Chapter 15: PersonalityChapter 15: Personality

Analyze This!

I Think I Can

What’s your sign?

Culture Shapes

So, who are you?

400

1. Freud’s technique in which the patient 1. Freud’s technique in which the patient spontaneously reports all thoughts, spontaneously reports all thoughts, feelings and images as they come to feelings and images as they come to mind.mind.

• A) psychoanalysis.

• B) dream interpretation.

• C) free association.

• D) psychotherapy.

2.2. According to Freud, the According to Freud, the realreal meaning of the dream could be meaning of the dream could be found in its:found in its:

• A) unconscious revelation.

• B) manifest content.

• C) symbolic personification.

• D) latent content.

3. According to Freud, “I want it, and I 3. According to Freud, “I want it, and I want it, now,” refers to the part of the want it, now,” refers to the part of the personality called the:personality called the:

• A) superego.

• B) id.

• C) ego.

• D) eros.

4. Threatened by his own attraction to 4. Threatened by his own attraction to other males, Mr. Jones leads an active other males, Mr. Jones leads an active campaign campaign against against gay rights. He is gay rights. He is displaying the ego defense mechanism:displaying the ego defense mechanism:

• A) denial.

• B) reaction formation.

• C) sublimation.

• D) displacement.

5.5. Jung believed that the deepest part Jung believed that the deepest part of the individual psyche is that which of the individual psyche is that which is shared by all people, called the:is shared by all people, called the:

• A) identification process.

• B) fixation phenomenon.

• C) Oedipus complex.

• D) collective unconscious.

6. According to Maslow, we are naturally, 6. According to Maslow, we are naturally, internally driven to be the best that we can internally driven to be the best that we can be, achieving the goal of:be, achieving the goal of:

• A) self-actualization.

• B) self-concept.

• C) analytic insight.

• D) personal betterment.

7. Humanistic psychologists differed 7. Humanistic psychologists differed from psychoanalytic theorists by from psychoanalytic theorists by focusing on:focusing on:

• A) reinforced behaviors.

• B) unconscious motives.

• C) the healthy personality.

• D) early childhood influences.

8. “I do not approve of your behavior, but I 8. “I do not approve of your behavior, but I still love and value you as a person,” still love and value you as a person,” shows that a parent has ___ for his/her shows that a parent has ___ for his/her child. child.

• A) actualizing tendency

• B) unconditional positive regard

• C) compassionate parenting

• D) conditional positive regard

9. According to Humanistic Psychology, the 9. According to Humanistic Psychology, the water, sun and nutrients that nurture our water, sun and nutrients that nurture our personalities include all of the following, personalities include all of the following, except:except:

• A) genuineness.

• B) acceptance.

• C) self-actualization.

• D) empathy.

10. A major criticism of the 10. A major criticism of the humanistic perspective is: humanistic perspective is:

• A) it minimizes the evil side of human nature.

• B) it has no relevance to psychotherapy.

• C) it discounts the ideal of a healthy personality.

• D) it is based solely on childhood memories and conflicts.

11. A trait is:11. A trait is:

• A) a description of our outward appearance.

• B) a repeated pattern of behavior.

• C) an unconscious motive driving our behavior.

• D) a relatively stable predisposition to act and feel in a certain way.

12. A test based on Carl Jung’s 12. A test based on Carl Jung’s personality types and used by 89 of personality types and used by 89 of the 100 largest corporations is the: the 100 largest corporations is the:

• A) Rorschach Test.

• B) TAT.

• C) Myers-Briggs.

• D) MMPI.

13. According to Hans and Sybil Eysenck, 13. According to Hans and Sybil Eysenck, personality can be described in terms of personality can be described in terms of two dimensions, including two dimensions, including stability-stability-instabilityinstability, and:, and:

• A) intrinsic-extrinsic.

• B) conscious-unconscious.

• C) extroversion-introversion.

• D) happy-depressed.

14. Through factor analysis, 14. Through factor analysis, personality theorists have more personality theorists have more recently identified those basic traits, recently identified those basic traits, called:called:

• A) the 16PF.

• B) the Big Five.

• C) the MMPI.

• D) fundamental personality factors.

15. In predicting from one Big Five 15. In predicting from one Big Five attribute to another, “night owls” were attribute to another, “night owls” were more likely to be:more likely to be:

• A) extraverts.

• B) agreeable.

• C) open.

• D) conscientious.

16. Bandura called the process of 16. Bandura called the process of interacting with the environment ____. interacting with the environment ____.

• A) self-efficacy

• B) social-cognitive

• C) social-cultural

• D) reciprocal determinism

17. When someone relies on “fate” or 17. When someone relies on “fate” or something like astrology to choose an something like astrology to choose an action implies: action implies:

• A) mental retardation.

• B) an external locus of control.

• C) learned helplessness.

• D) an internal locus of control.

