. Egyptians stoppedtheir advance.

The Mongolscreated the largestempire the worldhad ever seen.

They learned They learned much much from the from the Chinese, Chinese, including including gunpowdegunpowderr and the and the fire fire lance.lance.

They learned They learned much much from the from the Chinese, Chinese, including including gunpowdegunpowderr and the and the fire fire lance.lance.

Peace helped Peace helped

Mongols gain Mongols gain wealthwealth through through

taxing tradetaxing trade..

Adoptedinventions and

ideas helpedstrenghthen

theMongol military.

They They

respected respected

culturescultures

of placesof places

conquered and conquered and

adopted beliefsadopted beliefs

and and customscustoms

of many of many

places.places.

Kublai KhanKublai Khanbecame thebecame thenew khannew khan

(ruler).(ruler).

He completely wiped out the Song Dynasty

within a decade by conquering southern China.

He moved theHe moved theCapital from Capital from Karakorum toKarakorum to

KhanbaliqKhanbaliq(now modern(now modern

BeijingBeijing).).

Mongols conquered Mongols conquered ChinaChina and created a new dynasty and created a new dynasty that tried to conquer that tried to conquer JapanJapan and began trading with and began trading with

the rest of the rest of AsiaAsia..

He set up the Yuan Dynasty.Yuan means beginning. It lasted for only about 100 years,and 30 of that was led by Kublai

Khan

This is a painting depicting Mongols under the Dynasty. Notice the dress of the people and skin color.

Mongol Empire Under Genghis Khan 1227

Mongol Empire 1294

Mongols in

China

Mongol leaders had top

government jobs.

The Mongols had a policy of tolerance.

Many Chinesescholar-officialsran the

Government.

The Mongolshad their own

language,laws, andcustoms.

There was littlemixing with the

Chinese.

Mongols were mostly Buddhist,

but they allowed other religions from outside

China to exist within the empire.

Mongols welcomed foreigners

because they mistrusted the

Chinese.

Many foreigners came

to China because of wider trade

with the west.

F l o w o f Go o ds i n Ch i na

Imported silver, spices,carpets, and cotton.

E xported tea, silk,porcelain, steel, gunpowder ,

and the compass.

China became very wealthy during Mongol rule. Khanbaliq was known for its

splendor and accommodations.

pppppImports:

silver, spices, carpets,

and cotton

Exports:Tea, silk, porcelain, and

discoveries such as:gunpowder, the compass

and steelmaking

“I did not tell half of what I saw.”

-these were the last words of Marco Polo

Importance of Marco Polo

He traveled from Venice,

Italy to China in the 1200s to serve

Kublai Khan.

He made many exploratorytrips for Kublai Khan in 16

years and wrote a bookabout his travels and about

the wonders of China.

Mongolinvasio

ns

Koryo (leaders in

Korea) accepted

the Mongols like the Chinese

and remained in

power there.

Mongols conquered Vietnam and North

Korea.

Forced labor in Korea

helped the Mongols plan an

invasion on the island nation of

Japan.