Chapter 14The Civil Rights Movement 1945–

1975

Who is this woman ?

Why is this man impt ?

The Civil Rights Movement 1954 – 1968

Section 1 : Early Demands for Equality

Jim Crow Laws –de jure segregation

Supreme Court declares segregation constitutional ( legal).

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

African Americans had same rights ,but used separate facilities that were “EQUAL “.

Laws that segregated African

Americans .

Segregated areas in buses,trains, parks, pools,

restaurants & other public facilities.

Poorer quality than White facilities. De facto Segregation Segregation by unwritten custom or

tradition, e.g. – neighborhoods, dances churches restaurants & other public facilities.

New Political Power

Great Migration – African Americans moved to Northern cities, were allowed to vote. The Democratic party listened to their concerns/issues and so African Americans registered as Democrats.

Before WW I , most African Americans lived in the South

Push for Desegregation

CORE- Congress of Racial Equality founded by James Farmer/George Houser. Believed in NONVIOLENCE.

During WW II , African Americans began to demand more rights,esp in the military.

Began to use SIT-INS as form of protest. Attempted to desegregate restaurants that refused to serve African-Americans. Intended to shame restaurant managers into allowing African Americans to be served the same as White customers.

Brown v. Board of Education . Linda Brown – African American young girl

denied the right to attend her neighborhood

school in Topeka, Kansas.

Supreme Court unanimously ruled segregation was unconstitutional & violated equal protection clause of 14th amendment.

Thurgood Marshall – NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) attorney argued before Supreme Court. for end of segregation in public schools.

REVIEW Explain the relationship between 2 court cases

– Plessy v Ferguson & Brown v. Board of Education

Explain the Great Migration – what happened to the population in the South, in the North ?

Explain the difference between Jim Crow Laws and De Facto Segregation, give an example of each.

Little Rock Arkansas Court order requiring 9 African-

American students to be admitted to all white Central H. S.

Eisenhower sends federal troops in to protect students.

Gov. Orval Faubus, -

Ordered to remove the troops, he left the school to the mobs of angry protesters who vandalized the school and scared students.

Was seeking re election. Although a moderate on racial issues he wanted to win the support of White voters. Ordered troops form AK National Guard to

prevent African American students from entering school to register.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xERXusiEszs

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Boycott by African Americans of the bus system throughout Montgomery Alabama. Response to Rosa Parks being arrested.

Led by 26 year old Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Start of new era in civil rights movement – organized protests, defying laws that required segregation and demanded to be treated the same as whites.

• Ph.D. in theology.

• Followed teachings of Indian leader Gandhi –

NONVIOLENCE

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJ1OO5iBWCQ

African American Churches

Played critical role in the civil rights movement.

SCLC – Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Led by African American ministers ( Martin Luther King) :

goal to eliminate segregation from American

society Encourage African Americans to vote.

Challenged segregation at voting booths, public transportation, housing and accommodations.