18. When Martin Seligman experimented 18. When Martin Seligman experimented with dogs and electric shock, he found they with dogs and electric shock, he found they eventually gave up. This was because of:eventually gave up. This was because of:

• A) external locus of control.

• B) learned helplessness.

• C) unstable personality.

• D) reciprocal determinism.

19. The best predictor of future behavior 19. The best predictor of future behavior is to look atis to look at::

• A) the Big Five.

• B) personality test results.

• C) past behavior in similar situations.

• D) achievement test scores.

20. Some psychologists criticize the 20. Some psychologists criticize the social-cognitive perspective because it:social-cognitive perspective because it:

• A) fails to appreciate the person’s inner traits.

• B) is too scientific.

• C) is too descriptive and not testable.

• D) has no relevance to psychotherapy.

21. Teens are especially prone to this 21. Teens are especially prone to this phenomenon, afraid that everyone will phenomenon, afraid that everyone will notice their behavior and judge it.notice their behavior and judge it.

• A) self-efficacy

• B) spotlight effect

• C) self-actualization

• D) self-serving bias

22. A projective test that requires a 22. A projective test that requires a person look at several pictures and make person look at several pictures and make up stores is the:up stores is the:

• A) Rorschach Inkblot Test.

• B) MMPI.

• C) 16PF.

• D) TAT.

23. Items forming the depression scale of 23. Items forming the depression scale of the MMPI were “empirically derived,” the MMPI were “empirically derived,” meaning: meaning:

• A) they were randomly selected from a large pool of statements.

• B) they were the most popular when people were surveyed.

• C) they were found to correlate with other measures of depression.

• D) they were selected from a large pool of items by people with depression.

24: The most widely used personality 24: The most widely used personality test is the:test is the:

• A) MMPI.

• B) Rorschach Inkblot Test.

• C) TAT.

• D) 16PF.

25. Because its popularity of use has 25. Because its popularity of use has exceeded research on its value as a exceeded research on its value as a predictor, the Journal of Psychological predictor, the Journal of Psychological Type has contributed to the scientific study Type has contributed to the scientific study of this test, the:of this test, the:

• A) Rorschach Inkblot Test.

• B) MMPI.

• C) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.

• D) TAT.

Stop here, or continue as a review

1. Freud’s technique in which the patient 1. Freud’s technique in which the patient spontaneously reports all thoughts, spontaneously reports all thoughts, feelings and images as they come to feelings and images as they come to mind.mind.

• A) psychoanalysis.

• B) dream interpretation.

• C) free association.

• D) psychotherapy.

597

2.2. According to Freud, the According to Freud, the realreal meaning of the dream could be meaning of the dream could be found in its:found in its:

• A) unconscious revelation.

• B) manifest content.

• C) symbolic personification.

• D) latent content.

598

3. According to Freud, “I want it, and I 3. According to Freud, “I want it, and I want it, now,” refers to the part of the want it, now,” refers to the part of the personality called the:personality called the:

• A) superego.

• B) id.

• C) ego.

• D) eros.

598

4. Threatened by his own attraction to 4. Threatened by his own attraction to other males, Mr. Jones leads an active other males, Mr. Jones leads an active campaign campaign against against gay rights. He is gay rights. He is displaying the ego defense mechanism:displaying the ego defense mechanism:

• A) denial.

• B) reaction formation.

• C) sublimation.

• D) displacement.

600

5.5. Jung believed that the deepest part Jung believed that the deepest part of the individual psyche is that which of the individual psyche is that which is shared by all people, called the:is shared by all people, called the:

• A) identification process.

• B) fixation phenomenon.

• C) Oedipus complex.

• D) collective unconscious.

601

6. According to Maslow, we are naturally, 6. According to Maslow, we are naturally, internally driven to be the best that we can internally driven to be the best that we can be, achieving the goal of:be, achieving the goal of:

• A) self-actualization.

• B) self-concept.

• C) analytic insight.

• D) personal betterment.

609

7. Humanistic psychologists differed 7. Humanistic psychologists differed from psychoanalytic theorists by from psychoanalytic theorists by focusing on:focusing on:

• A) reinforced behaviors.

• B) unconscious motives.

• C) the healthy personality.

• D) early childhood influences.

609

8. “I do not approve of your behavior, but I 8. “I do not approve of your behavior, but I still love and value you as a person,” still love and value you as a person,” shows that a parent has ___ for his/her shows that a parent has ___ for his/her child. child.

• A) actualizing tendency

• B) unconditional positive regard

• C) compassionate parenting

• D) conditional positive regard

610

9. According to Humanistic Psychology, the 9. According to Humanistic Psychology, the water, sun and nutrients that nurture our water, sun and nutrients that nurture our personalities include all of the following, personalities include all of the following, except:except:

• A) genuineness.

• B) acceptance.

• C) self-actualization.

• D) empathy.

