CHAPTER 13 CHAPTER 13 SECTION 2SECTION 2WESTERN WESTERN EUROPEEUROPE

CULTURAL DIVISIONSCULTURAL DIVISIONS

Rome conquered the Celts in the north Rome conquered the Celts in the north and all of what is now France.and all of what is now France.The German king The German king Charlemagne Charlemagne united united most of the region in the 700’s.most of the region in the 700’s.After his death, Europe remained in After his death, Europe remained in small small competing kingdoms.competing kingdoms.

LOOK AT THE TIMELINE ON PAGE 296LOOK AT THE TIMELINE ON PAGE 296WHAT CULTURAL FIGURES WERE WHAT CULTURAL FIGURES WERE IMPORTANT BEFORE 1600? IMPORTANT BEFORE 1600?

THE REFORMATIONTHE REFORMATIONIN 1517, MARTIN LUTHER CHALLENGED

THE PRACTICES OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCHIN GERMANY.

IN ENGLAND, KING HENRY VIII, FORMEDTHE ANGLICAN CHURCH

THIS LED TO THE REFORMATION,THE BEGINNING OF PROTESTANT CHURCHES.

TODAY, FRANCE IS MOSTLY CATHOLIC, BUT NETHERLANDS, SWITZERLAND, AND GERMANY

ARE MOSTLY PROTESTANT.

NATIONALISMNATIONALISM

AFTER ROME FELL, AFTER ROME FELL,

FEUDALISMFEUDALISM DEVELOPED DEVELOPED

LOOK ON PAGE LOOK ON PAGE 297297—WHAT IS —WHAT IS FEUDALISM?FEUDALISM?

THIS PRACTICE LED TOTHIS PRACTICE LED TO NATIONALISM NATIONALISM, , OR LOYALTY TO NATIONS AND STATES.OR LOYALTY TO NATIONS AND STATES.

RIVALRIES DEVELOPED BETWEEN RIVALRIES DEVELOPED BETWEEN NATIONS THAT LED TO CENTURIES OF NATIONS THAT LED TO CENTURIES OF WARS. WARS.

INDUSTRIAL GROWTHINDUSTRIAL GROWTHAND COLONIALISMAND COLONIALISM

IN THE 1800’S, IN THE 1800’S,

INDUSTRIES INDUSTRIES

DEVELOPEDDEVELOPED

COUNTRIES LOOKED COUNTRIES LOOKED

BEYOND THEIR BEYOND THEIR

BORDERS FOR RESOURCESBORDERS FOR RESOURCES

THIS LED TO THIS LED TO COLONIZING COLONIZING OTHER TERRITORY IN ASIA, OTHER TERRITORY IN ASIA, THE PACIFIC, SOUTH THE PACIFIC, SOUTH AMERICA, AND AFRICA.AMERICA, AND AFRICA.

MODERN CONFLICTS:MODERN CONFLICTS: WORLD WAR I WORLD WAR I

NATIONALISM AND RIVALRY CAUSED COUNTRIES TO FORM

ALLIANCES.

THIS LED TO WORLD WAR I:

GERMANY, AUSTRA-HUNGARY, AND THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

AGAINST

BRITAIN, FRANCE, RUSSIA, AND THE UNITED STATES

WORLD WAR IIWORLD WAR II

GERMANY’S RESENTMENT OVER THE GERMANY’S RESENTMENT OVER THE TERMS OF PAYMENT FOR LOSING IN TERMS OF PAYMENT FOR LOSING IN WORLD WAR I, LED TO WORLD WAR II.WORLD WAR I, LED TO WORLD WAR II.

GERMANY’S MASS MURDER OF JEWS GERMANY’S MASS MURDER OF JEWS AND OTHER MINORITY GROUPS WAS AND OTHER MINORITY GROUPS WAS CALLED THE HOLOCAUST.CALLED THE HOLOCAUST.

AFTER THE WAR, GERMANY WAS SPLIT AFTER THE WAR, GERMANY WAS SPLIT INTO EAST AND WEST GERMANY.INTO EAST AND WEST GERMANY.

