Chapter 13Section 1

CHARLEMAGNE UNITES

GERMANIC KINGDOMS

Middle AgesFranksMonasterySecularCarolingian DynastyCharlemagne

VOCAB

Disruption of trade: Constant invasion collapsed merchant businesses;

destroyed Europe’s cities as economic centers; money was scarce

Downfall of Cities: Fall of the Roman Empire cities were abandoned as places

of administration Population Shifts:

As cities were in decline people moved to the country to grow their own food. Europe’s population became mostly rural

INVASIONS OF WESTERN EUROPE

Decline of Learning

German invaders were illiterate

Only priest and church offi cials could read and write

Knowledge of Greek and Roman literature, science, and philosophy almost lost completely

Loss of Common Lang.

German speaking people mixed with the Romans Latin changed

800’s French and Spanish had emerged

Continued the break-up of a once unified empire

INVASIONS OF WESTERN EUROPE

The concept of Government Changes: Germanic society held together by family ties and loyalty;

not written law or public government

German citizens would fight along their kings Seen as a disgrace to outlive their king\

Felt no obligation to a king or emperor they have never met Impossible to govern large areas of land

GERMANIC KINGDOMS EMERGE

Clovis Rules the Franks: A people called the Franks were in control of the land of

Gaul (France) Clovis was their leader In 496 out of fear of defeat Clovis prayed to the Christian

God for aid. He won the battle and he and his 3,000 men were baptized

(converted to Christianity) 511 Clovis united all the Franks The church in Rome supported Clovis and his military

campaign

GERMANIC KINGDOMS EMERGE

Politics play a large role in the spread of Christianity600 the church with help of the Frankish rulers

converted many Germanic people to ChristianityMissionaries (religious travelers) help to spread as

wellConstant fear of Muslim attacks in Southern Europe

also spur many converts

GERMANS ADOPT CHRISTIANITY

Monasteries, Convents, Manuscripts: Monastery: religious community where monks gave up

private possessions and devoted life to serving God

Convent: Monastery for women called nuns

Monasteries become best educated communities in Europe; responsible for preserving Rome’s intellectual heritage

GERMANS ADOPT CHRISTIANITY

Papal Power Extends Under Gregory I: 590 C.E. Greg becomes Pope and turns the papacy into a

secular power (worldly power involved in politics) Greg will use the church revenues to raise armies, fix roads,

and help the poor, and negotiate treaties Considered Italy-England; and Spain to Germany his

responsibility Creating a kingdom of the church ruled by the pope.

GERMANS ADOPT CHRISTIANITY

Charles Martel and Pepin the Short 719 Frankish Kingdom falls into the hands of Charles Martel

(Charles the Hammer) Expands Frankish Kingdom Defeats Muslims from Spain at Battle of Tours; preserve

Christianity in Western Europe Martel dies power goes to his son Pepin the Short Pepin negotiates with the pope; he will fight the Lombards

if the pope will grace him “king by the grace of God” Pope agrees and the Carolingian Dynasty is born

AN EMPIRE EVOLVES

When Pepin died in 768 he left the kingdom to his two sons Carloman and Charles

Carloman dies in 771 leaving Charles in charge of the entire kingdom

Charles becomes known as Charlemagne; Charles the Great.

CHARLEMAGNE BECOMES EMPEROR

Charlemagne Extends Frankish Rule: Builds empire greater than any other since ancient Rome Through conquests he extends Christianity and reunites

Western Europe for the first time since the Roman Empire 800 Charlemagne goes to defend the pope from an angry

mob; in return Pope Leo III gives him the title “Roman Emperor”

Symbolizing the joining of Germanic, Church, and Roman heritage

CHARLEMAGNE BECOMES EMPEROR

Charlemagne’s Heirs: 814 Charlemagne makes his son Louis the Pious Emperor;

he is ineffective ruler Louis leaves the empire to his 3 sons, Lothair, Charles the

Bald, Louis the German They fight over control and sign the Treaty of Verdun

Divides the empire into 3 kingdoms Carolingian kings lose power and central authority over

Western Europe Loss of strong leadership will lead to new kind of governing

and landholding------feudalism

CHARLEMAGNE BECOMES EMPEROR

What were Pepin the Short’s two sons names?

How many kingdoms did the Treaty of Verdun create?

Who was the fi rst Christian King of the Franks?

Who extend the authority of the papacy?

What important battle did Charles Martel win against the Muslims?

POP QUIZ