610

10. A major criticism of the 10. A major criticism of the humanistic perspective is: humanistic perspective is:

• A) it minimizes the evil side of human nature.

• B) it has no relevance to psychotherapy.

• C) it discounts the ideal of a healthy personality.

• D) it is based solely on childhood memories and conflicts.

612

11. A trait is:11. A trait is:

• A) a description of our outward appearance.

• B) a repeated pattern of behavior.

• C) an unconscious motive driving our behavior.

• D) a relatively stable predisposition to act and feel in a certain way.

613

12. A test based on Carl Jung’s 12. A test based on Carl Jung’s personality types and used by 89 of personality types and used by 89 of the 100 largest corporations is the: the 100 largest corporations is the:

• A) Rorschach Test.

• B) TAT.

• C) Myers-Briggs.

• D) MMPI.

613

13. According to Hans and Sybil Eysenck, 13. According to Hans and Sybil Eysenck, personality can be described in terms of personality can be described in terms of two dimensions, including two dimensions, including stability-stability-instabilityinstability, and:, and:

• A) intrinsic-extrinsic.

• B) conscious-unconscious.

• C) extroversion-introversion.

• D) happy-depressed.

614

14. Through factor analysis, 14. Through factor analysis, personality theorists have more personality theorists have more recently identified those basic traits, recently identified those basic traits, called:called:

• A) the 16PF.

• B) the Big Five.

• C) the MMPI.

• D) fundamental personality factors.

618

15. In predicting from one Big Five 15. In predicting from one Big Five attribute to another, “night owls” were attribute to another, “night owls” were more likely to be:more likely to be:

• A) extraverts.

• B) agreeable.

• C) open.

• D) conscientious.

619

16. Bandura called the process of 16. Bandura called the process of interacting with the environment ____. interacting with the environment ____.

• A) self-efficacy

• B) social-cognitive

• C) social-cultural

• D) reciprocal determinism

623

17. When someone relies on “fate” or 17. When someone relies on “fate” or something like astrology to choose an something like astrology to choose an action implies: action implies:

• A) mental retardation.

• B) an external locus of control.

• C) learned helplessness.

• D) an internal locus of control.

625

18. When Martin Seligman experimented 18. When Martin Seligman experimented with dogs and electric shock, he found they with dogs and electric shock, he found they eventually gave up. This was because of:eventually gave up. This was because of:

• A) external locus of control.

• B) learned helplessness.

• C) unstable personality.

• D) reciprocal determinism.

625

19. The best predictor of future behavior 19. The best predictor of future behavior is to look atis to look at::

• A) the Big Five.

• B) personality test results.

• C) past behavior in similar situations.

• D) achievement test scores.

630

20. Some psychologists criticize the 20. Some psychologists criticize the social-cognitive perspective because it:social-cognitive perspective because it:

• A) fails to appreciate the person’s inner traits.

• B) is too scientific.

• C) is too descriptive and not testable.

• D) has no relevance to psychotherapy.

635

21. Teens are especially prone to this 21. Teens are especially prone to this phenomenon, afraid that everyone will phenomenon, afraid that everyone will notice their behavior and judge it.notice their behavior and judge it.

• A) self-efficacy

• B) spotlight effect

• C) self-actualization

• D) self-serving bias

632

22. A projective test that requires a 22. A projective test that requires a person look at several pictures and make person look at several pictures and make up stores is the:up stores is the:

• A) Rorschach Inkblot Test.

• B) MMPI.

• C) 16PF.

• D) TAT.

602

23. Items forming the depression scale of 23. Items forming the depression scale of the MMPI were “empirically derived,” the MMPI were “empirically derived,” meaning: meaning:

• A) they were randomly selected from a large pool of statements.

• B) they were the most popular when people were surveyed.

• C) they were found to correlate with other measures of depression.

• D) they were selected from a large pool of items by people with depression.

617

24: The most widely used personality 24: The most widely used personality test is the:test is the:

• A) MMPI.

• B) Rorschach Inkblot Test.

• C) TAT.

• D) 16PF.

618

25. Because its popularity of use has 25. Because its popularity of use has exceeded research on its value as a exceeded research on its value as a predictor, the Journal of Psychological predictor, the Journal of Psychological Type has contributed to the scientific study Type has contributed to the scientific study of this test, the:of this test, the:

• A) Rorschach Inkblot Test.

• B) MMPI.

• C) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.

• D) TAT.

614

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

• Step Up Created by:– John J. Schulte, Psy.D.

• Based on Psychology, Eighth Edition

• By David G. Myers• Published by• Worth Publishers

(2007)

AnswersAnswers

1. C

2. D

3. B

4. B

5. D

6. A

7. C

8. B

9. C

10. A

11. D

12. C

13. C

14. B

15. A

16. D

17. B

18. B

19. C

20. A

21. B

22. D

23. D

24. A

25. C