DACHAU CONCENTRATION DACHAU CONCENTRATION CAMPCAMP

NEAR MUNICH, GERMANYNEAR MUNICH, GERMANY

THE ENTRANCE GATE TO DACHAUCONCENTRATION CAMP NEAR MUNICH, GERMANY

THE PRISONERS WALKED THROUGH THIS THE PRISONERS WALKED THROUGH THIS GATE AS THEY ARRIVED.GATE AS THEY ARRIVED.

THE WORDS SAY: THE WORDS SAY: “WORK MAKES YOU FREE.”“WORK MAKES YOU FREE.”

THE BARRACKS WHERE PRISONERS SLEPTTHREE TO A BED WITHOUT BLANKETS.

THEY HAD TO TURN OVER IN UNISON AS THEY SLEPTTO AVOID BED SORES AND BRUISES.

THE GUARD TOWER NEXT TO DOUBLED ELECTRIFIED FENCES.

AT ITS PEAK, DACHAU HELD 30,000 PRISONERS: JEWS, PRIESTS, GYPSIES,

AND PHYSICALLY AND MENTALLY CHALLENGED.

THE CREMATORIUMS

TODAY, THE GERMAN GOVERNMENT REQUIRESALL STUDENTS TO VISIT

A CONCENTRATION CAMPAS PART OF A CLASS

TRIP.

THEY INSIST THAT THEGERMANS “NEVER

FORGET.”

EUROPE AFTER WORLD EUROPE AFTER WORLD WAR IIWAR II

THROUGHOUT BERLIN TODAY, BRASS MARKERS IN THEBRICKS IN THE STREETS

MARK WHERE THE WALL STOODFROM 1961-1989.

A 400 METER-LONG SECTION

OF THE BERLIN WALL STILL STANDS

NEAR THEBRANDENBERG GATE.

WEST BERLINERS WROTE AND PAINTED

GRAFITTI TOPROTEST

THE EXISTENCEOF THE WALL.

THIS VOLKSWAGEN WAS USED TO HIDE PEOPLEIN THEIR ATTEMPT TO ESCAPE TO WEST GERMANY.

THE MANNEQUINSHOWS HOW

SOMEONEHID IN THE TRUNK.

THE SIGN AT“CHECKPOINT CHARLIE,”

THE AMERICANCONTROL GATE IN

BERLIN WAS WRITTENIN RUSSIAN, FRENCH, ENGLISH,

AND GERMAN.

In 1990, GERMANY REUNITEDIn 1990, GERMANY REUNITED

GERMANY BECAME A GERMANY BECAME A LEADER IN THE LEADER IN THE

EUROPEAN UNION.EUROPEAN UNION.

WHAT ARE SOME OF WHAT ARE SOME OF THE RESULTS OF A THE RESULTS OF A

MORE UNIFIED MORE UNIFIED EUROPE?EUROPE?

FARMING TO HIGH-TECHFARMING TO HIGH-TECH

WHAT WHAT LANDFORMLANDFORM IS THE IS THE REASON FOR AGRICULTURAL REASON FOR AGRICULTURAL SUCCESS IN WESTERN SUCCESS IN WESTERN EUROPE?EUROPE?GERMANYGERMANY IS A LEADER IN IS A LEADER IN THE PRODUCTION OF STEEL THE PRODUCTION OF STEEL AND MANUFACTURINGAND MANUFACTURINGFRANCEFRANCE HAS DEVELOPED HAS DEVELOPED HIGH SPEED TRAINS AND HIGH SPEED TRAINS AND NUCLEAR PLANTS THAT FUEL NUCLEAR PLANTS THAT FUEL 75% OF ITS ENERGY.75% OF ITS ENERGY.SWITZERLAND’S SWITZERLAND’S NEUTRALITY NEUTRALITY IN WAR HELPED DEVELOPED IN WAR HELPED DEVELOPED ITS STABLE BANKING ITS STABLE BANKING INDUSTRY.INDUSTRY.