Chapter 14

The World beyond the West: India, China, and Japan

(ca. 500–1300)

India

Caste system Islam Hinduism

Brahma – creator Vishnu – preserver Shiva – regeneration

Indian Religious Literature Sanskrit, focused on the Vedic mythology of India

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India (continued)

Indian poetry Indian architecture

Hindu temple: private, individual devotion Designed on cosmic mandala and governed by divine numerology Kandariya Mahadeo temple

Indian music and dance Melodic sequences: ragas Rhythms: talas Music inseparable from the dance

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China

China in the Tang Era Confucianism

Ban on Buddhism

Buddhism, Daoism, and Confucianism

Dwarfed the Carolingian Empire

Tang bureaucrats

Civil service examinations

Position of women

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China (continued)

China in the Song Era Cultural and technological advancements

Bodhisattva of compassion feminized

Technology in the Tang and Song Eras Printing

Water mill

Wheelbarrow

Gunpowder and foot stirrup

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China (continued)

Chinese literature Three Kingdoms – epic novel

Chinese music and poetry Li Bo

Du Fu

Bo Zhuyi

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China (continued)

Chinese landscape painting Tied to the ideas of Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism; contemplative

Chinese crafts Silks, ceramics, porcelain

Chinese architecture Tied to the ideas of Daoism; empathetically horizontal buildings laid out according to cosmic axis; primary material for building was wood

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Japan

Japanese prose literature

Buddhism in Japan

The age of the samurai: the Kamakura shogunate (1185–1333)

Nō drama

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